Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Proton and deuteron activation cross section data for FENDL-3
Progress report
on experiments and data evaluations
made by the ATOMKI Group
2009-2010
Activation cross section data for deuteron induced reactions
F. Tarkanyi, B. Kiraly
Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
2nd meeting of IAEA CRP on FENDL-3 23-26 March 2010
2 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Proton induced reactions
Motivation: activation calculations for IFMIF
First library in EAF-2007
Generated by TALYS model code
At this stage no improvements or renormalizations
Only a start, requires:
Uncertainty data Improvements Validation
3 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Compilation of proton induced data
Compilation of proton induced activation cross sections were started up to 100 MeV
In the first stage only the EXFOR database was used
Targets: Ag, Al, C, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, N, Nb, Ni, O, P, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Ta, Ti, V, W
The number of reactions is around 400
The preparation of the list of the missing, duplicated and wrong EXFOR entries is in progress
4 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Proton induced reactionsTarget Product Comp
iled Talys 2009
EAF PADF JENDL HE
ATOMKI data
Ag 3H 7Be 94mTc, 94gTc 97Ru 99gRh, 100gRh, 101mRh, 102gRh, 105gRh 100Pd, 101Pd, 103Pd, 104Pd 103Ag, 104Ag, 105Ag, 106mAg, 106gAg 104Cd, 105Cd, 107Cd, 109Cd
x
x
Al 3H 7Be, 9Be, 10Be 14C 18F 22Na, 24Na 23Mg, 28Mg 26Al 26Si, 27Si
x
x
C 3H 7Be, 10Be 10C, 11C, 14C 13N
x
Co 7Be 44mSc, 46gSc, 47Sc 48V, 53V 48Cr, 51Cr 51Mn, 52mMn, 52gMn, 54Mn, 56Mn 52Fe, 53mFe, 53gFe, 55Fe, 59Fe 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58mCo, 58gCo 56Ni, 57Ni, 59Ni, 60Ni
x
x
Cr 45Ti 48V 48Cr, 49Cr, 51Cr 50mMn, 50gMn, 51Mn, 52mMn, 52gMn, 53Mn, 54Mn, 56Mn
x
Cu 7Be 44mSc, 44gSc, 46gSc 48V 48Cr, 49Cr, 51Cr, 52Mn, 54Mn 56Mn, 52Fe, 55Fe, 59Fe 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58mCo, 58gCo, 60Co, 61Co 56Ni, 57Ni 60Cu, 61Cu, 62Cu, 64Cu 60Zn, 62Zn, 63Zn, 65Zn, 66Zn
x
x
Fe 3H 7Be, 10Be 36Cl 44mSc, 44gSc, 46gSc, 47Sc, 48Sc 44Ti 48V 48Cr, 51Cr 51Mn, 52mMn, 52gMn, 53Mn, 54Mn 52gFe, 53mFe, 53gFe, 55Fe 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58mCo, 58gCo, 59Co
x
x
Li 3H, 7Be
x
Mn 10Be 43K 44mSc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc 48V 48Cr, 51Cr 52gMn, 54Mn 52Fe, 53mFe, 53gFe, 55Fe
x
x
Mo 86Y, 87mY, 87gY, 88Y 86Zr, 88Zr, 89mZr, 89gZr 88mNb, 88gNb 89gNb, 90Nb, 92mNb, 95mNb, 96Nb, 97Nb 90Mo, 93mMo, 99Mo 93mTc, 93gTc, 94mTc, 94gTc, 95mTc, 95gTc, 96mTc, 96gTc, 99mTc, 99gTc
x
x
N 3H 7Be, 10Be 11C 13N 14O, 15O
x
Nb 94Mo, 93mMo, 93gMo 90Mo 92mNb, 91mNb, 90Nb, 89mNb 89gZr, 88Zr 88Y, 87mY, 87gY, 86gY
x
x
Ni 3H 7Be, 10Be 26Al 41Ca 44mSc, 46gSc, 47Sc 47V, 48V, 49V, 50V 48Cr, 51Cr 52Mn, 53Mn, 54Mn 52Fe, 53mFe, 55Fe, 59Fe, 60Fe 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58mCo, 58gCo, 60Co, 61Co 56Ni, 57Ni, 59Ni 59Cu, 60Cu, 61Cu, 62Cu, 64Cu
x
x
O 7Be,10Be 11C, 14C 13N 15O 17F, 18F
x
P 22Na,24Na 29Al 28Mg 30P
x
S 22Na, 24Na 28Mg 34mCl
x
Sb 117Te, 118Te, 119mTe, 119gTe 121mTe, 121gTe, 123mTe, 123gTe 120mSb, 122Sb 117mSn
Si 3H 7Be,10Be 14C 18F 22Na, 24Na 27Mg, 28Mg 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al 27Si
x
Sn 109gIn, 110gIn, 111In, 114mIn, 117mIn 113gSn, 117mSn 115Sb, 116mSb, 116gSb, 117Sb, 118mSb, 118gSb, 119Sb, 120mSb, 120gSb, 122mSb, 122gSb, 124m1Sb, 124m2Sb, 124gSb
x
x
Ta 167Tm 169Yb 169Lu, 170Lu, 171Lu, 172Lu, 173Lu, 174gLu, 179Lu 170Hf, 172Hf, 173Hf, 175Hf, 179m2Hf 175Ta, 176Ta, 177Ta, 178mTa, 178gTa, 180gTa 178W, 179W, 180W, 181W
x
x
Ti 7Be, 10Be 24Na 34mCl, 36Cl, 38Cl, 39Cl 42K, 43K 47Ca 43Sc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 46gSc, 47Sc, 48Sc 44Ti, 45Ti 47V, 48V, 49V
x
x
V 7Be 24Na 38Cl, 39Cl 42K, 43K 45Ca, 47Ca 43Sc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 46gSc, 47Sc, 48Sc 44Ti, 45Ti 48V, 49V 48Cr, 49Cr, 51Cr
x
x
W 83Rb 85gSr 87gY, 88Y 88Zr 169Yb 171Lu, 173Lu, 177Lu 173Hf, 175Hf, 179m2Hf, 181Hf 176Ta, 177Ta, 182Ta, 183Ta, 184Ta 178W 180Re, 181Re, 183Re, 184mRe, 184gRe, 186mRe, 186Re
x
x
5 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Deuteron induced reactions
Preliminary library in EAF-2005.1
Used for calculations of impurities in Li target
Generated by TALYS model code
Improved for EAF-2007 by use of:
Additional data sources
Renormalization of some reactions to EXFOR
Only a start, requires:
Uncertainty data
Improvements
Validation
Motivation: activation calculations for IFMIF
6 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Compilation of deuteron induced data
Deuteron activation cross sections were compiled up to 50 MeV
In addition to the EXFOR database, some other important reference sources should be checked (e.g. Nuclear Science References, NNDC, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Landolt-Bornstein books)
The number of reactions is above 400
Targets: Ag, Al, C, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, N, Nb, Ni, O, P, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Ta, Ti, V, W
Additional targets were included: Au, Cd, In, Ir, Mg, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Y, Zn, Zr
The preparation of the list of the missing, duplicated and wrong EXFOR entries is in progress
7 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Deuteron induced reactionsTarget Product Compiled Talys 2009 EAF ATOMKI
data Ag 3H
105Ag, 106mAg, 106gAg, 108mAg, 110mAg, 110gAg 107Cd, 109Cd 109gPd
x x
x
x
Al 1H, 2H, 3H 3He, 4He 7Be 27Mg 22Na, 24Na 28Al 27Si
x
x
x
x
C 1H 13N, 14N 11C, 14C 10B 8Li 7Be
x
x
x
Co 56Ni, 57Ni 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58Co, 60Co, 60mCo 52Fe, 59Fe 52Mn, 54Mn, 56Mn 51Cr 48V 46Sc, 47Sc
x
x
x
x
Cr 50mMn, 51Mn, 52Mn, 52mMn, 53Mn, 54Mn, 56Mn 49Cr, 51Cr, 55Cr 48V, 52V
x
x
x
Cu 3H 4He 52Mn, 56Mn 52Fe, 59Fe 57Co, 58Co, 60Co 57Ni, 65Ni 61Cu, 62Cu, 64Cu, 66Cu 62Zn, 63Zn, 65Zn
x
x
x
x
Fe 4He 51Cr 52mMn, 52gMn, 54Mn, 56Mn 53Fe, 59Fe 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58Co
x
x
x
x
H 1H, 2H, 3H 3He, 4He
x
x
Li Neutron 1H, 3H 3He, 4He 7Be, 8Be, 9Be 5Li, 6Li, 7Li, 8Li
x
x
Mn 55Fe 51Cr 54Mn, 56Mn
x
x
x
Mo 88Zr 90Nb, 92mNb, 95mNb, 95gNb, 96Nb 99Mo, 101Mo 93mTc, 93gTc, 94mTc, 94gTc, 95mTc, 95gTc, 96Tc, 97mTc, 99mTc, 101Tc
x
x
x
x
N 11C 13N, 16N 15O 8Li
x
x
Nb 1H, 3H 93mMo 90Nb, 91mNb, 92mNb, 95Nb 90Y 88Zr, 89Zr
x
x
x
x
Ni 1H, 2H, 3H 3He, 4He 51Cr 52gMn, 54Mn, 56Mn 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 58Co, 60Co, 61Co 56Ni, 57Ni, 65Ni 55Fe, 59Fe 59Cu, 60Cu, 61Cu, 62Cu, 64Cu
x
x
x
x
O 13N, 14N, 16N 18F, 17F 19O
x
x
P No data in EXFOR, other sources should be checked
x
x
S 34mCl 30P, 32P
x
x
Sb 116Te, 118Te, 119Te, 121mTe, 121gTe, 123mTe 118mSb, 119Sb, 122Sb, 124Sb 108Sn, 113Sn, 117mSn, 121Sn 111In, 114mIn
x
x
Si 7Be 22Na, 24Na 28Al, 29Al 29P, 32P
x
x
Sn 3H 111gIn, 114mIn 110Sn, 113gSn, 117mSn, 123mSn, 123gSn 115Sb, 116mSb, 117Sb, 118mSb, 120mSb, 122Sb, 124Sb, 125Sb
x
x
x
Ta 1H 175Ta, 178Ta, 180gTa, 182mTa, 182gTa 176W, 177W, 178W, 181W 173Hf, 175Hf, 179mHf, 180mHf, 181Hf 126Xe, 127Xe, 128Xe
x
x
x
x
Ti 4He 43Sc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc 47V, 48V, 49V
x
x
x
x
V 3H 4He 47Ca 48Cr, 49Cr, 51Cr 44mSc, 44gSc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc 48V, 49V 41Ar 42K, 43K
x
x
x
W 185W, 187W 181Re, 182mRe, 182gRe, 183Re, 184mRe, 184gRe, 186gRe 182Ta, 183Ta, 184Ta
x
x
x
x
Au 190Hg, 191mHg, 192Hg, 193mHg, 195mHg, 195gHg, 196Hg, 197mHg, 197Hg, 199mHg 192Au, 194Au, 196mAu, 196gAu, 198gAu, 198gAu,
x x x
Cd 110mIn, 110gIn, 111In, 112mIn, 113mIn, 114min, 115mIn, 116mIn, 117mIn 111mCd, 115mCd, 115gCd, 117mCd, 117gCd, 105gAg, 106mAg,, 110mAg, 111Ag, 112Ag
x x x
In 113Sn 111In, 113mIn, 114mIn, 115mIn, 116mIn 111mCd, 115gCd 112Ag
x
x
x
Ir 188Pt, 189Pt, 191Pt, 193mPt 189Ir, 190gIr, 192gIr, 194mIr, 194gIr
x x x
Mg 22Na, 24Na, 25Na 27Mg 25Al, 28Al
x x
Pb 202Bi, 203Bi, 204Bi, 205Bi, 206Bi, 207Bi, 202Pb, 203Pb,209Pb 201Tl, 202Tl
x x x
Pd 103Ag, 104Ag, 106mAg, 110mAg, 111Ag +
x
Pt 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 196m2Au, 198mAu, 198gAu, 199Au 191Pt, 195mPt, 197Pt 192Ir
x x x
Rh 1101mRh, 101gRh, 102mRh, 102gRh, 103Pd +
x x x
Y 87Zr, ,88Zr, 89mZr, 89gZr, 87mY, 87gY, 88Y, 90mY, 90gY, 85gSr, 87mSr, 89Sr
x x x
Zn 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga 61Zn, 63Zn, 65Zn, 69mZn, 69gZn, 71Zn 61Cu, 64Cu, 67Cu 58Co
x x x
Zr 89mNb, 89gNb, 90Nb, 91mNb, 92mNb, 95mNb, 95gNb, 96Nb, 97Nb 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 95Zr, 97Zr, 86Y, 87mY, 87gY, 88Y, 90mY, 90gY, 92Y 85Sr 83Rb
x x x
8 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Status of the experimental database
The experimental database is relatively poor
Mostly elemental cross sections
Independent and cumulative data
Mostly low energy data due to the limited applications and the limited accelerators available
Only a few groups have reported higher energy data (JAEA, ATOMKI)
Series of new unpublished experimental data from ATOMKI (collaborations with VUB, CYRIC, IPPE)
9 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
New CRP related unpublished experimental data from ATOMKI
Material Target Primary proton beam
Material Target Primary deuteron
beam Molybdenum natMoRe foils
Mo foils
70 MeV p 36 MeV p
Molybdenum natMoRe Mo foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Tantalum natTa foils
36 MeV p
Gold Au foils 21 MeV d
Vanadium natV foils
70 MeV p
Vanadium natV foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Cobalt natCo foils
70 MeV p
Cobalt natCo foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Tungsten natW foils
36 MeV p Tungsten natW foils
21 MeV d
Lead natPb foils
36 MeV p
Lead natPb foils
21 MeVn d
Manganese natMnCuNi foils
70 MeV p 36 MeV p
Manganese natMnCuNi foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Copper natMnCuNi foils 70 MeV p 36 MeV p
Copper natMnCuNi foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Nickel
natMnCuNi foils
70 MeV p 36 MeV p
Nickel
natMnCuNi foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Indium natIn foils
70 MeV p
Indium natIn foils
40 MeV d 21 MeV d
Titan natTi foils 21 MeV d 10 MeV d
Iron natFe foils
10 MeV d
10 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Conclusions from the compilation and evaluation of the experimental data
The number of the reactions is so large (~400 deuteron and ~400 proton) that the critical evaluation of the experimental data (reading all original papers) will have some limitations
There are numerous results not converted to EXFOR
There are many very disturbing mistakes in the compiled EXFOR entries
Limited information in the original publications
No possibility to correct for nonlinear parameters
11 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Comparison with the theoretical models and data libraries
Comparison with the TENDL-2009 for all reactions
Comparison with the EAF-2007 for the most important targets
Comparison for selected cases with EMPIRE-D and ALICE-IPPE D
12 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Conclusions from the comparison
Large discrepancies with TENDL-2009
Missing calculations in TENDL- 2009
The “adjusted” data of EAF-2007 in some cases are better but still not satisfactory
(only about 20-30% is acceptable)
Very surprising the large differences in the shape of the “blind” TENDL-2009 and EAF-2007
Poor results in case of (d,p) and (d,t) reactions
Reasonable agreements with ALICE-IPPE for the “total” production
Good reproduction of (d,p) and (d,t) in ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D
Without fitting to the experimental data the predictions are poor!!!
13 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Format
MS EXCEL is used to collect experimental and theoretical data, to make the necessary corrections or normalizations and to create graphs
Only the final results will be transformed to ENDF format
14 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Examples
natMo(d,x)92mNb
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ect
ion
(m
b)
Randa 1977Sonck 1999aTarkanyi 2010 unp.TENDL-2009, 92Nb(level1)EAF 2007 92Nb(level 1)ALICE IPPE total
15 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Examples
natAg(d,x)110mAg
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ect
ion
(m
b)
Yu Weixiang 1989 (on 109Ag)
Peng 1992 (on 109Ag)
Uddin 2006 (on natAg)
TENDL-2009, 110Ag(level2)
EAF-2007, 110Ag(m)
16 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Examples
59Co(d,x)57Ni
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ect
ion
(m
b)
Michel 1983
TENDL-2009, 57Ni
TENDL-2008, 57Ni
EAF-2007, 57Ni
17 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Examples
natIn(d,xn)113m+gSn
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 10 20 30 40 50
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss
se
cti
on
(m
b)
Alice-DEmpire-DTENDL-2008VUB ser 1VUB ser 2CYRICTENDL-2009
18 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Examples
natCu(d,x)63Zn
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 10 20 30 40 50
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss
se
cti
on
(m
b)
Bartell 1950Gilly 1963 (on 63Cu)Fulmer 1970Okamura 1971 (on 63Cu)Takacs 2006Bem 2007 (on 63Cu)Ochiai 2008TENDL-2009EAF-2007, 63ZnBartell 1950Gilly 1963 (on 63Cu)Fulmer 1970Okamura 1971 (on 63Cu)Takacs 2006Bem 2007 (on 63Cu)Ochiai 2008TENDL-2009EAF-2007, 63Zn
19 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Examples
natCu(d,x)64Cu
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 10 20 30 40 50
Deuteron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss
se
cti
on
(m
b)
Bartell 1950
Gilly 1963 (on 63Cu)
Fulmer 1970
Okamura 1971 (on 63Cu)
Diksic 1979
Takacs 2006
Bem 2007 (on63Cu)
TENDL-2009, 64Cu
EAF-2007, 64Cu
20 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Future plans / Deuteron
Comparison of the experimental data with results of EAF-2007 for all deuteron induced reactions (time consuming due to the missing summarization of contributing reaction channels in EAF!!!)
De-selection of the contradictory data taking into account the experimental circumstances
Comparison of the experimental data also with the available ALICE-IPPE and EMPIRE-II calculations for reactions measured by the ATOMKI Group
To make available for FENDL-3 all experimental data recently measured by ATOMKI (publications)
New experimental data for missing important reactions
21 Institute of Nuclear Research, Cyclotron Application Department
Future plans / Protons
Continuation of the evaluation of the proton induced cross section data
Extension of the compilation with the experimental data found using the secondary reference sources (e.g. Nuclear Science References, NNDC, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Landolt-Bornstein books)
De-selection of the contradictory data taking into account the experimental circumstances
Comparison of the experimental data also with the PADF and JENDL, available ALICE-IPPE and EMPIRE-II calculations for reactions measured by the ATOMKI Group
New experimental data for missing important reactions
