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Concept Map

Understanding

Physics

ScientificInvestigation

Physical

Quantities

Measurement

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONTOTO

PHYSICSPHYSICS

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Understanding Physics

Physics is a branch of scientific which studies physical

and natural phenomena around us.

Example«?

µPhysikos¶ (Greek) - nature

1.1

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Understanding Physics

Measurement Optic Force/Motion Electronic

 Astronomy Wave Nuclear Heat

1.1

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Understanding Physics

Observation1

Experiment2

Theory3

Investigation4

 Application5

Use the sense to feel the daily phenomenon

Perform an experiment to study the required

characteristic of the phenomenon

Suggest measurement for the theory and modify

it if necessary

Suggest the cause of the phenomenon studiedthrough the experiment

Invention of technology based on the theories

of physics

1.1

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Understanding Physics

Science

Process SkillManipulative

Skill

Explanation?

Example?

Explanation?

Example?

1.1

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Understanding Physics

Ok guys«.

What your ambition«? Engineerin

g

Researcher 

Education

Industry

1.1

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Base & Derived Quantities

Temperature Mass

24 °C 2.0 kg

Physical quantities

Magnitude

Unit

1.2

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Base & Derived Quantities

1.2

-physical quantity which can¶t be defined in term of other physical quantities

Base quantity Symbol SI unit Symbol of unit

Length l  metre m

Mass m kilogram kg

Time t  second s

Temperature T  kelvin K

Current I  ampere A

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Base & Derived Quantities

Prefix SymbolMultiplication

factor 

Tera T x 10

Giga G x 10

Mega M x 10

Kilo k x 10

Deci d x 10

1.2

-used to represent physical quantities which are ver y big or ver y small in SI unit

Prefix SymbolMultiplication

factor 

Centi c x 10

Mili m x 10

Micro x 10

Nano n x 10

Pico p x 10

12

9

6

3

-1

-2

-3

-6

-9

-12

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Base & Derived Quantities

1.2

- standard form to represent data/value as neat, short and easily compared

n A 10vWhere 1 < A < 10 and n is +ve/-ve integer 

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Base & Derived Quantities

1.2

Prefix Base unit

x multiplication factor 

÷ multiplication factor 

1000 km = 1000 x 10 m3

prefix Multiplication factor 

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Base & Derived Quantities

1.2

-produced from combination of base quantities either multiplication/division/both

 Area ( A) Volume (V )

l 

l 

 Area ( A) = length x length

= m x m

= m2

Volume (V ) = length x length x length

= m x m x m

= m 3

l 

l 

l 

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Base & Derived Quantities

1.2

Speed (v ) Work (W )

distance

time

= m s

Force x Distance

= kg m s x m

= N m @ Joule (J)-1

-1

Density ( V)

 Acceleration (a)

Force (F )

Momentum ( p)

Pressure (P )

etc«

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Scalar & Vector Quantities1.3

 A B

C

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Scalar & Vector Quantities1.3

Two guys want to go the µMenara Condong¶ with different

way. The guy with bicycle go through from point A to point

B and lastly to point C. The another guy use the short cut

that from point A to point C. Can you find the difference

between them?

Distance?Displacement?

Speed? Velocity?

Scalar quantity? Vector quantity?16

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Scalar & Vector Quantities1.3

SCALAR ± magnitude only

How about«.

VECTOR ± magnitude + direction

Force?

Gravity attraction?

Mass?

Weight?

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Measurement1.4

Estimation of 

dimension

Estimation of 

dimension

Measuring

instrument

Vernier 

callipers

Micrometer screw

gauge

Precision«accuracy«sensitivity

Method of error reduction

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Measurement1.4

Practical work in

Physics

Measurement

Suitable

instrument

No Suitable

instrument

estimation

Big valueSmall value

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Measurement

(estimation)

1.4

Determination of a Small Value by Using a Big Sample

paper of pieces

paper of piecesof thickness

n

n

Thickness of a piece of paper  Volume of a drop of water 

water of drops

water of dropsof olume

n

n

coilwireof num ers

len th(

n

N

Diameter of wire

eariaof m er 

e t

n

N

Diameter of a bell bearing

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Measurement

(estimation)

1.4

Determination of a Big Value by Using a Small Sample

 Ll 

h H 

l 

h

 L

 H 

v!@

!!Utan

Height of a building

Hh

l 

L

 U

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Measurement

(measuring instruments)

1.4

Vernier Callipers Micrometer Screw Gauge

Main scale

Inner 

 jaws

Outer 

 jaws

Spindle

Thimble

Rachet

Main scale

Vernier 

scale

Vernier scale

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Measurement

(measuring instruments)

1.4

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Measurement

(accuracy, consistency & sensitivity)

1.4

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Measurement

(accuracy, consistency & sensitivity)

1.4

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Measurement

(types of error)

1.4

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Measurement

(types of error)

1.4

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

ObservationIdentify a

problemInference Hypothesis

Carry out

experiment

Measurement &

Collect data Analyze Data

Conclusion

Proved?

Failed?Suggest new

hypothesis

Theory /

Principle

make formulate

make

several time

St e p i n a sci ent ific met hod 28

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

Simple Pendulum30

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

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 Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5

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