F. SCOTT FITZGERALD
“Literary miracles are the work of writers who come closer than other writers to expressing what is in
their minds through innate genius augmented by
control, technique, craft.”
— Matthew J. Bruccoli
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The 1920s
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The Times They Are a-Changin’
More people live in cities than on farms
Nation’s total wealth more than doubled from 1920-1929 “consumersociety”
Many Americans uncomfortable with new “mass culture,” which brought more conflict than celebration for many Americans
For a small group of young Americansin big cities, the 20s were “roaring.” http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
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Mass Culture is Born
Many Americans had extra money to spend:Ready-to-wear clothes
Home appliances (i.e. electric refrigerators)
Radios First commercial radio station in U.S. (Pittsburgh’s KDKA) hit the airwaves in 1920
More than 500 stations by 1923
Movies
CarsModel T ($260 in 1924)
Bought on credit
Service stations and motels spring uphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ajoZPn2ETc4/TPCaGsjhGwI/AAAAAAAACUI/S6Tn
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19th Amendment gives women the right vote.
Millions of women work in white collar jobs (i.e. stenographer).
Increased availability of birth control allows women to havefewer children.
New technology (vacuum cleaner,washing machine) makes housework easier.
The “New Woman”
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Women’s Fashion
The flapper is the most familiar symbol of the “Roaring Twenties,” although few women were actually flappers.
Had bobbed hair
Wore “flapper dresses”
Smoked and drank
Said “unladylike” things
Other FashionCloche hats
Low-waisted dresses
Shorter hemlines and skirts
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18th Amendment bans the sale of “intoxicating liquors” (but not the manufacture of it)
Seen as a way to assert control overimmigrants who crowded cities
Drinking was a symbol for what the middle-class whites disliked about cities; banning it would, they believed, make things like they used to be.
People then went to illegal speakeasies run by bootleggers, racketeers, and other criminals like Chicago gangster Al Capone.
Prohibition
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Swanky StylesParted, slicked-back hair
Hats (i.e. panama)
Three-piece suitsvarious patternsoften with bow tiescolorful shirtssharp creases down front of legs
Oxford shoes
“Gangster suits” – pin stripes
http://www.bookofburlesque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/1920s-suits-for-men.jpg
http://muyuela.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/1920s-hairstyles-
women.jpg https://msu.edu/~szandzi2/alcapone/images/caponemugshot%20copy2.jpg
http://cdn.vintagedancer.com/wp-content/uploads/1920s-mens-hats-at-vintagedancer-com-300x292.jpg
Same Ole Song & Dance
The Jazz Age saw a new change inmusic.Musicians like Aaron Copland and George Gershwin offered key changes to American music.
African Americans offered the most significant contributions to the evolution of jazz.
Jazz moved from Louisiana and Kentuckyto northern cities such as Chicago andNew York where it flourished.
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Carolina PrideCHARLESTON
Charleston! Charleston!
Carolina, Carolina Lord how you can shuffle,
At last they’ve got you on the map Ev’ry step you do, leads to
With a new tune, funny blue tune something new,
With a peculiar snap! Man I’m telling, it’s a lapazoo.
You may not be able to buck or wing Buck dance, wing dance, will be a
Fox-trot, two-set, or even sing, back number.
If you ain’t got religion, in your feet,
You can do this prance and do it neat. But the Charleston, the new
Charleston,
Charleston! Charleston! That dance surely is a comer.
Made in Carolina, Sometime, you’ll dance it one time,
Some dance, some prance, I’ll say, The dance called the Charleston,
There’s nothing finer than the Made in South Caroline.
At the Movies
“Talkies” refer to films with spoken words.The first,The Jazz Singer, appeared in 1927.Al Jolson, who plays Jack Robinson, the main character, appears in blackface. Blackface refers to white actors painting their faces black with exaggerated features to mimic African Americans in a highly stereotyped manner. This was done in part because African Americans were not often welcomed to work in Hollywood in a mainstream position.
The Oscars were born in 1928.http://www.recordsbymail.com/uploads/2-8-16-3/741194.jpg
Big Stars of the 20s
Charlie Chaplin
Greta Garbo
Little Orphan Annie
Steamboat Willie
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Cruisin’ Around
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Advertising Power
“The Golden Age of Sports”
College football gains popularity
Giant stadiums built - Yankee Stadium, “TheHouse that Ruth Built” (1925)
African Americans generally were unableto participate.
Amateurism vs. ProfessionalismAthletes seen as role models for physical skills and moral character
Many saw amateurs as only athletic “heroes” but the lure of money was great.
Famous players of the time include Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig.
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The “Black Sox” Baseball Scandal
October 9, 1919 - Cincinnati Reds defeated the heavily favored Chicago White Sox 10-5and win the World Series
Rumors of a fix began even before the gamestarted.
Investigators learned that gamblers had paidseveral White Sox players to intentionally lose games and thus “fix” the World Series.
Eight so-called “Black Sox” players (including “Shoeless” Joe Jackson, who lived in Pelzer and Greenville as a child) were put ontrial for conspiracy and banned from baseballfor life. (Jackson had been acquitted of the charges but was still banned.)
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Great MigrationAfrican Americans move from Southern countryside to Northern cities
Increasing visibility of black culture Jazz and blues music
Harlem Renaissance
Made some whites uncomfortable Millions joined the Ku Klux Klan
Represented a return to the “values” that were being trampled by the “Roaring Twenties”
“Red Scare”Anti-Communist
Encouraged anti-immigrant hysteria
National Origins Act passed in 1924 Very restrictive
Set immigration quotes that excluded some people (i.e. Eastern Europeans, Asians) in favor of others (i.e. Northern Europeans and people from Great Britain)
“Cultural Civil War” ConflictsCity-dwellers vs. Small-town residents
Protestants vs. Catholics
Blacks vs. Whites
“New women” vs. Traditional values
The “Cultural Civil War”http
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Stock Market crashed October 29, 1929 (came to be known as Black Tuesday).
Billions of dollars lost
Thousands of investors wiped out
Marked the beginning of the Great Depression of the 1930s
It All Comes Crashing Down
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What’s that you say?
Bee’s Knees: an extraordinary
person, thing, idea; the ultimate
Big Cheese: the boss; big shot
Bump Off: to murder
Cat’s Pajamas / Cat’s Meow:
something splendid or stylish;
similar to bee’s knees
Dogs: human feet
Flapper: a stylish, brash young woman
with short skirts and shorter hair
Flat Tire: a dull-witted or
disappointing date
Heebie-jeebies: the jitters
Hooch: bootleg liquor
Jake: Okay
Jalopy: an old car
Lounge lizard: a ladies’ man
Malarkey: lies; nonsense
Moll: gangster’s girl
Nerts: an expression of disgust
Real McCoy: genuine article, the “real deal”
Scram: to leave in a hurry
Speakeasy: an illicit bar selling bootleg
liquor
Spiffy: looking elegant
Swanky: ritzy
Take for a ride: to drive off with someone
in order to bump them off
Whoopee: boisterous; convivial fun
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald
Born St. Paul, MN September 24, 1896
Enrolled at Princeton in 1913 butleft without a degree in 1917
Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Army in 1917
Married Zelda Sayre in 1920
Fitzgerald image: http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/OB-XG575_fitzge_DV_20130429090054.jpgSignature: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/F_Scott_Fitzgerald_Signature.svg/1000px-
F_Scott_Fitzgerald_Signature.svg.png
This Side of Paradise published 1920
Flappers and Philosophers and Tales of the Jazz Age soon followed.
The Great Gatsby published 1925
Became known as the “chronicler of the Jazz Age”
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Soon after marriage, Zelda andF. Scott had a daughter, “Scottie.”
They played hard and drank excessively, living beyond theirmeans.
Their marriage was glamorized but rocky.
By 1930, Zelda had her first breakdown and went to a Swissclinic for treatment.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Zelda wrote Save Me the Waltz, an autobiographical novel, in 1932.
Diagnosed as schizophrenic, Zelda was repeatedly placed insanatoriums. She remained in a sanatorium in North Carolina from1937 until her death in a fire therein 1948.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Fitzgerald published Tender is the Night in1934.
In 1937, he signed a contract with MGM and moved to Hollywood.
He met and began a relationship with SheilahGraham.
Graham was with Fitzgerald when he died ofa heart attack on December 21, 1940.
His final work, The Last Tycoon, remained unfinished. It was edited by Edmund Wilson and published posthumously.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Cast of Characters
oNick Carraway: narrator of the novel; inhis thirties; moves East from the Midwest
oJay Gatsby: in love with Daisy Buchanan;very rich
oDaisy Buchanan: married to Tom Buchanan; very wealthy; in love with Gatsby
Nick: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/fa/28/82/fa2882bf018a2226fab8782be243c47c.jpgGatsby: http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/thegreatgatsby/images/8/86/Jgatsby.png/revision/latest?cb=20130125042956
Daisy: http://static2.hypable.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/great-gatsby-daisy-buchanan.jpg
Characters
oTom Buchanan: Daisy’s husband; treats her badly;has a mistress
o Myrtle Wilson: Tom’s mistress
o Jordan Baker: golf champion; has a fling with Nick
o George Wilson: Myrtle’s husband
o Owl Eyes: man who frequently attends Gatsby’s parties
Tom: http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/thegreatgatsby/images/4/4a/Tom2.png/revision/latest?cb=20130126063112Myrtle: https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/7ef3cba4-59c5-412c-b5a0-645c31513aec/55ef5a37-b1ea-4b84-9c2e-42ed414eefc6.jpg
Jordan: http://67.media.tumblr.com/853c3d532d43dda544118739850ac3a8/tumblr_naa2elLzeN1tjyfb2o1_500.jpg
Who Done It?
Two characters in the novel will be murdered by two other characters. Based on the
descriptions of the characters, predict who will be bumped off and by whom.
Works CitedAndrews, Evan. “The Black Sox Baseball Scandal, 95 Years Ago.” History.com.. A+E Networks, 2014 Oct. 9,
http://www.history.com/news/the-black-sox-baseball-scandal-95-years-ago. Accessed 4 Nov. 2016.
History.com Staff. “Stockmarket Crash of 1929.” History.com.. A+E Networks, 2010, http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-
twenties. Accessed 4 Nov. 2016.
History.com Staff. “The Roaring Twenties.” History.com.. A+E Networks, 2010, http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties.
Accessed 4 Nov. 2016.
"The 1920s: Sports: Overview." American Decades, edited by Judith S. Baughman, et al., vol. 3: 1920-1929, Gale, 2001. U.S.
History in Context, ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=
Reference&zid=dff7b5375c7a4d60bb887113f5089ed5&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=
GALE%7CCX3468301022&source=Bookmark&u=rosw82806&jsid=fbce7e60f2adff54682edb81cec2c0f6.
Accessed 4 Nov. 2016.
