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FridayGeneralSession
CommonShoulderConditionsforthePrimaryCarePhysician
BenjaminSzerlip,DOOrthopedicSurgeonAustinShoulderInstituteAustin,TexasEducationalObjectivesBycompletingthiseducationalactivity,theparticipantshouldbebetterableto:
1. Listcommonshoulderconditionsseeninpatients.2. Discusshistoryandexamfindingsthatarehighlyindicativeofeachcondition.3. Predictthelikelihoodofresolutionwithconservativecare.4. Determinewhentoorderimagingorrefertoaspecialist.
SpeakerDisclosureDr.Szerliphasdisclosedthathehasnoactualorpotentialconflictofinterestinrelationtothistopic.
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Common Shoulder Problems and Treatment Options
Common Shoulder Problems and Treatment Options
Benjamin W. Szerlip D.O.
Austin Shoulder Institute
Benjamin W. Szerlip D.O.
Austin Shoulder Institute
Speaker DisclosureSpeaker Disclosure
Dr. Szerlip has disclosed that he has no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this topic.
Dr. Szerlip has disclosed that he has no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this topic.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
By completing this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. List common shoulder conditions seen in patients.
2. Discuss history and exam findings that are highly indicative of each condition.
3. Predict the likelihood of resolution with conservative care.
4. Determine when to order imaging or refer to a specialist.
By completing this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. List common shoulder conditions seen in patients.
2. Discuss history and exam findings that are highly indicative of each condition.
3. Predict the likelihood of resolution with conservative care.
4. Determine when to order imaging or refer to a specialist.
OverviewOverview
Anatomy
Why do we have shoulder pain?
What is new today?
What can patients expect?
Anatomy
Why do we have shoulder pain?
What is new today?
What can patients expect?
AcromioclavicularSternoclavicularScapulothoracicGlenohumeral
≠Minimally ConstrainedNot Ball-in-Socket
Balance of Stability & MobilityStatic vs. Dynamic
A coordinated complex ofIntercalated joints…
Normal Anatomy: Static Articular Components
Articular Area ~3X GlenoidUniform Articular Thickness
Approximately Spherical
The Humerus: Surface Area Mismatch
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Anatomy of the HumerusAnatomy of the Humerus
Everyone is Different!!
Everyone is Different!!
Glenoid LabrumGlenoid Labrum
• Extends the articular arc & deepens the glenoid socket
• Does not change the radius of curvature of the glenoid surface
•Reversibly deformable tissue
Williams & Iannotti
Bumper → Conforming to Humeral Head
The Labrum: Essential Stability
Shoulder Joint PainShoulder Joint Pain
Rotator Cuff Impingement, Tendinitis and Tears
Arthritis
Instability/ Labral Tears
AC Joint separation
Fracture
Biceps Tears
Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Rotator Cuff Impingement, Tendinitis and Tears
Arthritis
Instability/ Labral Tears
AC Joint separation
Fracture
Biceps Tears
Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Rotator Cuff Tears -Natural History
Rotator Cuff Tears -Natural History
17 million/year
Prevalence increases with age (>50% in individuals beyond 75 yrs. Old)
Not all tears symptomatic
>50% of previously asymptomatic tears develop symptoms of pain ( 2.8 yrs. f/u)
40% of tears increase in size over 5 yr. f/u
80% of pts. whose tear enlarges develop symptoms
17 million/year
Prevalence increases with age (>50% in individuals beyond 75 yrs. Old)
Not all tears symptomatic
>50% of previously asymptomatic tears develop symptoms of pain ( 2.8 yrs. f/u)
40% of tears increase in size over 5 yr. f/u
80% of pts. whose tear enlarges develop symptoms
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Rotator Cuff - SymptomsRotator Cuff - Symptoms
Pain at night
Weakness
Loss of function
Lateral arm pain
Pain at night
Weakness
Loss of function
Lateral arm pain
Role of MRI in Rotator Cuff TearsRole of MRI in Rotator Cuff Tears
Partial vs. full thickness tears Location of tear Size of tear Muscle atrophy
Ultrasound a useful alternative in experienced hands
Partial vs. full thickness tears Location of tear Size of tear Muscle atrophy
Ultrasound a useful alternative in experienced hands
Rotator Cuff TearWho Needs Surgery?
Rotator Cuff TearWho Needs Surgery?
Younger, more active individuals
Acute, traumatic tears
Higher demand individuals
“Fixable” tears
Persistent symptoms despite non-operative treatment
Younger, more active individuals
Acute, traumatic tears
Higher demand individuals
“Fixable” tears
Persistent symptoms despite non-operative treatment
Rotator Cuff Repair – Best PrognosisRotator Cuff Repair – Best Prognosis
Acute cuff tears
Smaller, more mobile tears
No /minimal muscle atrophy
Younger patient (under 70)
Acute cuff tears
Smaller, more mobile tears
No /minimal muscle atrophy
Younger patient (under 70)
40 yo man falls skiing… can’t raise arm 72 yo woman with gradual weakness and pain
Primary Portals
Accessory Portals
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Identify Tear PatternIdentify Tear Pattern
Crescent U-Shaped L-Shaped
Margin ConvergenceSide-to-Side Repair
Margin ConvergenceSide-to-Side Repair
Results – Rotator Cuff SurgeryResults – Rotator Cuff Surgery
95% pain relief
10% - 26% retear rate (sm.-med. Tears)
20% - 38% retear rate (large tears)
Better long-term function if tendon repair remains intact
Retear Rate not directly related to clinical outcome
95% pain relief
10% - 26% retear rate (sm.-med. Tears)
20% - 38% retear rate (large tears)
Better long-term function if tendon repair remains intact
Retear Rate not directly related to clinical outcome
Arthroscopic Advancements in Rotator Cuff Repair
Arthroscopic Advancements in Rotator Cuff Repair
Bioabsorbable/bone replacing anchors
High strength non-absorbable suture
Suture passing devices
“Double row” fixation (increase surface area of repair)
Surgeon experience/training (video games?)
Bioabsorbable/bone replacing anchors
High strength non-absorbable suture
Suture passing devices
“Double row” fixation (increase surface area of repair)
Surgeon experience/training (video games?)
Shoulder ArthritisShoulder Arthritis
43 million American adults diagnosed
100 different types
OA or “Wear-and-tear arthritis” – most common
Exact causes are unknown
Researchers say genetics may play a role in 40-65 percent of knee osteoarthritis cases
43 million American adults diagnosed
100 different types
OA or “Wear-and-tear arthritis” – most common
Exact causes are unknown
Researchers say genetics may play a role in 40-65 percent of knee osteoarthritis cases
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Osteoarthritis – The Bad NewsOsteoarthritis – The Bad News
Cartilage – the “cushion” – between joints breaks down
Bones begin to erode, bone spurs develop
Symptoms – pain, stiffness, decreased mobility
Disease and symptoms worsen over time
Hips & knees are more common (>1,000,000 replacements/year)
Cartilage – the “cushion” – between joints breaks down
Bones begin to erode, bone spurs develop
Symptoms – pain, stiffness, decreased mobility
Disease and symptoms worsen over time
Hips & knees are more common (>1,000,000 replacements/year)
Osteoarthritis – The Good NewsOsteoarthritis – The Good News
There are things patients can do!
More is known, and more treatments are available, than ever before
Lifestyle changes can help patients feel good, and maintain strength, mobility
Medications to relieve pain
Joint replacement to eliminate pain, restore mobility
There are things patients can do!
More is known, and more treatments are available, than ever before
Lifestyle changes can help patients feel good, and maintain strength, mobility
Medications to relieve pain
Joint replacement to eliminate pain, restore mobility
What do I need to know?What do I need to know?
Hx – Pain level, Night pain, subjective shoulder function (SSF)
Physical exam –restricted motion, intact rotator cuff, nerves working
X-rays – show joint deterioration, bone erosion, excess fluid, bone spurs
DON’T FORGET THE OTHER THINGS!!
Hx – Pain level, Night pain, subjective shoulder function (SSF)
Physical exam –restricted motion, intact rotator cuff, nerves working
X-rays – show joint deterioration, bone erosion, excess fluid, bone spurs
DON’T FORGET THE OTHER THINGS!!
What we know VS what we think we know
What we know VS what we think we know
Arthroplasty
Short press fit stem
Stemless
3D software for pre op planning/ intraoperative guides
Augmented glenoid in TSA/ RSA
Arthroplasty
Short press fit stem
Stemless
3D software for pre op planning/ intraoperative guides
Augmented glenoid in TSA/ RSA
3 Goals Of All Treatments For Osteoarthritis
3 Goals Of All Treatments For Osteoarthritis
1. Control Pain and other symptoms caused by the disease
2. Optimize Function, including the impact of osteoarthritis on mobility and the activities of daily living
3. Educate Patients and families about the disease and treatment options for osteoarthritis
1. Control Pain and other symptoms caused by the disease
2. Optimize Function, including the impact of osteoarthritis on mobility and the activities of daily living
3. Educate Patients and families about the disease and treatment options for osteoarthritis
Temporary ReliefTemporary Relief
Aspirin-Free Pain Relievers
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Intra-articular Injections
Disease Modifiers
Sleep Aids
Aspirin-Free Pain Relievers
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Intra-articular Injections
Disease Modifiers
Sleep Aids
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What Makes Someone A Good Surgical Candidate?
What Makes Someone A Good Surgical Candidate?
Everyday activities are difficult
Shoulder pain continues while resting, either day or night
Stiffness limits your ability to move or lift your arm
Little pain relief with non-surgical solutions
Harmful or unpleasant side-effects from medications
Nonoperative treatments no longer work
Everyday activities are difficult
Shoulder pain continues while resting, either day or night
Stiffness limits your ability to move or lift your arm
Little pain relief with non-surgical solutions
Harmful or unpleasant side-effects from medications
Nonoperative treatments no longer work
Surgical SolutionsSurgical Solutions
1. Shoulder Arthroscopy
2. Partial Shoulder Replacement
3. Total Shoulder Replacement
4. Reverse Shoulder Replacement
1. Shoulder Arthroscopy
2. Partial Shoulder Replacement
3. Total Shoulder Replacement
4. Reverse Shoulder Replacement
Shoulder ArthroscopyShoulder Arthroscopy
Joint is viewed using a camera, inserted through a small incision
Other instruments are inserted through additional small incisions
The orthopaedic surgeon can diagnose and treat joint disorders by providing a clear view of the joint.
Allows the surgeon to treat problems other than shoulder arthritis
Joint is viewed using a camera, inserted through a small incision
Other instruments are inserted through additional small incisions
The orthopaedic surgeon can diagnose and treat joint disorders by providing a clear view of the joint.
Allows the surgeon to treat problems other than shoulder arthritis
Why do we Replace the Shoulder?Proximal Humerus Fractures
Why do we Replace the Shoulder?Proximal Humerus Fractures
Reverse for FractureReverse for Fracture Stemless: What we think…Stemless: What we think…
Potential advantages
Canal sparing
Decreased blood loss
Preserve bone
Solution with deformity/ Malunion
Decrease prosthetic fracture
Ease of revision
Marketing to patients
Potential advantages
Canal sparing
Decreased blood loss
Preserve bone
Solution with deformity/ Malunion
Decrease prosthetic fracture
Ease of revision
Marketing to patients
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Total Shoulder ReplacementTotal Shoulder Replacement
The glenoid socket is replaced with a plastic insert that is glued in with bone cement
The humeral head is replaced with a metal prosthesis
The glenoid socket is replaced with a plastic insert that is glued in with bone cement
The humeral head is replaced with a metal prosthesis
Reverse Shoulder ArthroplastyReverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Technique Modification Critical
Technique Modification Critical
2016
20172015
Shoulder Replacements are SuccessfulShoulder Replacements are Successful
Joint replacement surgery among the most common surgery performed in the US
Shoulder replacements are the 3rd most common
Shoulder replacements have shorter hospitalizations and fewer complications than hip and knee replacements
Joint replacement surgery among the most common surgery performed in the US
Shoulder replacements are the 3rd most common
Shoulder replacements have shorter hospitalizations and fewer complications than hip and knee replacements
Over 60,000 shoulder replacements are performed annually in the U.S.
OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis Total Shoulder ReplacementTotal Shoulder Replacement
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Too HighToo Large
TOO SMALL A HEAD
TOO SMALL A HEAD
Glenoid Loosening
Poly wearTHE HUMERUS AND GLENOID
ARE MARRIED…..…IN THIS CASE THERE IS
A DIVORCE…
RESULTS
50yo woman: NationalChampion in Horse-jumping 48 yo Former Triathlete
49 yo Electrician(bilateral TSR)
191 Patient 1 yr F/U:
“Are you happy & would youDo it again?” 98.5% Yes
“What percent of normal isYour shoulder?” 97.5%
> 80%; 35% with “normal”
(unpublished: Warner, Millett, Higgins)
Average age = 53yo
I HAVE NO PAIN….AND MY SHOULDER FEELS LIKE A NORMAL SHOULDER
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ComplicationsComplications Infection CATASTROPHIC!!!!!
Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, remote sites of infection, and previous operations on the shoulder
Infection CATASTROPHIC!!!!!
Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, remote sites of infection, and previous operations on the shoulder
ComplicationsComplications
Glenoid Wear/Glenoid Loosening 1/3 complications
3rd generation cementation technique
Glenoid Wear/Glenoid Loosening 1/3 complications
3rd generation cementation technique
ComplicationsComplications
Instability 0-29%Anterior – subscapularis tears
Superior – rotator cuff tears
Instability 0-29%Anterior – subscapularis tears
Superior – rotator cuff tears
ComplicationsComplications
Periprosthetic fractures Periprosthetic fractures
ComplicationsComplications
Periprosthetic fractures Periprosthetic fractures
The Reason for Improvement
The Reason for Improvement
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ComplicationsComplications
Rotator Cuff Tears Natural history?
Nonanatomic prostheses?
Stiffness
Bleeding
Nerve damage Rarely Permanent
Mostly Neuropraxias
Rotator Cuff Tears Natural history?
Nonanatomic prostheses?
Stiffness
Bleeding
Nerve damage Rarely Permanent
Mostly Neuropraxias
3D Pre Op Planning and PSI 3D Pre Op Planning and PSI
Improving patient outcomes
Optimizes glenoid bone preservation
Improves Implant accuracy/ selection
No cost/ downside for planning
Real time planning
Patient specific options
Improving patient outcomes
Optimizes glenoid bone preservation
Improves Implant accuracy/ selection
No cost/ downside for planning
Real time planning
Patient specific options