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SUMMARY

Exercise 1

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

It is a fact that Malaysian students are not living up to the expectations of the society andgovernment. Several reasons can explain why this situation prevails. Firstly, many students todayhave a poor attitude towards their studies. Unlike their parents who had to work part-time and

pay for their studies, students today have it easy.arents work hard to put their children through school and college. Sadly, many children

do not take their studies seriously. Some think that they are simply doing it to o!lige their parents. "wing to such a !ad attitude, these children have poor reading ha!its and a weak grasp

of the su!#ects they are taking.Moreover, many are over-dependent on their teachers, expecting the teachers to givethem notes and forecast $uestions for their examination. %hey think the same of their tutors.%heir tutors are expected to give them examination answers. %his explains why so many go for

private tuition. %his situation can !e rectified. &ll that is needed is some effort and determinationto do !etter. In this, students, parents and teachers play an e$ually important role.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the reasons why children are not doing well in their studies:

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

Many students do not take their studies seriously. They do

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Many tudents do not take

their tudies seriously They do

not !a"e to work and

study #ike their parents did

o$e tudy to obligate their

parents %wing to su&h bad

attitude They do not read

or 'nderstand their books Moreo"er

$any (epend too $u&h on

their Tea&hers and tutors for

notes And e)a$ination *uestions and

answer

Exercise 1

Many students do not take their studies seriously. %hey do not have to work and studylike their parents did. Some study to o!lige their parents. "wing to such !ad attitude, they do notread or understand their !ooks. Moreover, many depend too much on their teachers and tutors for notes and examination $uestions and answers.

words/

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Exercise 2 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

Most people over fifty suffer from some form of dental disease. So, make sure you takegood care of your teeth and gums with daily !rushing and flossing. 0our gums will thin withtime, therefore !rush thoroughly !ut gently to prevent tearing your gums. &s fillings get older,they weaken or crack. &s a result, !acteria can seep into your tooth, causing decay.

1aily cleaning and good nutrition are critical for healthy gums. 2hen gums !ecomeinfected and diseased, they set off a chain reaction that can result in loose teeth or weakening ofthe #aw!one. 3ontact your dentist if your gums !ecome red or !egin to !leed.

2hat you put into your mouth has a direct impact on the health of your mouth and thehealth of the rest of your !ody. &s you age and your lifestyle changes, keep your nutritional goalsin mind. *alanced meals are one of the !est ways for good health. 'egular checkups preventdental pro!lems. %he longer we wait, the more likely things will go wrong. 4ood eating ha!its,regular and proper !rushing and dental check-ups should ensure we keep our teeth right into ourold age.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the ways to take good care of our teeth .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

+e take good &are of our teeth with daily brushing

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Exercise 4 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

& tattoo is a permanent mark or design under the top layer of skin made !y the in#ectionof coloured pigments. &ges ago, tattoos were used for a variety of reasons. %his includedidentifying slaves and criminals to determine their social class. %hey were also used to !eautify.%he !elief that tattoos were decorative was evident in 6gypt. Many ancient 6gyptian mummieshad tattoos.

1uring the olden times, the art of tattooing was widespread. %his explains why tattoo-likemarks were discovered in cave paintings. Some of them were made thousands of years ago.%attooing was a very expensive process in the (7 th century. So when the first electric needle wasinvented, the tattoo process !ecame cheaper and faster. 2hen it !ecame cheap, it was also done

!y the poor. So it was no longer a mark of wealth.%oday, women make up more than half the tattooed population. Some have even tattooed

slimmer and shaped eye!rows. %attooing is now carried out in comforta!le !eauty salons usinghygienic electrical needles. %o take it a step further, tattoos can now !e removed !y new lasertechnology.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the developments in the art of tattooing .

0our summary must+

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+ A tattoo- $ade by the in e&tion of &oloured pig$ents- was

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Exercise 5 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

%eenagers today undergo a lot of pressure. %his can !e due to examinations, parents8expectations and the pro!lems of growing up. For those who are una!le to handle the stress, they

turn to drugs, !ad company and even end up suffering from eating disorders.&n eating disorder may !e an expression of something that the individual has no other

way of expressing. Some of the underlying issues that are associated with an eating disorderinclude low self-esteem, depression, feelings of loss of control, feelings of worthlessness,identity concerns, family communication pro!lems and an ina!ility to cope with emotions.

6ating disorders are usually divided into three categories9 namely, anorexia nervosa, !ulimia nervosa and compulsive overeating. &norexia is a disorder where the main characteristicis the restriction of food and the refusal to maintain a minimal normal !ody weight. &ny actualgain or even perceived gain of weight is met with intense fear !y the anorexic. *ulimia is asituation where a person stops eating for long periods. If !oth these illnesses are untreated, theywill result in death. 3ompulsive eaters use food as relief for stress and depression. eople with

eating disorders need others to understand them and help them to overcome their illness.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the three types of eating disorders .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

Eating disorders arise fro$ low self/estee$- depression and an inability

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Exercise 6 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

:eart disease is the num!er one killer in Malaysia today. %his is due to our modern

lifestyle and dietary ha!its. In other words, the good life is killing us. 2e eat too much andexercise too little.

:eart attacks are no longer confined to middle-aged people. More young people aregetting heart attacks. 6very year, thousands of apparently healthy young people, especially men,die of sudden unexpected heart attacks. Many of them are in their thirties and early forties. Someof them even had checkups and had !een passed as fit #ust a few days !efore their heart attacks."f course, age and hereditary factors put a person at greater risk.

%he symptoms of a heart attack are cold sweat, di;;iness and severe chest pain, whichoften spreads to the arms and the !ack of the !ody. "ne can take necessary steps to reduce therisk of a heart attack. Studies have shown that a diet low in cholesterol can help to reduce therisk. Most doctors will recommend healthy living. %he rules of healthy living are very simple+

stop smoking, eat !alanced meals, exercise regularly and take up recreation to relieve stress.

'ewrite the article a!ove on the increasing incidence of heart attacks today and the ways toreduce it .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

!eart disease- the nu$ber one killer in Malaysia today- is

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Exercise 7 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

2hen camping, choose a campsite away from trails and dead trees. &void slopes and highridges that are fre$uented !y wild life. Set up camp as early as possi!le and familiarise yourself

with the surroundings. %his helps to prevent in#uries sustained from fum!ling a!out in the dark.Use a sleeping !ag that provides ade$uate warmth and a sleeping pad to protect yourself from thecold ground.

&nother golden rule is to make sure that you !ring enough food to last the trip. %he foodcan !e fresh, dried or canned. &void !ringing any food with a strong smell. 0ou will need at leasttwo litres of water per person per day. Use water from a natural source such as a spring. Makesure that all water is !oiled to eliminate contamination.

*uild your fire away from the tent. 1o not cook inside the tent, even if you are using agas canister. 5ever !urn ru!!ish, especially plastic, as the fumes are toxic. Make sure the fire iscompletely put out !efore you leave the campsite. 1o not forget your camp eti$uette which is toleave the campsite as you found it.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on what to do when camping .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

+hen &a$ping- &hoose a safe and dry &a$psite. 0a$iliarise yourself

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Exercise 11 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

6-learning revolutionises the traditional concept of teacher and classroom. Firstly, thesu!#ect matter a learner wishes to learn can !e o!tained on demand. Mis!ehaviour, which arisesfrom the lack of interest in the su!#ect, is therefore not a pro!lem. %his self-paced learning canfurther reduce disruptions and indiscipline in the classroom.

%he classroom is not within the four walls of a school. & desktop, a network connectionand a !rowser are all that are needed !y the learner. Since e-learners can view the programmes athome or from friends8 home, truancy which ranks the highest on the list of discipline pro!lems,may no longer pose a pro!lem. "vercrowded classrooms will no longer !e an issue !ecausestudents do not have to attend schools to ac$uire knowledge.

6-learning should !e implemented in Malaysian schools. rimarily, it allows the cultureof self-learning to take hold. Students can pick the time, the content as well as the direction of their learning experience. %hey also have the opportunity to repeat difficult topics as many timesas they desire for !etter understanding. Shy students who rarely ask $uestions have a =safe=avenue to get their $ueries answered.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the advantages of E"learning .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

E/learning has $any ad"antages. The learner &an learn when he

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Exercise 12

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

&cupuncture involves the insertion of stainless steel needles into various !ody areas. &low-fre$uency current may !e applied to the needles to produce greater stimulation. %he generaltheory of acupuncture is !ased on the !elief that patterns of energy flowing throughout the !odyare essential for health.

& disruption of the flow is !elieved to !e responsi!le for illnesses. %he acupuncturist !elieves that acupuncture can correct the im!alance of flow. %he conditions claimed to respondto acupuncture include chronic pain such neck and !ack pain, indigestion, ulcer, high and low

!lood pressure and muscle and nerve conditions.:ow acupuncture relieves pain is unclear. "ne theory suggests that pain impulses are

!locked from reaching the spinal cord or !rain. &nother theory suggests that it stimulates the !ody to produce narcotic-like su!stances called endorphins, which reduce pain. Improperly performed acupuncture can cause fainting, !leeding, punctured lungs and even nerve damage.%here is also the risk that an acupuncturist may fail to diagnose or may misdiagnose a dangerousailment. %his can lead to serious conse$uences, even death.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the practice of acupuncture .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

A&upun&ture- the insertion of stainless steel needles into "arious body

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Exercise 13 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

Mountaineering is a physically demanding sport. 0our physical conditioning is thereforethe single most important factor to ensure a successful clim!. So, it is crucial that you undergo a

rigorous exercise and fitness programme to get into shape.2hen training for a high altitude clim!, training such as running and cycling should !e

included as it helps you !uild strong lungs. "ther aspects of training are using a stationary !ike,stair clim!er, rowing machine and other gym e$uipment. 2eight training should also !e includedwith focus on your !ack and shoulders as well as your $uadriceps and hamstrings, which areimportant muscles for clim!ing.

3lim!ing hills, stairs and stadium steps while carrying a !ackpack is an ideal trainingtechni$ue. Stretching is also important. Stretch your fingers, el!ows and shoulders !ecause theywill !e holding ropes and pounding ice axes in the ice in cold free;ing conditions. & great way tocondition your legs is !y doing s$uats. %his is to strengthen your legs and improve yourendurance on the mountain. &nother way is to work on your gluteus muscles and calves !y doing

leg presses and push-ups.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on the training needed for mountain climbing .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

As $ountaineering is a physi&ally de$anding sport- our physi&al &onditioning

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Exercise 14 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

%o live a healthy life is to exercise and eat healthily. 6ating the right kind of food makesus healthier. 2e should eat more grains, fruits and vegeta!les. Such food gives us the

car!ohydrates for energy !esides vitamins and fi!re. Instead of eating too much cake, we shouldeat !read such as whole-wheat !read and pita !read.

"n the other hand, we should cut down or even avoid fatty and oily food. If we have ameal with a higher amount of fat, like lam! chop at dinner, we should choose lower fat food atother meals. "ily food like French fries should !e eaten only once in a while.

6xercise is necessary to !e fit. It !uilds up our muscles and strengthens our heart andlungs. & person who exercises tends to have a longer life than one who does not. "f course, likeanything else, we cannot overdo it. Sleep is as important as food. "ur !odies and minds need torest at the end of the day .

'ecreation is #ust as important to relieve our stress from our daily work and pro!lems.2e need to do some activities for fun and entertainment. *y eating healthily, exercising, getting

enough sleep and recreation, we can live a healthy life.

'ewrite the passage a!ove on how to live a healthy life .

in not more than 60 words including the () words given !elow in continuous writing form in ONE paragraph in your own words as far as possi!le

*egin as follows+

#i"ing a healthy life requires e)er&ise and healthy eating

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Exercise 15 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

If well planned and prepared, mountain clim!ing is exciting, challenging and satisfying.eople clim! for many reasons. Some clim! to !e the !est9 may!e even set records. In many

ways, clim!ing provides an escape from our stressful lives.%he

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Exercise 16 . Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

2hen finding one8s way out of the #ungle, trek with the @#ungle eye8. %his means that youshould not only concentrate on the !ushes and trees immediately in front of you. 0ou must focuson the #ungle further out and find natural !reaks in the foliage. Aook through the #ungle. Stop andstoop down occasionally to look along the #ungle floor. %his may reveal animal trails that youcan follow.

Stay alert and move slowly and steadily through the #ungle. Stop periodically to listenand take your !earings. Use a machete to cut through dense vegetation !ut do not cutunnecessarily or you will $uickly wear yourself out. In using a machete, stroke upward whencutting vines to reduce noise !ecause sound carries over a long distance in the #ungle.

Use a stick to part the vegetation. %his will also help dislodge !iting ants, spiders orsnakes. Many #ungle and forest animals follow animal trails. %hese trails wind and cross !ut theyoften lead to water or clearings. Using these trails will lead you to find a way out.

2rite a summary on how to find the way out of a !ungle if you are lost .

0our summary must+

not be more than 60 words% including the () words given !elow !e in continuous writing not note form/ !e written in ONE paragraph

Use your own words as far as possi!le without changing the original meaning.

*egin your summary as follows+

Trek by looking along the ungle floor to spot ani$al

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&NS'E(S

Exercise 1

Many students do not take their studies seriously. %hey do not have to work and studylike their parents did. Some study to o!lige their parents. "wing to such !ad attitude, they do notread or understand their !ooks. Moreover, many depend too much on their teachers and tutors for notes and examination $uestions and answers.

words/

Exercise 2

2e take good care of our teeth with daily !rushing and flossing. 4ood nutrition is criticalfor healthy teeth and gums. 2e must see a dentist if our gums !leed. 6ating !alanced meals isimportant. 'egular checkups prevent dental pro!lems. So, good eating ha!its, regular and proper

!rushing and dental check-ups keep our teeth healthy till our old age.

7 words/

Exercise 3

0ou have to find out the details of the cave from people who have !een there. repare thee$uipment in advance. *ring along enough food and appropriate e$uipment. 2ear appropriateshoes and clothes. :ave a !ackpack for the gear and food. 5ever enter a cave alone. 1o notsmoke inside the cave. 'espect the life there. Aeave it clean.

7 words/ Exercise 4

& tattoo, made !y the in#ection of coloured pigments, was widespread during oldentimes . Many tattoo-like marks are seen in cave paintings. &t first% tattooing was an e)pensive

process. %herefore, it was a mark of wealth. Aater, it became cheaper and faster with theelectric needle* 2omen make up more than half the tattooed population. +oday% tattoo can be

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removed*

) words/

Exercise 5

6ating disorders arise from low self-esteem, depression and an ina!ility to cope withemotions. %he three types are anorexia nervosa, !ulimia nervosa and compulsive overeating.&norexia is the restriction of food and the refusal to maintain normal !ody weight. & personsuffering from !ulimia stops eating for long periods. %hese illnesses can cause death.3ompulsive eaters use food as a relief for stress.

? words/

Exercise 6

:eart disease, the num!er one killer in Malaysia today, is due to our modern lifestyle anddietary ha!its. More young people in their thirties and early forties die of heart attacks. 1octorsrecommend healthy living to reduce the risk of heart attacks. 5o smoking, eat !alanced meals,exercise and take up recreation to relieve stress.

words/

Exercise 7

2hen camping, choose a safe and dry campsite. Familiarise yourself with thesurroundings. Use a sleeping !ag and pad to protect yourself from the cold ground. *ring enoughfood and water to last the trip. Make sure that all water is !oiled. *uild your fire away from thetent. Make sure the fire is completely put out !efore you leave.

) words/

Exercise 8

Smoking is !ad for the !ody and health. It causes coughing and even lung cancer.%o!acco contains nicotine which is addictive. &nyone who starts smoking is likely to !ecome

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addicted. Measures taken to cur! smoking are !anning the advertising of cigarettes on the massmedia, no sponsoring of school sports !y to!acco companies and !anning smoking in pu!lic

places.

7 words/

Exercise 9

:a;e is caused !y open !urning, uncontrolled !urning of forests and gas discharges fromfactories. It occurs in cities with many factories and vehicles. "pen !urning in neigh!ouring

countries caused a !ad ha;e last year. %he open !urning in

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7 words/

Exercise 13

&s mountaineering is a physically demanding sport, our physical conditioning is veryimportant. So, we should undergo rigorous training. %his includes running, cycling, clim!ing and

rowing. 2eight training should focus on the !ack and shoulders. Stretching the fingers, el!owsand shoulders helps a lot. Aeg exercises strengthen our legs and improve our endurance on themountain.

words/

Exercise 14

Aiving a healthy life re$uires exercise and healthy eating ha!its. 2e should eat moregrains, fruits and vegeta!les for their nutrients and cut down on oily food. 6xercise !uilds ourmuscles and strengthens our heart and lungs. Sleep and recreation are needed to rest our !odiesand minds and relieve our stress from our daily work and pro!lems.

B words/

Exercise 15

Many people visit

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