Facade Design

8/8/2019 Facade Design

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Facadedesign

Case studies

Building fabric

Role of the external wall Single skin faade

Unitised system Stick system Semi unitised system

Double skin faade

Box window faade Shaft box faade Corridor faade Multi storey faade

Local case studies Mesiniaga

Klcc Menara TA One Plaza atrium

International case study Abu Dhabi tower


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Case studies

BUILDING FABRIC

-Fabric design is amajor factor indetermining the amountof energy a building willuse in its operation.

-If the activity andequipment inside thebuilding generate asignificant amount ofheat, the thermal loadsmay be primarily internal(from people and

equipment) rather thanexternal (from the sun).


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Case studies

ROLE OF EXTERNAL WALL

CONTRIBUTE TO THE REDUCTION IN ENERGYCONSUMPTION

REDUCE DIRECT AND REFLECTED GLARE

MINIMISATION OF WATER PENETRATION ANDCONDENSATION

PROVISION CHOICE OF COLOURS ,TEXTURES ANDFINISHES

MINIMISATION OF LOADING ON THE STRUCTURAL FRAME

MINIMISATION OF MAINTAINANCE REQUIREMENTS


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Case studies

Single skin system

Stick system

-vertical and horizontal system are delivered to the site

-allowing varying degrees in the main structure-externally, appearance of one grid like framework


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Case studies

Single skin system

Unitised system

-pre-assembled in the factory

-reduced construction time on site

-it can producing a four sided structurally-glazed unit

-enables the envelope the appear frameless glass


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Single skin system

Semi-Unitised system

-combination of stick and unitised system

-differences between the previous system:-components are delivered in vertical and horizontal

-glass,pre- glazed in the factory

-erection time is longer and the system can control problems

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Case studies Facade design

DOUBLE SKIN FACADES

The outer faade layer provides:

Protection against weather

Acoustic insulation against external noise

Ventilation of intermediate space and internal rooms

Type of Double-skin Facades:

Box window facades

Shaft-box facades

Corridor facades

Multi-storey facades


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This type of faade is suited for solidfacades with punched openings wheregreater importance is attached to privacybetween rooms and high external noiselevel

Box window facade


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Box window facadeHigh-rise block, Potsdamer Platz 1, Berlin

Interior of Potsdamer Platz 1, Berlin

Exterior of Potsdamer Platz 1, Berlin


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Shaft-box facade

It consist of a system of box windows withcontinuous vertical shaft that extendsover a number of stories to create a stackeffect.

This faade layout consists of analternation of box windows and verticalshaft segments.

As shaft box facades require small size ofthe external openings, where particularlyhigh levels of external sound insulation

are required.


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Shaft-box facadeARAG 2000 Tower, Dusseldorf

View of faade for ARAG 2000 building. Theshafts occupy single bays between pairs of boxwindows.

View along intermediate space between faadepayers. In every 3rd bay, there is an extractshaft, which is open at the top.


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Corridor facade

Corridor facades are especiallyeffective with regard toventilation; on the other hand,they limit the sound insulationbetween rooms.

They are usually laid out instaggered form from bay tobay to prevent vitiated airextracted on one floor enteringthe space on the floorimmediately above.


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Corridor facadeDusseldorf City Gate

South face ofCity Gate in Dusseldorf,

with the entrance to the Rhineembankment tunnel beneath

View along faade corridor in City Gate. The

staggered air-intake and extract gratings can beseen in the floor and soffit


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Multi-storey facades

It is commonly used where it is not possibleto do without a mechanical form ofventilation or where a glazed facadeswithout openings is required.

Also when the external noise are extremelyhigh.

Section through Victoria Ensemble, Colonge. Airstreams into intermideate space via a trench aythe foot of the faade, ascends over the height

of the building and is emitted at roof level.


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Multi-storey facadesVictoria Ensemble, Cologne

The use of multi-storey faade remove the need foropenings distributed over the entire height of the building.

The internal rooms are mechanicallyventilated, it was possible to positionthe sunblind close to the internal skin.


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Local Case Studies

Petronas Twin Tower Mesiniaga Menara TA One

Plaza atrium


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PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

OFFICIAL NAME : Petronas Twin Tower

LOCATION : Kuala LumpurHEIGHT : 452 m

FLOORS : 88 Storeys

BUILDING USES : Commercial and Offices

FACTS

World tallest building 1998-2004, thatpreceded Sears Tower and surpassedby Taipei 101

Constructed largely of reinforcedconcrete, with a steel and glass faade

The floor plan design, featuring a simple

use of geometrical patterns andexpressing the dominance of Islamicculture and art in Malaysia


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Stainless-steel sunshades to diffuse theintense equatorial light to minimize the heatand glare entering the building

Reflect the play of light and shadow,expressing the tropical environment.

Reduce heat gain from the sunlight andultraviolet (UV) transmission by using tintedlaminated glass.

The use of modern materials, stainless-steelcladding to create a sense of climaticresponsiveness.

The cladding of the towers, combining linen-finish stainless steel and projectingsunshades to give the towers a rich sense of

depth and texture.

The shaded windows with deep overhangs,which respond to the tropical climate.

Petronas Twin Tower


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MESINIAGA

OFFICIAL NAME : Menara Mesiniaga

LOCATION : Subang Jaya, SelangorFLOORS : 15 Storeys

BUILDING USES : Regional Headquarter forIBM agency

FACTS

Designed by Ken Yeang

The most strking design feature is theplanting that is introduced to the faadeand skycourts, starting from a 3 storeyhigh plated mound (berm) and sprailling

Lift lobbies are naturally ventilated and

are sun-lit with view outside


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Aluminum fins and louvers as sunshading

All windows facing east and westhave external louvers as solarshading to reduce heat gain into theinternal space

The windows without direct solarinsolation (north and south) haveunshielded curtain walled glazing

for good views and to maximizenatural lighting.

Full height glass fronts givepartitioned offices access to views

The interstitial spaces giveaesthetic and architecturalexpression to the building

Mesiniaga Tower


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Case studies

MENARA BUDAYA,KUALA LUMPUR.

OFFICIAL NAME : MENARA TA ONELOCATION : JALAN LAW YEWSWEE

HEIGHT : 151 m (495 ft)FLOORS : 37 STOREYSBUILDING USES : OFFICE

FACTS-MENARA BUDAYA OCCUPIES ANARROW RECTUNGULAR SITE

-THE SERVICE CORE,WHICH CONSISTOF THE LIFT LOBBY,TOILETS,FIRESTAIRS,AND MECHANICAL ANDELECTRICAL (M&E) ROOMS,ISLOCATEDON THE EAST SIDE OF THESTRUCTURE

-IT ACTS AS A BARRIERSHIELD,KEEPING THE MORNING SUNOUT OF THE OFFICES AND ALLOWINGNATURAL LIGHTING INTO THE COREAREAS


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Case studies

FAADE OF THE BUILDING

ROOF TOP LEVEL : COMMUNAL SPACEAND THE TENSILE STRUCTURE ACTS ASENTERTAINMENT AREA

THE EXTERNAL SKIN IS GLAZED WITHTEMPERED FLOAT GLASS

VARIETY OF SUN SHADING DEVICES ON

THE WEST AND SOUTH FACING FACADES.ADVANTAGES OF TEMPERED FLOAT GLASS

-HAS 3 TIMES THE RESISTANCE TO RAPIDTEMPERATURE CHANGES.

-ALSO CLASSIFIED AS A `SAFETY GLASS`

-COMBINED WITH TINTED &REFLECTIVEGLASS,PRODUCE HIGH LEVEL OF PERFORMANCEFOR THERMAL STRESS,THERMAL AND LIGHT

TRANSMISSION.

DISADVANTAGES

-FULLY TEMPERED GLASS COMPOSITION MAYCAUSE SPONTANEOUS BREAKAGE.

-BECOMES A HAZARD TO ANYONE OR ANYTHINGAT GROUND LEVEL.


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Case studies Core design

:

PLAZA ATRIUM,KUALALUMPUR

OFFICIAL NAME : PLAZA ATRIUMFLOORS : 22 STOREYBUILDING USES : OFFICE & COMPLEXCONCEPT : RESPONSIVE FORM

FOR TROPICALHIGH RISEBUILDINGS.

MAIN FEATURE : EXTERNAL ATRIUMACTS ASTRADITONAL SPACEWITH STEPPED BACKTERRACES.


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Case studies

VENTILATED ATRIUM-ACTS AS WIND SCOOP-ALSO ACTS AS TRANSITIONAL SPACE.

TINTED GLASS OR HEAT ABSORBING GLASS-ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SUN AND STILLPERMITTING THE A HIGH LEVEL OF LIGHTPENETRATION AND MINIMISING EXCESSGLARE.

-MORE DARKER THE TINT OF THE GLASS,LESS HEAT IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE

PANEL (GIVING LOWER TEMPERATUREINTERNALLY)

DISADVANTAGES-REDUCED LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE WITHSOME COLOURS

-COLOUR BECOMES DARKER AS GLASSBECOMES THICKER

-WHEN BROKEN,IT CRACKS INTO LARGEPIECES .


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International Case Study

Chamber of Commerce, AbuDhabi


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Case studies

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,ABU DHABI,UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.

OFFICIAL NAME : ABU DHABI TOWERLOCATION : ALONG THE ARABIAN GULFFLOORS : 36 STOREYBUILDING USES : OFFICEAIM : -ESTABLISHING A VISUAL

PERCEPTION

-RECOGNITION ASARCHITECTURALLANDMARK

-DRAMATIC LIGHTINGEFFECT WILL REINFORECETHIS CONCEPT.


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Case studies

THE EXTERNAL SKIN IS GLAZED WITH HEATREFLECTIVE GLASS EITHER COATED ORLAMINATED BY MEANS ADHESIVE FILM.

ADVANTAGES-REDUCED EXCESS GLARE

-REFLECT SOLAR RADIATION AWAY FROMBUILDING

DISADVANTAGES-MAY CAUSE `HEAT POLLUTION` OFNEIGHBOURING BUILDINGS

-GLARE ( MOTORISTS VISION MAY BE AFFECTED


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Facade Design

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