Factories Act, 1948

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FactoriesAct,1948

PageContents[hide]

1.SHORTTITLE,EXTENTANDCOMMENCEMENT.2.INTERPRETATION.3.REFERENCESTOTIMEOFDAY.4.POWERTODECLAREDIFFERENTDEPARTMENTSTOBESEPARATEFACTORIESORTWOORMOREFACTORIESTOBEASINGLEFACTORY.5.POWERTOEXEMPTDURINGPUBLICEMERGENCY.6.APPROVAL,LICENSINGANDREGISTRATIONOFFACTORIES.7.NOTICEBYOCCUPIER.7A.GENERALDUTIESOFTHEOCCUPIER.



7B.GENERALDUTIESOFMANUFACTURERS,ETC.,ASREGARDSARTICLESANDSUBSTANCESFORUSEINFACTORIES.8.INSPECTORS.9.POWERSOFINSPECTORS.10CERTIFYINGSURGEONS.11.CLEANLINESS.12.DISPOSALOFWASTESANDEFFLUENTS.13.VENTILATIONANDTEMPERATURE.14.DUSTANDFUME.15.ARTIFICIALHUMIDIFICATION.16.OVERCROWDING.17.LIGHTING.18.DRINKINGWATER.19.LATRINESANDURINALS.20.SPITTOONS.21.FENCINGOFMACHINERY.22.WORKONORNEARMACHINERYINMOTION.23.EMPLOYMENTOFYOUNGPERSONSONDANGEROUSMACHINES.24.STRIKINGGEARANDDEVICESFORCUTTINGOFFPOWER.25.SELFACTINGMACHINES.26.CASINGOFNEWMACHINERY.27.PROHIBITIONOFEMPLOYMENTOFWOMENANDCHILDRENNEARCOTTONOPENERS.28.HOISTSANDLIFTS.29.LIFTINGMACHINES,CHAINS,ROPESANDLIFTINGTACKLES.30.REVOLVINGMACHINERY.31.PRESSUREPLANT.32.FLOORS,STAIRSANDMEANSOFACCESS.33.PITS,SUMPS,OPENINGSINFLOORS,ETC.34.EXCESSIVEWEIGHTS.35.PROTECTIONOFEYES.36.PRECAUTIONSAGAINSTDANGEROUSFUMES,GASES,ETC.36A.PRECAUTIONSREGARDINGTHEUSEOFPORTABLEELECTRICLIGHT.37.EXPLOSIVEORINFLAMMABLEDUST,GAS,ETC.38.PRECAUTIONSINCASEOFFIRE.39.POWERTOREQUIRESPECIFICATIONSOFDEFECTIVEPARTSORTESTSOFSTABILITY.40.SAFETYOFBUILDINGSANDMACHINERY.40A.MAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGS.40B.SAFETYOFFICERS.41POWERTOMAKERULETOSUPPLEMENTTHISCHAPTER.41A.CONSTITUTIONOFSITEAPPRAISALCOMMITTEES.41B.COMPULSORYDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATIONBYTHEOCCUPIER.41C.SPECIFICRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEOCCUPIERINRELATIONTOHAZARDOUSPROCESSES.41D.POWEROFCENTRALGOVERNMENTTOAPPOINTINQUIRYCOMMITTEE.41E.EMERGENCYSTANDARDS.41F.PERMISSIBLELIMITSOFEXPOSUREOFCHEMICALANDTOXICSUBSTANCES.41G.WORKERSPARTICIPATIONINSAFETYMANAGEMENT.41H.RIGHTOFWORKERSTOWARNABOUTIMMINENTDANGER.42.WASHINGFACILITIES.43.FACILITIESFORSTORINGANDDRYINGCLOTHING.44.FACILITIESFORSITTING.



45.FIRSTAIDAPPLIANCES.46.CANTEENS.47.SHELTERS,RESTROOMSANDLUNCHROOMS.48.CRECHES.49.WELFAREOFFICERS.50.POWERTOMAKERULESTOSUPPLEMENTTHISCHAPTER.51.WEEKLYHOURS.52.WEEKLYHOLIDAYS.53.COMPENSATORYHOLIDAYS.54.DAILYHOURS.55.INTERVALSFORREST.56.SPREADOVER.57.NIGHTSHIFTS.58.PROHIBITIONOFOVERLAPPINGSHIFTS.59.EXTRAWAGESFOROVERTIME.60.RESTRICTIONONDOUBLEEMPLOYMENT.61.NOTICEOFPERIODSOFWORKFORADULTS.62.REGISTEROFADULTWORKERS.63.HOURSOFWORKTOCORRESPONDWITHNOTICEUNDERSECTION61ANDREGISTERUNDERSECTION62.64.POWERTOMAKEEXEMPTINGRULES.65.POWERTOMAKEEXEMPTINGORDERS.66.FURTHERRESTRICTIONSONEMPLOYMENTOFWOMEN.67.PROHIBITIONOFEMPLOYMENTOFYOUNGCHILDREN.68.NONADULTWORKERSTOCARRYTOKENS.69.CERTIFICATESOFFITNESS.70.EFFECTOFCERTIFICATEOFFITNESSGRANTEDTOADOLESCENT.71.WORKINGHOURSFORCHILDREN.72.NOTICEOFPERIODSOFWORKFORCHILDREN.73.REGISTEROFCHILDWORKERS.74.HOURSOFWORKTOCORRESPONDWITHNOTICEUNDERSECTION72ANDREGISTERUNDERSECTION73.75.POWERTOREQUIREMEDICALEXAMINATION.76.POWERTOMAKERULES.77.CERTAINOTHERPROVISIONSOFLAWNOTBARRED.78.APPLICATIONOFCHAPTER.79.ANNUALLEAVEWITHWAGES.80.WAGESDURINGLEAVEPERIOD.81.PAYMENTINADVANCEINCERTAINCASES.82.MODEOFRECOVERYOFUNPAIDWAGES.83.POWERTOMAKERULES.84.POWERSTOEXEMPTFACTORIES.85.POWERTOAPPLYTHEACTTOCERTAINPREMISES.86.POWERTOEXEMPTPUBLICINSTITUTIONS.87.DANGEROUSOPERATIONS.87A.POWERTOPROHIBITEMPLOYMENTONACCOUNTOFSERIOUSHAZARD.88.NOTICEOFCERTAINACCIDENTS.88A.NOTICEOFCERTAINDANGEROUSOCCURRENCES.89.NOTICEOFCERTAINDISEASES.90.POWERTODIRECTENQUIRYINTOCASESOFACCIDENTORDISEASE.91.POWERTOTAKESAMPLES.91A.SAFETYANDOCCUPATIONALHEALTHSURVEYS.92.GENERALPENALTYFOROFFENCES.93.LIABILITYOFOWNEROFPREMISESINCERTAINCIRCUMSTANCES.



94.ENHANCEDPENALTYAFTERPREVIOUSCONVICTION.95.PENALTYFOROBSTRUCTINGINSPECTOR.96.PENALTYFORWRONGFULLYDISCLOSINGRESULTSOFANALYSISUNDERSECTION91.96A.PENALTYFORCONTRAVENTIONOFTHEPROVISIONSOFSECTIONS41B,41CAND41H.97.OFFENCESBYWORKERS.98.PENALTYFORUSINGFALSECERTIFICATEOFFITNESS.99.PENALTYFORPERMITTINGDOUBLEEMPLOYMENTOFCHILD.100.DETENTIONOFOCCUPIERINCERTAINCASES.101.EXEMPTIONOFOCCUPIERORMANAGERFROMLIABILITYINCERTAINCASES.102.POWEROFCOURTTOMAKEORDERS.103.PRESUMPTIONASTOEMPLOYMENT.104.ONUSASTOAGE.104A.ONUSOFPROVINGLIMITSOFWHATISPRACTICABLE,ETC.105.COGNIZANCEOFOFFENCES.106.LIMITATIONOFPROSECUTIONS.106A.JURISDICTIONOFACOURTFORENTERTAININGPROCEEDINGS,ETC.,FOROFFENCE.107.APPEALS.108.DISPLAYOFNOTICES.109.SERVICEOFNOTICE.110.RETURNS.111.OBLIGATIONSOFWORKERS.111A.RIGHTOFWORKERS,ETC.112.GENERALPOWERTOMAKERULES.113.POWERSOFCENTRETOGIVEDIRECTIONS.114.NOCHARGEFORFACILITIESANDCONVENIENCES.115.PUBLICATIONOFRULES.116.APPLICATIONOFACTTOGOVERNMENTFACTORIES.117.PROTECTIONTOPERSONSACTINGUNDERTHISACT.118.RESTRICTIONONDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATION.118A.RESTRICTIONONDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATION.119.ACTTOHAVEEFFECTNOTWITHSTANDINGANYTHINGCONTAINEDINACT37OF1970.120.REPEALANDSAVINGS.ScheduleISchedule.IIScheduleIII

1.SHORTTITLE,EXTENTANDCOMMENCEMENT.

(1)ThisActmaybecalledtheFactoriesAct,1948.

1[(2)ItextendstothewholeofIndia2[***].]

(3)Itshallcomeintoforceonthe1stdayofApril1949.

comments

TheFactoriesActismeanttoprovideprotectiontotheworkersfrombeingexploitedbythegreedybusiness establishments and it alsoprovides for the improvement ofworking conditionswithin the



factory premises. Hence, a beneficial construction should be given and the provisions of the Actshouldbesoconstrued/interpretedsoastoachieveitsobject,i.e.,thewelfareoftheworkersandtheirprotectionfromexploitationandunhygienicworkingconditionsinthefactorypremisesRaviShankarSharmav.StateofRajasthan,AIR1993Raj117.

1.Subs.bytheA.O.1950,forsubsection(2).

2.ThewordsexcepttheStateofJammuandKashmiromittedbyAct51of1970,sec.2andSch.(w.e.f.191971).

2.INTERPRETATION.

InthisAct,unlessthereisanythingrepugnantinthesubjectorcontext,

(a)adultmeansapersonwhohascompletedhiseighteenthyearofage

(b)adolescentmeansapersonwhohascompletedhisfifteenthyearofagebuthasnotcompletedhiseighteenthyear

1[(bb)calendaryearmeanstheperiodoftwelvemonthsbeginningwiththefirstdayofJanuaryinanyyear]

(c)childmeansapersonwhohasnotcompletedhisfifteenthyearofage

2[(ca)competentperson, inrelationtoanyprovisionof thisAct,meansapersonoraninstitutionrecognised as such by theChief Inspector for the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations andinspectionsrequiredtobedoneinafactoryundertheprovisionsofthisActhavingregardto

(i)thequalificationsandexperienceofthepersonandfacilitiesavailableathisdisposalor

(ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in such institution and facilitiesavailable therein,with regard to the conductof such tests, examinations and inspections, andmorethanonepersonorinstitutioncanberecognisedasacompetentpersoninrelationtoafactory

(cb)hazardousprocessmeansanyprocessoractivityinrelationtoanindustryspecifiedintheFirstSchedulewhere,unlessspecialcareistaken,rawmaterialsusedthereinortheintermediateorfinishedproducts,byeproducts,wastesoreffluentsthereofwould

(i)causematerialimpairmenttothehealthofthepersonsengagedinorconnectedtherewith,or

(ii)resultinthepollutionofthegeneralenvironment:

Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the FirstSchedulebywayofaddition,omissionorvariationofanyindustryspecifiedinthesaidSchedule]

(d)youngpersonmeansapersonwhoiseitherachildoranadolescent

(e)daymeansaperiodoftwentyfourhoursbeginningatmidnight

(f)weekmeansaperiodofsevendaysbeginningatmidnightonSaturdaynightorsuchothernightasmaybeapprovedinwritingforaparticularareabytheChiefInspectorofFactories

(g)powermeanselectricalenergyoranyotherformofenergywhichismechanicallytransmitted



andisnotgeneratedbyhumanoranimalagency

(h)primemovermeansanyengine,motororotherappliancewhichgeneratesorotherwiseprovidespower

(i) transmission machinery means any shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of pulleys, coupling,clutch,drivingbeltorotherapplianceordevicebywhichthemotionofaprimemoveristransmittedtoorreceivedbyanymachineryorappliance

(j) machinery includes prime movers, transmission machinery and all other appliances wherebypowerisgenerated,transformed,transmittedorapplied

(k)manufacturingprocessmeansanyprocessfor

(i)making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling,washing, cleaning, breakingup,demolishing,orotherwisetreatingoradaptinganyarticleorsubstancewithaviewtoitsuse,sale,transport,deliveryordisposal,

3[(ii)pumpingoil,water,sewageoranyothersubstanceor]

(iii)generating,transformingortransmittingpoweror

4[(iv)composingtypesforprinting,printingbyletterpress,lithography,photogravureorothersimilarprocessorbookbinding]5[or]

(v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or vessels 5[or]5[(vi)preservingorstoringanyarticleincoldstorage]

l) worker means a person 6[employed, directly or by or through any agency (including acontractor)with orwithout the knowledge of the principal employer,whether for remuneration ornot], inanymanufacturingprocess,or incleaninganypartof themachineryorpremisesusedforamanufacturing process, or in any other kind of work incidental to, or connected with, themanufacturing process, or the subject of the manufacturing process 5[but does not include anymemberofthearmedforcesoftheUnion]

(m)factorymeansanypremisesincludingtheprecinctsthereof

(i)whereontenormoreworkersareworking,orwereworkingonanydayof thepreceding twelvemonths,andinanypartofwhichamanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedonwiththeaidofpower,orisordinarilysocarriedon,or

(ii) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the precedingtwelvemonths,andinanypartofwhichamanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedonwithouttheaidofpower,orisordinarilysocarriedon,

butdoesnot includeaminesubject to theoperationof7[theMinesAct,1952(35of1952)],or8[amobileunitbelongingtothearmedforcesoftheUnion,railwayrunningshedorahotel,restaurantoreatingplace].

5[Explanation 9[I].For computing the number of workers for the purposes of this clause all theworkersin10[differentgroupsandrelays]inadayshallbetakenintoaccount]

11[ExplanationII.Forthepurposesofthisclause,themerefactthatanElectronicDataProcessing



UnitoraComputerUnitisinstalledinanypremisesorpartthereof,shallnotbeconstruedtomakeitafactoryifnomanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedoninsuchpremisesorpartthereof]

(n) occupier of a factory means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of thefactory12[***].

13[Providedthat

(i) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, any one of the individual partners ormembersthereofshallbedeemedtobetheoccupier

(ii)inthecaseofacompany,anyoneofthedirectorsshallbedeemedtobetheoccupier

(iii)inthecaseofafactoryownedorcontrolledbytheCentralGovernmentoranyStateGovernment,or any local authority, the personor persons appointed tomanage the affairs of the factory by theCentralGovernment,theStateGovernmentorthelocalauthority,asthecasemaybe,shallbedeemedtobetheoccupier:]

13[14[Providedfurther that] in thecaseofashipwhich isbeingrepaired,oronwhichmaintenanceworkisbeingcarriedout,inadrydockwhichisavailableforhire,

(1)theownerofthedockshallbedeemedtobetheoccupierforthepurposesofanymatterprovidedforbyorunder:

(a)section6,section7,13[section7A,section7B,]section11orsection12

(b) section 17, in so far as it relates to the providing and maintenance of sufficient and suitablelightinginoraroundthedock

(c)section18,section19,section42,section46,section47orsection49,inrelationtotheworkersemployedonsuchrepairormaintenance

(2)theownerof theshiporhisagentormasterorotherofficerinchargeof theshiporanypersonwhocontractswithsuchowner,agentormasterorotherofficerinchargetocarryout therepairormaintenanceworkshallbedeemedtobetheoccupierforthepurposesofanymatterprovidedforbyorundersection13,section14,section16orsection17(saveasotherwiseprovidedinthisproviso)orChapter IV (except section 27) or section 43, section 44 or section 45, Chapter VI, Chapter VII,ChapterVIIIorChapterIXorsection108,section109orsection110,inrelationto

(a)theworkersemployeddirectlybyhim,orbyorthroughanyagencyand

(b)themachinery,plantorpremisesinuseforthepurposeofcarryingoutsuchrepairormaintenanceworkbysuchowner,agent,masterorotherofficerinchargeorperson]

15[***]

(o)prescribedmeansprescribedbyrulesmadebytheStateGovernmentunderthisAct

16[***]

(r) where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more sets of workers working duringdifferent periods of the day, each of such sets is called a 17[group or relay] and each of suchperiodsiscalledashift.



Comments

(i)Theestablishmentofhotelwouldnotfallforclassificationasafactoryundersection2(m)oftheActLalBovtaHotelAurBakeryMazdoorUnionv.RitzPrivateLtd.,2007(113)FLR568.

(ii)Thedefinitionofmanufacturingprocessdoesnotdependuponandisnotcorelatedwithanyendproduct beingmanufactured out of amanufacturing process. It includes even repair, finishing,oiling or cleaning process with view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal. It cannot berestricted to an activity which may result into manufacturing something or production of acommerciallydifferentarticle.ThemanufacturingprocesscannotbeinterpretedinanarrowsenseinrespectofanactwhichismeantforthepurposeconnectedwithsocialwelfareM/sQaziNoorulHasan Hamid Hussain Petrol Pump v. Deputy Director, Employees State Insurance Corporation,2003LLR476.

(iii)Inthecaseofacompany,whichownsafactory, it isonlyoneofthedirectorsofthecompanywhocanbenotifiedastheoccupierofthefactoryforthepurposesoftheActandthecompanycannotnominate any other employee to be the occupier of the factory under section 2(n) ContainerCorporationofIndiaLtd.v.Lt.GovernorDelhi,2002LLR1068:2003(98)FLR653.

(iv) Under section 2(m) Factorymeans any premises including the precincts thereof inwhich amanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedon

ExplanationIIofsection2(m)setsoutthatthemerefactthatanelectronicdataprocessingunitoracomputerunitisinstalledinanypremisesorpartthereofwouldnotrenderaunitintoafactoryifnomanufacturingprocessiscarriedoninsuchpremisesorpartthereof.SeelanRajv.Presidingofficer1stAdditionalLabourCourt,Chennai,2001LLR418

(v)Ithastobekeptinviewthatthedefinitionofmanufacturingprocessinsection2(k)ofActthehas nothing to do with manufacturing of goods which may attract excise duty under the CentralExcisesandSaltAct,1944LalMohammadv.IndianRailwayConstructionCo.Ltd.,AIR1999SC355.

(vi)All theworkersemployedbytheconstructioncompanywouldsquarelyattract thedefinitionofthe term workman as found in section 2(l) of theAct as they areworking for remuneration in amanufacturingprocesscarriedoutbytheprojectLalMohammadv.IndianRailwayConstructionCo.Ltd.,AIR1999SC355.

(vii) For the purpose of section 2(n)what is to be seen iswho has the ultimate control over theaffairsofthefactory.RelevantprovisionsregardingestablishmentoftheIndianOilCorporationLtd.,and its working, leave no doubt that the ultimate control over all the affairs of the Corporation,including opening and running of factories, is with the Central Government. Acting through thecorporationisonlyamethodemployedbytheCentralGovernmentforrunningitspetroleumindustry.Inthecontextofsection2(n)itwillhavetobeheldthatalltheactivitiesoftheCorporationarereallycarried on by the Central Government with a corporate mask Indian Oil Corporation v. LabourCommissioner,AIR1998SC2456.

(viii) Commercial establishment receiving the products in bulk and after unpacking such bulkproducts pack them according to the customers requirements and despatch such products tocustomers.Suchanactismanufacturingprocesswithinthemeaningofsection2(k)Parry&Co.Ltd.v.PresidingOfficer,IIAdditionalLabourCourt,Madras,(1998)ILLJ406.

1Ins.byAct25of1954,sec.2(w.e.f.751954)



2.Ins.byAct20of1987,sec.2(w.e.f.1121987).

3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.2,forsubclause(ii)(w.e.f.26101976).

4.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.2,forsubclause(iv)(w.e.f.751954).

5.Ins.byAct94of1976,sec.2,(w.e.f.26101976).

6.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.2,forcertainwords(w.e.f.26101976).

7.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.2,fortheIndianMinesAct,1923(4of1923).

8.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.2,forarailwayrunningshed(w.e.f.26101976).

9.ExplanationnumberedasExplanationIbyAct20of1987,sec.2(w.e.f.1121987).

10.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.2fordifferentrelays(w.e.f.1121987).


12.CertainwordsomittedbyAct20of1987,sec.2,(w.e.f.1121987).


14.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.2,forProvidedthat(w.e.f.1121987).

15.Clause(o)omittedbyAct20of1987,sec.2(w.e.f.1121987).

16.Clause(q)omittedbytheA.O.1950.

17Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.2,forrelay(w.e.f.1121987).

3.REFERENCESTOTIMEOFDAY.

In thisAct references to timeofdayare references to IndianStandardTime,being fiveandahalfhoursaheadofGreenwichMeanTime:

Provided that for any area in which Indian Standard Time is not ordinarily observed the StateGovernmentmaymakerules

(a)specifyingthearea,

(b)definingthelocalmeantimeordinarilyobservedtherein,and

(c)permittingsuchtimetobeobservedinalloranyofthefactoriessituatedinthearea.

4. POWER TO DECLARE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTSTO BE SEPARATE FACTORIES OR TWO OR MOREFACTORIESTOBEASINGLEFACTORY.

1[Power to declare different departments to be separate factories or twoormore factories to be asinglefactory.TheStateGovernmentmay,2[onitsownor]onanapplicationmadeinthisbehalfbyanoccupier,direct,byanorderinwriting2[andsubjecttosuchconditionsasitmaydeemfit],thatfor



alloranyof thepurposesof thisActdifferentdepartmentsorbranchesofafactoryof theoccupierspecifiedintheapplicationshallbetreatedasseparatefactoriesorthattwoormorefactoriesoftheoccupierspecifiedintheapplicationshallbetreatedasasinglefactory:]

3[ProvidedthatnoorderunderthissectionshallbemadebytheStateGovernmentonitsownmotionunlessanopportunityofbeingheardisgiventotheoccupier.]

1.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.3,forsection4(w.e.f.751954).


3.AddedbyAct20of1987,sec.3(w.e.f.1121987).

5.POWERTOEXEMPTDURINGPUBLICEMERGENCY.

InanycaseofpublicemergencytheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationin theOfficialGazette,exemptanyfactoryorclassordescriptionof factories fromalloranyof theprovisionsof thisAct1exceptsection67forsuchperiodandsubjecttosuchconditionsasitmaythinkfit:Providedthatnosuchnotificationshallbemadeforaperiodexceedingthreemonthsatatime.

2Explanation : For the purposes of this section public emergency means a grave emergencywherebythesecurityofIndiaorofanypartoftheterritorythereofisthreatened,whetherbywarorexternalaggressionorinternaldisturbance.

1.Ins.bytheA.O.1950.


6. APPROVAL, LICENSING AND REGISTRATION OFFACTORIES.

(1)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerules

1(a) requiring, for the purposes of thisAct, the submission of plans of any class or description offactoriestotheChiefInspectorortheStateGovernment

2(aa)requiring,thepreviouspermissioninwritingoftheStateGovernmentortheChiefInspectortobeobtainedforthesiteonwhichthefactoryistobesituatedandfortheconstructionorextensionofanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories

(b)requiringforthepurposeofconsideringapplicationsforsuchpermissionthesubmissionofplansandspecifications

(c)prescribingthenatureofsuchplansandspecificationsandbywhomtheyshallbecertified

(d) requiring the registrationand licensingof factoriesoranyclassordescriptionof factories,andprescribingthefeespayableforsuchregistrationandlicensingandfortherenewaloflicences

(e)requiringthatnolicenceshallbegrantedorrenewedunlessthenoticespecifiedinsection7has



beengiven.

(2)Ifonanapplicationforpermissionreferredtoin3clause(aa)ofsubsection(1)accompaniedbytheplansandspecificationsrequiredbytherulesmadeunderclause(b)ofthatsubsection,senttotheStateGovernmentorChief inspectorby registeredpost,noorder is communicated to theapplicantwithin three months from the date on which it is so sent, the permission applied for in the saidapplicationshallbedeemedtohavebeengranted.

(3) Where a State Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to grant permission to the site,constructionorextensionofa factoryor to the registrationand licensingofa factory, theapplicantmaywithin thirtydaysof thedateofsuchrefusalappeal to theCentralGovernment if thedecisionappealedfromwasoftheStateGovernmentandtotheStateGovernmentinanyothercase.

Explanation :A factory shall not be deemed to be extendedwithin themeaning of this section byreasononlyofthereplacementofanyplantormachinery,orwithinsuchlimitsasmaybeprescribed,of the addition of any plant or machinery 4if such replacement or addition does not reduce theminimumclearspacerequiredforsafeworkingaroundtheplantormachineryoradverselyaffecttheenvironmentalconditionsfromtheevolutionoremissionofsteam,heatordustorfumesinjurioustohealth.


2.Clause(a)reletteredasclause(aa)byAct94of1976,sec.4(w.e.f.26101976).

3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.4forclause(a)(w.e.f.26101976).


7.NOTICEBYOCCUPIER.

(1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen days before he begins to occupy or use any premises as afactory,sendtotheChiefInspectorawrittennoticecontaining

(a)thenameandsituationofthefactory

(b)thenameandaddressoftheoccupier

1(bb)thenameandaddressoftheownerofthepremisesorbuilding(includingtheprecinctsthereof)referredtoinsection93

(c)theaddresstowhichcommunicationrelatingtothefactorymaybesent

(d)thenatureofthemanufacturingprocess

(i)carriedoninthefactoryduringthelasttwelvemonthsinthecaseoffactoriesinexistenceonthedateofthecommencementofthisAct,and

(ii)tobecarriedoninthefactoryduringthenexttwelvemonthsinthecaseofallfactories

2(e)thetotalratedhorsepowerinstalledortobeinstalledinthefactory,whichshallnotincludetheratedhorsepowerofanyseparatestandbyplant



(f)thenameofthemanagerofthefactoryforthepurposesofthisAct

(g)thenumberofworkerslikelytobeemployedinthefactory

(h)theaveragenumberofworkersperdayemployedduringthelast

twelvemonthsinthecaseofafactoryinexistenceonthedateofthecommencementofthisAct(i)suchotherparticularsasmaybeprescribed.

(2) In respect of all establishmentswhich comewithin the scope of theAct for the first time, theoccupiershallsendawrittennoticetotheChiefInspectorcontainingtheparticularsspecifiedinsubsection(1)withinthirtydays,fromthedateofthecommencementofthisAct.

(3)Beforeafactoryengagedinamanufacturingprocesswhichisordinarilycarriedonforlessthanonehundredandeightyworkingdaysintheyearresumesworking,theoccupiershallsendawrittennoticetotheChiefInspectorcontainingtheparticularsspecifiedinsubsection(1)3atleastthirtydaysbeforethedateofthecommencementofwork.

(4)Wheneveranewmanagerisappointed,theoccupiershallsendtothe4InspectorawrittennoticeandtotheChiefInspectoracopythereofwithinsevendaysfromthedateonwhichsuchpersontakesovercharge.

(5)Duringanyperiod forwhichnopersonhasbeendesignatedasmanagerofa factoryorduringwhichthepersondesignateddoesnotmanagethefactory,anypersonfoundactingasmanager,orifnosuchpersonisfound,theoccupierhimself,shallbedeemedtobethemanagerofthefactoryforthepurposesofthisAct.


2.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.5,forclause(e)(w.e.f.26101976).

3.Subs.byAct40of1949,sec.3andSch.II,forwithinthirtydays.

4.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.4,forChiefInspectorawrittennotice.

7A.GENERALDUTIESOFTHEOCCUPIER.

(1)Everyoccupiershallensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thehealth,safetyandwelfareofallworkerswhiletheyareatworkinthefactory.

(2)Withoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheprovisionsofsubsection(1),thematterstowhichsuchdutyextends,shall include(a)theprovisionandmaintenanceofplantandsystemsofworkinthefactorythataresafeandwithoutriskstohealth

(b) thearrangements in the factory forensuringsafetyandabsenceof risks tohealth inconnectionwiththeuse,handling,storageandtransportofarticlesandsubstances

(c)theprovisionofsuchinformation,instruction,trainingandsupervisionasarenecessarytoensurethehealthandsafety,ofallworkersatwork

(d)themaintenanceofallplacesofworkinthefactoryinaconditionthatissafeandwithoutriskstohealthandtheprovisionandmaintenanceofsuchmeansofaccessto,andegressfrom,suchplacesasaresafeandwithoutsuchrisks



(e) the provision,maintenance ormonitoring of suchworking environment in the factory for theworkers that is safe,without risks tohealthandadequateas regards facilitiesandarrangements fortheirwelfareatwork.

(3)Exceptinsuchcasesasmaybeprescribed,everyoccupiershallprepare,and,asoftenasmaybeappropriate,revise,awrittenstatementofhisgeneralpolicywithrespecttothehealthandsafetyoftheworkersatworkandtheorganisationandarrangementsforthetimebeinginforceforcarryingoutthatpolicy,andtobringthestatementandanyrevisionthereoftothenoticeofalltheworkersinsuchmannerasmaybeprescribed.


7B. GENERAL DUTIES OFMANUFACTURERS, ETC., ASREGARDS ARTICLES AND SUBSTANCES FOR USE INFACTORIES.

1(1)Everypersonwhodesigns,manufactures,importsorsuppliesanyarticleforuseinanyfactoryshall

(a)ensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thatthearticleissodesignedandconstructedastobesafeandwithoutriskstothehealthoftheworkerswhenproperlyused

(b) carry out or arrange for the carrying out of such tests and examination asmay be considerednecessaryfortheeffectiveimplementationoftheprovisionsofclause(a)

(c)takesuchstepsasmaybenecessarytoensurethatadequateinformationwillbeavailable

(i)inconnectionwiththeuseofthearticleinanyfactory

(ii)abouttheuseforwhichitisdesignedandtestedand

(iii)aboutanyconditionsnecessarytoensurethatthearticle,whenputtosuchuse,willbesafe,andwithoutriskstothehealthoftheworkers:

ProvidedthatwhereanarticleisdesignedormanufacturedoutsideIndia,itshallbeobligatoryonthepartoftheimportertosee

(a)thatthearticleconformstothesamestandardsifsucharticleismanufacturedinIndia,or

(b) if thestandardsadopted in thecountryoutsidefor themanufactureofsucharticle isabove thestandardsadoptedinIndia,thatthearticleconformstosuchstandards.

(2)Everyperson,whoundertakes todesignormanufactureanyarticleforuseinanyfactory,maycarryoutorarrangeforthecarryingoutofnecessaryresearchwithaviewtothediscoveryand,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,theeliminationorminimizationofanyriskstothehealthorsafetyoftheworkerstowhichthedesignorarticlemaygiverise.

(3)Nothingcontainedinsubsections(1)and(2)shallbeconstruedtorequireapersontorepeatthetesting,examinationorresearchwhichhasbeencarriedoutotherwisethanbyhimorathisinstanceinsofarasitisreasonableforhimtorelyontheresultsthereofforthepurposesofthesaidsubsections.

(4)Anydutyimposedonanypersonbysubsections(1)and(2)shallextendonlytothingsdonein



thecourseofbusinesscarriedonbyhimandtomatterswithinhiscontrol.

(5)Where a person designs,manufactures, imports or supplies an article on the basis of awrittenundertakingbytheuserofsucharticletotakethestepsspecifiedinsuchundertakingtoensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thatthearticlewillbesafeandwithoutriskstothehealthoftheworkerswhen properly used, the undertaking shall have the effect of relieving the person designing,manufacturing,importingorsupplyingthearticlefromthedutyimposedbyclause(a)ofsubsection(1)tosuchextentasisreasonablehavingregardtothetermsoftheundertaking.

(6) For the purposes of this section, an article is not to be regarded as properly used if it is usedwithoutregardtoanyinformationoradvicerelatingtoitsusewhichhasbeenmadeavailablebythepersonwhohasdesigned,manufactured,importedorsuppliedthearticle.

Explanation:Forthepurposesofthissection,articleshallincludeplantandmachinery


8.INSPECTORS.

(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint such persons aspossess theprescribedqualification tobe Inspectors for thepurposesof thisActandmayassign tothemsuchlocallimitsasitmaythinkfit.

(2)TheStateGovernmentmay, by notification in theOfficialGazette, appoint any person to be aChief Inspectorwhoshall, inaddition to thepowersconferredonaChief Inspectorunder thisAct,exercisethepowersofanInspectorthroughouttheState.

1(2A)TheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,appointasmanyAdditionalChiefInspectors,JointChiefInspectorsandDeputyChiefInspectorsandasmanyotherofficersasitthinksfittoassisttheChiefInspectorandtoexercisesuchofthepowersoftheChiefInspectorasmaybespecifiedinsuchnotification.

(2B)EveryAdditionalChiefInspector,JointChiefInspector,DeputyChiefInspectorandeveryotherofficerappointedundersubsection(2A)shall,inadditiontothepowersofaChiefInspectorspecifiedinthenotificationbywhichheisappointed,exercisethepowersofanInspectorthroughouttheState.

(3)Nopersonshallbeappointedundersubsection(1),subsection(2)1subsection(2A)lra38]orsubsection(5),orhavingbeensoappointed,shallcontinuetoholdoffice,whoisorbecomesdirectlyorindirectlyinterestedinafactoryorinanyprocessorbusinesscarriedonthereinorinanypatentormachineryconnectedtherewith.

(4)EveryDistrictMagistrateshallbeanInspectorforhisdistrict.

(5)TheStateGovernmentmayalso,bynotificationasaforesaid,appointsuchpublicofficersas itthinksfittobeadditionalInspectorsforalloranyofthepurposesofthisAct,withinsuchlocallimitsasitmayassigntothemrespectively.

(6)InanyareawheretherearemoreInspectorsthanonetheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationasaforesaid,declarethepowers,whichsuchInspectorsshallrespectivelyexerciseandtheInspectortowhomtheprescribednoticesaretobesent.

(7)2 Every Chief Inspector, Additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief



Inspector, Inspector and every other officer appointed under this section shall be deemed to be apublic servant within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), and shall be officiallysubordinatetosuchauthorityastheStateGovernmentmayspecifyinthisbehalf.


2.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.6,forEveryChiefInspectororInspector(w.e.f.26101976).

9.POWERSOFINSPECTORS.

Subject to any rulesmade in this behalf, an Inspectormay,within the local limits forwhich he isappointed,

(a)enter,withsuchassistants,beingpersonsintheserviceoftheGovernment,oranylocalorotherpublicauthority,1[orwithanexpert]ashethinksfit,anyplacewhichisused,orwhichhehasreasontobelieveisused,asafactory

2[(b)makeexaminationofthepremises,plant,machinery,articleorsubstance

(c)inquireintoanyaccidentordangerousoccurrence,whetherresultinginbodilyinjury,disabilityornot,andtakeonthespotorotherwisestatementsofanypersonwhichhemayconsidernecessaryforsuchinquiry

(d)requiretheproductionofanyprescribedregisteroranyotherdocumentrelatingtothefactory

(e)seize,ortakecopiesof,anyregister,recordorotherdocumentoranyportionthereof,ashemayconsidernecessaryinrespectofanyoffenceunderthisAct,whichhehasreasontobelieve,hasbeencommitted

(f)direct theoccupier thatanypremisesoranypart thereof,oranything lying therein, shallbe leftundisturbed(whethergenerallyorinparticularrespects)forsolongasisnecessaryforthepurposeofanyexaminationunderclause(b)

(g)takemeasurementsandphotographsandmakesuchrecordingsasheconsidersnecessaryforthepurposeofanyexaminationunderclause(b),takingwithhimanynecessaryinstrumentorequipment

(h) in caseof any articleor substance found in anypremises, being an articleor substancewhichappears tohimashavingcausedor is likely tocausedanger to thehealthorsafetyof theworkers,direct it tobedismantledor subject it toanyprocessor test (butnot soas todamageordestroy itunlessthesameis,inthecircumstancesnecessary,forcarryingoutthepurposesofthisAct),andtakepossessionofanysucharticleofsubstanceorapartthereof,anddetainitforsolongasisnecessaryforsuchexamination(i)exercisesuchotherpowersasmaybeprescribed:

Provided that no person shall be compelled under this section to answer any question or give anyevidencetendingtoincriminatehimself.


2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.5,forclauses(b)and(c)(w.e.f.1121987).



10CERTIFYINGSURGEONS.

(1)TheStateGovernmentmayappointqualifiedmedicalpractitionerstobecertifyingsurgeonsforthepurposesofthisActwithinsuchlocallimitsorforsuchfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesasitmayassigntothemrespectively.

(2)A certifying surgeonmay,with the approval of the StateGovernment, authorize any qualifiedmedical practitioner to exercise any of his powers under thisAct for such period as the certifyingsurgeonmayspecifyandsubjecttosuchconditionsastheStateGovernmentmaythinkfittoimpose,and references in this Act to a certifying surgeon shall be deemed to include references to anyqualifiedmedicalpractitionerwhensoauthorized.

(3)Nopersonshallbeappointedtobe,orauthorizedtoexercisethepowersof,acertifyingsurgeon,orhavingbeensoappointedorauthorized,continuetoexercisesuchpowers,whois,orbecomestheoccupier of a factoryor is or becomesdirectly or indirectly interested thereinor in anyprocess orbusinesscarriedonthereinorinanypatentormachineryconnectedtherewithorisotherwiseintheemployofthefactory:

1ProvidedthattheStateGovernmentmay,byorderinwritingandsubjecttosuchconditionsasmaybespecifiedintheorder,exemptanypersonorclassofpersonsfromtheprovisionsofthissubsectioninrespectofanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories.

(4)Thecertifyingsurgeonshallcarryoutsuchdutiesasmaybeprescribedinconnectionwith

(a)theexaminationandcertificationofyoungpersonsunderthisAct

(b) the examinationof persons engaged in factories in suchdangerousoccupationsor processes asmaybeprescribed

(c) the exercising of such medical supervision as may be prescribed for any factory or class ordescriptionoffactorieswhere

(i) cases of illness have occurred which it is reasonable to believe are due to the nature of themanufacturingprocesscarriedon,orotherconditionsofworkprevailing,therein

(ii)byreasonofanychangeinthemanufacturingprocesscarriedonorinthesubstancesusedthereinorbyreasonoftheadoptionofanynewmanufacturingprocessorofanynewsubstanceforuseinamanufacturing process, there is a likelihood of injury to the health of workers employed in thatmanufacturingprocess

(iii)youngpersonsare,orareabouttobe,employedinanyworkwhichislikelytocauseinjurytotheirhealth.Explanation : In thissectionqualifiedmedicalpractitionermeansapersonholdingaqualification granted by an authority specified in the Schedule to the IndianMedicalDegreesAct,1916(7of1916)orintheSchedulestotheIndianMedicalCouncilAct,1933(27of1933).2


2.NowseetheIndianMedicalCouncilAct,1956(102of1956).

11.CLEANLINESS.

(1)Every factory shall bekept cleanand free fromeffluvia arising fromanydrain,privyorother,



nuisance,andinparticular

(a)accumulationsofdirt and refuse shallbe removeddailybysweepingorbyanyothereffectivemethodfromthefloorsandbenchesofworkroomsandfromstaircasesandpassages,anddisposedofinasuitablemanner

(b) the floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, usingdisinfectant,wherenecessary,orbysomeothereffectivemethod

(c)whereafloorisliabletobecomewetinthecourseofanymanufacturingprocesstosuchextentasiscapableofbeingdrained,effectivemeansofdrainageshallbeprovidedandmaintained

(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops ofpassagesandstaircasesshall

(i)wheretheyare1[paintedotherwisethanwithwashablewaterpaint]orvarnished,berepaintedorrevarnishedatleastonceineveryperiodoffiveyears

2[(ia)wheretheyarepaintedwithwashablewaterpaint,berepaintedwithatleastonecoatofsuchpaint at least once in every period of three years andwashed at least once in every period of sixmonths]

(ii)wheretheyarepaintedorvarnishedorwheretheyhavesmoothimpervioussurfacesbecleanedatleastonceineveryperiodoffourteenmonthsbysuchmethodasmaybeprescribed

(iii) in any other case, be kept white washed or colourwashed, and the whitewashing orcolourwashingshallbecarriedoutatleastonceineveryperiodoffourteenmonths

2[(dd)alldoorsandwindowframesandotherwoodenormetallicframeworkandshuttersshallbekeptpaintedorvarnished and thepaintingorvarnishing shall be carriedout at least once in everyperiodoffiveyears]

(e) the dates onwhich the processes required by clause (d) are carried out shall be entered in theprescribedregister.

(2) If, in view of the nature of the operations carried on 3[in a factory or class or description offactoriesoranypartofafactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories],itisnotpossiblefortheoccupiertocomplywithalloranyof theprovisionsof subsection (1), theStateGovernmentmaybyorderexemptsuchfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories2[orpart]fromanyoftheprovisionsofthatsubsectionandspecifyalternativemethodsforkeepingthefactoryinacleanstate.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.8,forpainted(w.e.f.26101976).


3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.8,forinafactory(w.e.f.26101976).

12.DISPOSALOFWASTESANDEFFLUENTS.

(1)Effectivearrangements shallbemade inevery factory for the treatmentofwastesandeffluentsdue to themanufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous, and for theirdisposal.



(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprescribingthearrangementstobemadeundersubsection(1)orrequiringthatthearrangementsmadeinaccordancewithsubsection(1)shallbeapprovedbysuchauthorityasmaybeprescribed.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.9,forsubsection(1)(w.e.f.26101976).

13.VENTILATIONANDTEMPERATURE.

(1)Effectiveand suitableprovision shallbemade in every factory for securingandmaintaining ineveryworkroom

(a)adequateventilationbythecirculationoffreshair,and

(b)suchatemperatureaswillsecuretoworkersthereinreasonableconditionsofcomfortandpreventinjurytohealthandinparticular,(i)wallsandroofsshallbeofsuchmaterialandsodesignedthatsuchtemperatureshallnotbeexceededbutkeptaslowaspracticable

(ii) where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is likely to involve, theproductionofexcessivelyhightemperaturessuchadequatemeasuresasarepracticableshallbetakentoprotect theworkers therefrom,byseparating theprocesswhichproducessuch temperaturesfromtheworkroom,byinsulatingthehotpartsorbyothereffectivemeans.

(2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate ventilation and reasonabletemperatureforanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesorpartsthereofanddirectthat1[propermeasuringinstruments,atsuchplacesandinsuchpositionasmaybespecified,shallbeprovidedandsuchrecords,asmaybeprescribed,shallbemaintained].

2[(3) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high temperatures in any factory can bereducedbytheadoptionofsuitablemeasures,hemay,withoutprejudicetotherulesmadeundersubsection(2),serveontheoccupier,anorderinwritingspecifyingthemeasureswhich,inhisopinion,shouldbeadopted,andrequiringthemtobecarriedoutbeforeaspecifieddate.]



14.DUSTANDFUME.

(1)Ineveryfactoryinwhich,byreasonofthemanufacturingprocesscarriedon,thereisgivenoffanydustorfumeorotherimpurityofsuchanatureandtosuchanextentasislikelytobeinjuriousoroffensive to theworkers employed therein,or anydust in substantialquantities, effectivemeasuresshall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any exhaustapplianceisnecessaryforthispurpose,itshallbeappliedasnearaspossibletothepointoforiginofthedust,fumeorotherimpurity,andsuchpointshallbeenclosedsofaraspossible.

(2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the exhaust isconductedintotheopenair,andnootherinternalcombustionengineshallbeoperatedinanyroomunless effectivemeasureshavebeen taken toprevent suchaccumulationof fumes therefromasarelikelytobeinjurioustoworkersemployedintheroom.



15.ARTIFICIALHUMIDIFICATION.

(1) In respect of all factories in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the StateGovernmentmaymakerules,

(a)prescribingstandardsofhumidification

(b)regulatingthemethodsusedforartificiallyincreasingthehumidityoftheair,

(c)directingprescribedtestsfordeterminingthehumidityoftheairtobecorrectlycarriedoutandrecorded

(d)prescribingmethodstobeadoptedforsecuringadequateventilationandcoolingoftheairintheworkrooms.

(2) In any factory inwhich thehumidityof the air is artificially increased, thewaterused for thepurposeshallbetakenfromapublicsupply,orothersourceofdrinkingwater,orshallbeeffectivelypurifiedbeforeitissoused.

(3) If it appears to an Inspector that thewater used in a factory for increasing humiditywhich isrequiredtobeeffectivelypurifiedundersubsection(2)isnoteffectivelypurifiedhemayserveonthemanagerof thefactoryanorder inwriting,specifying themeasureswhich inhisopinionshouldbeadopted,andrequiringthemtobecarriedoutbeforespecifieddate.

16.OVERCROWDING.

(1)Noroominanyfactoryshallbeovercrowdedtoanextentinjurioustothehealthoftheworkersemployedtherein.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) there shall be in every workroom of afactoryinexistenceonthedateofthecommencementofthisActatleast1[9.9cubicmetres]andofafactory built after the commencement of this Act at least 2[14.2 cubicmetres] of space for everyworkeremployed therein,andfor thepurposesof thissubsectionnoaccountshallbe takenofanyspacewhichismorethan3[4.2metres]abovetheleveloftheflooroftheroom.

(3)IftheChiefInspectorbyorderinwritingsorequires,thereshallbepostedineachworkroomofafactory a notice specifying the maximum number of workers who may, in compliance with theprovisionsofthissection,beemployedintheroom.

(4)TheChiefInspectormaybyorderinwritingexempt,subjecttosuchconditions,ifany,ashemaythink fit to impose, any workroom from the provisions of this section, if he is satisfied thatcompliancetherewithinrespectoftheroomisunnecessaryintheinterestofthehealthoftheworkersemployedtherein.

1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.7,forthreehundredandfiftycubicfeet(w.e.f.1121987).

2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.7,forfivehundredcubicfeet(w.e.f.1121987).

3.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.7,forfourteenfeet(w.e.f.1121987).

17.LIGHTING.



(1) In every part of a factorywhereworkers areworking or passing there shall be provided andmaintainedsufficientandsuitablelighting,naturalorartificial,orboth.

(2)Ineveryfactoryallglazedwindowsandskylightsusedforthelightingoftheworkroomshallbekeptcleanonboththeinnerandoutersurfacesand,sofarascompliancewiththeprovisionsofanyrulesmade,undersubsection(3)ofsection13willallow,freefromobstruction.

(3)Ineveryfactoryeffectiveprovisionshall,sofarasispracticable,bemadeforthepreventionof

(a)glare,eitherdirectlyfromasourceoflightorbyreflectionfromasmoothorpolishedsurface

(b)theformationofshadowstosuchanextentastocauseeyestrainortheriskofaccidenttoanyworker.

(4)TheStateGovernmentmayprescribestandardsofsufficientandsuitablelightingforfactoriesorforanyclassordescriptionoffactoriesorforanymanufacturingprocess.

18.DRINKINGWATER.

(1)Ineveryfactoryeffectivearrangementsshallbemadetoprovideandmaintainatsuitablepointsconveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinkingwater.

(2)Allsuchpointsshallbelegiblymarkeddrinkingwaterinalanguageunderstoodbyamajorityoftheworkersemployedinthefactory,andnosuchpointshallbesituatedwithin1sixmetresofanywashingplace,urinal,latrine,spittoon,opendraincarryingsullageoreffluentoranyothersourceofcontaminationunlessashorterdistanceisapprovedinwritingbytheChiefInspector.

(3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed,provisionsshallbemade forcoolingdrinkingwaterduringhotweatherbyeffectivemeansand fordistributionthereof.

(4)InrespectofallfactoriesoranyclassordescriptionoffactoriestheStateGovernmentmaymakerules for securing compliance with the provisions of subsections (1), (2) and (3) and for theexaminationbyprescribedauthoritiesofthesupplyanddistributionofdrinkingwaterinfactories.


19.LATRINESANDURINALS.

(1)Ineveryfactory

(a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types shall be provided convenientlysituatedandaccessibletoworkersatalltimeswhiletheyareatthefactory

(b)separateenclosedaccommodationshallbeprovidedformaleandfemaleworkers

(c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated, and no latrine or urinal shall,unlessspeciallyexemptedinwritingbytheChiefInspector,communicatewithanyworkroomexceptthroughaninterveningopenspaceorventilatedpassage

(d)allsuchaccommodationshallbemaintainedinacleanandsanitaryconditionatalltimes



(e)sweepersshallbeemployedwhoseprimaryduty itwouldbe tokeepclean latrines,urinalsandwashingplaces.

(2)Ineveryfactorywhereinmorethantwohundredandfiftyworkersareordinarilyemployed

(a)alllatrineandurinalaccommodationshallbeofprescribedsanitarytypes

(b)thefloorsandinternalwalls,uptoaheightof1ninetycentimeters,ofthelatrinesandurinalsandthe sanitaryblocks shallbe laid inglazed titlesorotherwise finished toprovidea smoothpolishedimpervioussurface

(c)withoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofclauses(d)and(e)ofsubsection(1),thefloors,portionsofthe walls and blocks so laid or finished and the sanitary pans of latrines and urinals shall bethoroughly washed and cleaned at least once in every seven days with suitable detergents ordisinfectantsorwithboth.

(3)TheStateGovernmentmayprescribe thenumberof latrinesandurinals tobeprovided inanyfactory in proportion to thenumbers ofmale and femaleworkers ordinarily employed therein, andprovide for such further matters in respect of sanitation in factories, including the obligation ofworkersinthisregard,asitconsidersnecessaryintheinterestofthehealthoftheworkersemployedtherein.

1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.9,forthreefeet(w.e.f.1121987).

20.SPITTOONS.

(1)Ineveryfactorythereshallbeprovidedasufficientnumberofspittoonsinconvenientplacesandtheyshallbemaintainedinacleanandhygieniccondition.

(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymake rulesprescribing the typeand thenumberof spittoons tobeprovided and their location in any factory and provide for such further matters relating to theirmaintenanceinacleanandhygieniccondition.

(3)No person shall spitwithin the premises of a factory except in the spittoons provided for thepurposeandanoticecontainingthisprovisionandthepenaltyfor itsviolationshallbeprominentlydisplayedatsuitableplacesinthepremises.

(4)Whoeverspitsincontraventionofsubsection(3)shallbepunishablewithfinenotexceedingfiverupees.

21.FENCINGOFMACHINERY.

(1)Ineveryfactorythefollowing,namely,

(i)everymovingpartofaprimemoverandeveryflywheelconnectedtoaprimemover,whethertheprimemoverorflywheelisintheenginehouseornot

(ii)theheadraceandtailraceofeverywaterwheelandwaterturbine

(iii)anypartofastockbarwhichprojectsbeyondtheheadstockofalatheand

(iv)unlesstheyareinsuchpositionorofsuchconstructionastobesafetoeverypersonemployedin



thefactoryastheywouldbeiftheyweresecurelyfenced,thefollowing,namely

(a)everypartofanelectricgenerator,amotororrotaryconverter

(b)everypartoftransmissionmachineryand

(c)everydangerouspartofanyothermachinery,shallbesecurelyfencedbysafeguardsofsubstantialconstructionwhich1shallbeconstantlymaintainedandkeptinpositionwhilethepartsofmachinerytheyarefencingareinmotionorinuse:

2Providedthatforthepurposeofdeterminingwhetheranypartofmachineryisinsuchpositionorisofsuchconstructionastobesafeas

aforesaid, account shall not be taken of any occasion when (i) it is necessary to make anexamination of any part of the machinery aforesaid while it is in motion or, as a result of suchexamination, tocarryout lubricationorotheradjustingoperationwhile themachinery is inmotion,being an examination or operation which it is necessary to be carried out while that part of themachineryisinmotion,or

(ii) in the caseof anypartof a transmissionmachineryused in suchprocess asmaybeprescribed(being a process of a continuous nature the carrying on of which shall be, or is likely to be,substantiallyinterferedwithbythestoppageofthatpartofthemachinery),itisnecessarytomakeanexaminationofsuchpartofthemachinerywhileitisinmotionor,asaresultofsuchexamination,tocarry out any mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation while themachineryisinmotion,andsuchexaminationoroperationismadeorcarriedoutinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofsubsection(1)ofsection22.

(2) The State Government may by rules prescribe such further precautions as it may considernecessaryinrespectofanyparticularmachineryorpartthereof,orexempt,subjecttosuchconditionasmaybeprescribed,forsecuringthesafetyoftheworkers,anyparticularmachineryorpartthereoffromtheprovisionsofthissection.

comments

A machinery or part thereof is dangerous if in the ordinary course of its working danger mayreasonablybeanticipated from itwhenworkingwithoutprotection, taking intoaccount thevariousfactorsincidentaltoitsworking,includingthecarelessnessoftheworkmanJ.B.MangharamandCo.v.EmployeesStateInsuranceCorporation,1970(1)LLJ460.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.10,forshallbekeptinposition(w.e.f.26101976).

2.Subs.byAct94of1976sec.10,fortheproviso(w.e.f.26101976).

22.WORKONORNEARMACHINERYINMOTION.1(1)Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery referred to insection21,whilethemachineryisinmotion,or,asaresultofsuchexamination,tocarryout

(a)inacasereferredtoinclause(i)oftheprovisotosubsection(1)ofsection21,lubricationorotheradjustingoperationor

(b)inacasereferredtoinclause(ii)oftheprovisoaforesaid,anymountingorshippingofbeltsor



lubrication or other adjusting operation, while the machinery is in motion such examination oroperation shall bemadeor carriedout onlyby a specially trained adultmaleworkerwearing tightfitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the occupier) whose name has been recorded in theregisterprescribedinthisbehalfandwhohasbeenfurnishedwithacertificateofhisappointment,andwhileheissoengaged,(a)suchworkershallnothandleabeltatamovingpulleyunless

(i)thebeltisnotmorethanfifteencentimetersinwidth

(ii) thepulley isnormallyfor thepurposeofdriveandnotmerelyaflywheelorbalancewheel(inwhichcaseabeltisnotpermissible)

(iii)thebeltjointiseitherlacedorflushwiththebelt

(iv)thebelt,includingthejointandthepulleyrim,areingoodrepair

(v)thereisreasonableclearancebetweenthepulleyandanyfixedplantorstructure

(vi)securefootholdand,wherenecessary,securehandhold,areprovidedfortheoperatorand

(vii)any ladder inuseforcarryingoutanyexaminationoroperationaforesaid issecurelyfixedorlashedorisfirmlyheldbyasecondperson.

(b)withoutprejudicetoanyotherprovisionofthisActrelatingtothefencingofmachinery,everysetscrew,bolt andkeyonany revolvingshaft, spindle,wheelorpinion,andall spur,wormandothertoothedorfrictiongearinginmotionwithwhichsuchworkerwouldotherwisebeliabletocomeintocontact,shallbesecurelyfencedtopreventsuchcontact.

2(2)Nowomanor youngperson shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust anypart of a primemover or of any transmission machinery while the prime mover or transmission machinery is inmotion, or to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of any machine if the cleaning, lubrication oradjustmentthereofwouldexposethewomanoryoungpersontoriskofinjuryfromanymovingparteitherofthatmachineorofanyadjacentmachinery.

(3) The StateGovernmentmay, by notification in the official. Gazette, prohibit, in any specifiedfactory or class or description of factories, the cleaning, lubricating or adjusting by any person ofspecifiedpartsofmachinerywhenthosepartsareinmotion.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.11,fortheopeningparagraphandclause(a)(w.e.f.26101976).


23. EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS ONDANGEROUSMACHINES.

(1)No young person 1shall be required or allowed towork at anymachine towhich this sectionapplies,unlesshehasbeenfullyinstructedastothedangersarisinginconnectionwiththemachineandtheprecautionstobeobservedand

(a)hasreceivedsufficienttraininginworkatthemachine,or

(b)isunderadequatesupervisionbyapersonwhohasathoroughknowledgeandexperienceofthemachine. (2) Subsection (1) shall apply to such machines as may be prescribed by the State



Government, being machines which in its opinion are of such a dangerous character that youngpersonsoughtnottoworkatthemunlesstheforegoingrequirementsarecompliedwith.

1.Subs.byAct20of1987,10,forshallwork(w.e.f.1121987).

24. STRIKINGGEARANDDEVICESFORCUTTINGOFFPOWER.

(1)Ineveryfactory

(a)suitablestrikinggearorotherefficientmechanicalapplianceshallbeprovidedandmaintainedandused tomovedrivingbelts to and from fast and loosepulleyswhich formpart of the transmissionmachinery,suchgearorappliancesshallbesoconstructed,placedandmaintainedastopreventthebeltfromcreepingbackontothefastpulley

(b)drivingbeltswhennotinuseshallnotbeallowedtorestorrideuponshaftinginmotion.

(2)Ineveryfactorysuitabledevicesforcuttingoffpower inemergenciesfromrunningmachineryshallbeprovidedandmaintainedineveryworkroom:

ProvidedthatinrespectoffactoriesinoperationbeforethecommencementofthisAct,theprovisionsofthissubsectionshallapplyonlytoworkroomsinwhichelectricityisusedaspower.

1[(3)When a device, which can inadvertently shift from off to on position, is provided in afactory to cut off power, arrangements shall be provided for locking the device in safe position toprevent accidental startingof the transmissionmachineryor othermachines towhich thedevice isfitted].


25.SELFACTINGMACHINES.

Notraversingpartofaselfactingmachineinanyfactoryandnomaterialcarriedthereonshall,ifthespaceoverwhichitrunsisaspaceoverwhichanypersonisliabletopass,whetherinthecourseofhisemploymentorotherwise,beallowedtorunonitsoutwardorinwardtraversewithinadistanceof1fortyfivecentimetersfromanyfixedstructurewhichisnotpartofthemachine:

Provided that the Chief Inspectormay permit the continued use of amachine installed before thecommencement of this Act which does not comply with the requirements of this section on suchconditionsforensuringsafetyashemaythinkfittoimpose.

1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.11,foreighteeninches(w.e.f.1121987).

26.CASINGOFNEWMACHINERY.(1)InallmachinerydrivenbypowerandinstalledinanyfactoryafterthecommencementofthisAct,



(a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel pinion shall be so sunk,encasedorotherwiseeffectivelyguardedastopreventdanger

(b)allspur,wormandothertoothedorfrictiongearingwhichdoesnotrequirefrequentadjustmentwhileinmotionshallbecompletelyencased,unlessitissosituatedastobeassafeasitwouldbeifitwerecompletelyencased.

(2)Whoeversellsorletsonhireor,asagentofasellerorhirer,causesorprocurestobesoldonletorhire,foruseinafactoryanymachinerydrivenbypowerwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeprovisionsof1Subsection(1)oranyrulesmadeundersubsection(3),shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtothreemonthsorwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupeesorwithboth.

2[(3)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesspecifyingfurthersafeguardstobeprovidedinrespectofanyotherdangerouspartofanyparticularmachineorclassordescriptionofmachines.]

1.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.7,forsubsection(1).

2.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.7,forsubsection(3).

27. PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN ANDCHILDRENNEARCOTTONOPENERS.

Nowomanorchildshallbeemployedinanypartofafactoryforpressingcottoninwhichacottonopenerisatwork:

Provided that if the feedendofacottonopener is ina roomseparatedfromthedeliveryendbyapartitionextendingtotheroofortosuchheightastheInspectormayinanyparticularcasespecifyinwriting, women and childrenmay be employed on the side of the partitionwhere the feedend issituated.

28.HOISTSANDLIFTS.

(1)Ineveryfactory

(a)everyhoistandliftshallbe

(i)ofgoodmechanicalconstruction,soundmaterialandadequatestrength

(ii)properlymaintained,andshallbe thoroughlyexaminedbyacompetentpersonat leastonce ineveryperiodofsixmonths,andaregistershallbekeptcontainingtheprescribedparticularsofeverysuchexamination

(b)everyhoistwayandliftwayshallbesufficientlyprotectedbyanenclosurefittedwithgates,andthehoistorliftandeverysuchenclosureshallbesoconstructedastopreventanypersonorthingfrombeingtrappedbetweenanypartofthehoistorliftandanyfixedstructureormovingpart

(c)themaximumsafeworkingloadshallbeplainlymarkedoneveryhoistorlift,andnoloadgreaterthansuchloadshallbecarriedthereon



(d) thecageofeveryhoistor liftused forcarryingpersonsshallbe fittedwithagateoneachsidefromwhichaccessisaffordedtoalanding

(e)everygatereferredtoinclause(b)orclause(a)shallbefittedwithinterlockingorotherefficientdevice tosecure that thegatecannotbeopenedexceptwhen thecage isat the landingand that thecagecannotbemovedunlessthegateisclosed.

(2)Thefollowingadditionalrequirementsshallapplytohoistsandliftsusedforcarryingpersonsandinstalledor reconstructed in a factory after the commencement of thisAct, namely : (a)where thecage issupportedbyropeorchain, thereshallbeat least tworopesorchainsseparatelyconnectedwith the cage andbalanceweight, and each rope or chainwith its attachments shall be capable ofcarryingthewholeweightofthecagetogetherwithitsmaximumload

(b)efficientdevicesshallbeprovidedandmaintainedcapableofsupportingthecagetogetherwithitsmaximumloadintheeventofbreakageoftheropes,chainsorattachments

(c) an efficient automaticdevice shall beprovided andmaintained toprevent the cage fromoverrunning.

(3)TheChiefInspectormaypermitthecontinueduseofahoistorliftinstalledinafactorybeforethecommencementofthisActwhichdoesnotfullycomplywiththeprovisionsofsubsection(1)uponsuchconditionsforensuringsafetyashemaythinkfittoimpose.

(4)TheStateGovernmentmay,ifinrespectofanyclassordescriptionofhoistorlift,itisofopinionthatitwouldbeunreasonabletoenforceanyrequirementofsubsections.(1)and(2),byorderdirectthatsuchrequirementshallnotapplytosuchclassordescriptionofhoistorlift.

1[Explanation.Forthepurposesofthissection,noliftingmachineorapplianceshallbedeemedtobeahoistorliftunlessithasaplatformorcage,thedirectionormovementofwhichisrestrictedbyaguideorguides.]


29.LIFTINGMACHINES,CHAINS,ROPESANDLIFTINGTACKLES.1(1)Inanyfactorythefollowingprovisionsshallbecompliedwithinrespectofeveryliftingmachine(other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising orlowering persons, goods ormaterials : (a) all parts, including theworking gear,whether fixed ormovable,ofeveryliftingmachineandeverychain,ropeorliftingtackleshallbe

(i)ofgoodconstruction,soundmaterialandadequatestrengthandfreefromdefects

(ii)properlymaintainedand

(iii)thoroughlyexaminedbyacompetentpersonatleastonceineveryperiodoftwelvemonths,oratsuchintervalsastheChiefInspectormayspecifyinwriting,andaregistershallbekeptcontainingtheprescribedparticularsofeverysuchexamination

(b)no liftingmachineandnochain, ropeor lifting tackle shall, except for thepurposeof test, beloaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked thereon together with anidentificationmark andduly entered in the prescribed register, andwhere this is not practicable, a



table showing the safeworking loads of every kind and size of liftingmachine or, chain, rope orliftingtackleinuseshallbedisplayedinprominentpositionsonthepremises

(c)whileanypersonisemployedorworkingonornearthewheeltrackofatravellingcraneinanyplacewherehewouldbeliabletobestruckbythecrane,effectivemeasuresshallbetakentoensurethatthecranedoesnotapproachwithin2[sixmetres]ofthatplace.

(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymake rules in respect of any liftingmachine or any chain, rope orliftingtackleusedinfactories(a)prescribingfurtherrequirementstobecompliedwithinadditiontothosesetoutinthissection

(b) providing for exemption from compliance with all or any of the requirements of this section,whereinitsopinion,suchcomplianceisunnecessaryorimpracticable.

(3)Forthepurposesofthissectionaliftingmachineorachain,ropeorliftingtackleshallbedeemedtohavebeenthoroughlyexaminedifavisualexaminationsupplemented,ifnecessary,byothermeansandbythedismantlingofpartsofthegear,hasbeencarriedoutascarefullyastheconditionspermitinordertoarriveatareliableconclusionastothesafetyofthepartsexamined.Explanation:Inthissection,

(a) lifting machine means a crane, crab, winch, teagle, pulley block, gin wheel, transporter orrunway

3(b) lifting tackle means any chain, sling, rope sling, hook, shackle, swivel, coupling, socket,clamp, tray or similar appliance,whether fixed ormovable, used in connectionwith the raising orloweringofpersons,orloadsbyuseofliftingmachines.


2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.13,fortwentyfeet(w.e.f.1121987).

3.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.13,forclause(b)(w.e.f.1121987)

30.REVOLVINGMACHINERY.1(1)Ineveryfactoryinwhichtheprocessofgrindingiscarriedonthereshallbepermanentlyaffixedtoorplacedneareachmachineinuseanoticeindicatingthemaximumsafeworkingperipheralspeedof every grindstone or abrasive wheel, the speed of the shaft or spindle uponwhich the wheel ismounted, and the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safeworkingperipheralspeed.

(2)Thespeedsindicatedinnoticesundersubsection(1)shallnotbeexceeded.

(3)Effectivemeasuresshallbetakenineveryfactorytoensurethatthesafeworkingperipheralspeedofeveryrevolvingvessel,cage,basket,flywheel,pulley,discorsimilarappliancedrivenbypowerisnotexceeded.

1.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.14,forIneveryroominafactory(w.e.f.1121987).

31.PRESSUREPLANT.



1(1) If in any factory, any plant ormachinery or any part thereof is operated at a pressure aboveatmosphericpressure, effectivemeasures shallbe taken to ensure that the safeworkingpressureofsuchplantormachineryorpartisnotexceeded.

(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprovidingfortheexaminationandtestingofanyplantormachinery such as is referred to in subsection (1) and prescribing such other safety measures inrelationtheretoasmayinitsopinionbenecessaryinanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories.

2(3)TheStateGovernmentmay,by rules, exempt, subject to suchconditionsasmaybe specifiedtherein,anypartofanyplantormachineryreferredtoinsubsection(1)fromtheprovisionsofthissection.

1.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.15,forsubsection(1)(w.e.f.1121987).


32.FLOORS,STAIRSANDMEANSOFACCESS.

Ineveryfactory(a)allfloors,steps,stairs,passagesandgangwaysshallbeofsoundconstructionand properlymaintained 1and shall be kept free from obstructions and substances likely to causepersonstoslip,andwhereitisnecessarytoensuresafety,steps,stairs,passagesandgangwaysshallbeprovidedwithsubstantialhandrails

(b)thereshall,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,beprovidedandmaintainedsafemeansofaccesstoeveryplaceatwhichanypersonisatanytimerequiredtowork.

2(c)whenanypersonhastoworkataheightfromwhereheislikelytofall,provisionshallbemade,so far as is reasonably practicable, by fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the person soworking.

1.Ins.byAct94of1976,sec.14,(w.e.f.26101976).

2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.16,forclause(c)(w.e.f.1121987).

33.PITS,SUMPS,OPENINGSINFLOORS,ETC.

(1) In every factory fixedvessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the groundor in a floorwhich, byreasonsofitsdepth,situation,constructionorcontents,isormaybeasourceofdanger,shallbeeithersecurelycoveredorsecurelyfenced.

(2)TheStateGovernmentmay, byorder inwriting, exempt, subject to such conditions asmaybeprescribed,anyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesinrespectofanyvessel,sump,tank,pitoropeningfromcompliancewiththeprovisionsofthissection.

Comments

Thecoveringorfencingapitsecurelyinsidethefactorymeanscoveringorfencingitinsuchawayasto see that it ceases to be a sourceof danger to thosewhohadoccasion to gonear thereState ofMysorev.NarayananRaghavendraShirur,(196667)30FLR324.



34.EXCESSIVEWEIGHTS.

(1)Nopersonshallbeemployedinanyfactorytolift,carryormoveanyloadsoheavyastobelikelytocausehiminjury.

(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymake rulesprescribing themaximumweightswhichmaybe lifted,carriedormovedbyadultmen,adultwomen,adolescentsandchildrenemployedinfactoriesorinanyclassordescriptionoffactoriesorincarryingonanyspecifiedprocess

35.PROTECTIONOFEYES.

Inrespectofanysuchmanufacturingprocesscarriedoninanyfactoryasmaybeprescribed,beingaprocesswhichinvolves

(a)riskofinjurytotheeyesfromparticlesorfragmentsthrownoffinthecourseoftheprocess,or

(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the StateGovernmentmay by rulesrequire that effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of personsemployedon,orintheimmediatevicinityof,theprocess.

36. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES,GASES,ETC.

1(1)Nopersonshallberequiredorallowedtoenteranychamber,tank,vat,pit,pipe,flueorotherconfinedspaceinanyfactoryinwhichanygas,fume,vapourordustislikelytobepresenttosuchanextentastoinvolverisktopersonsbeingovercomethereby,unlessitisprovidedwithamanholeofadequatesizeorothereffectivemeansofegress.

(2)Nopersonshallberequiredorallowedtoenteranyconfinedspaceasisreferredtoinsubsection(1),untilallpracticablemeasureshavebeen taken to removeanygas, fume,vapourordust,whichmaybepresentsoastobringitslevelwithinthepermissiblelimitsandtopreventanyingressofsuchgas,fume,vapourordustandunless

(a) a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person, based on a test carried out byhimselfthatthespaceisreasonablyfreefromdangerousgas,fume,vapourordustor

(b)suchpersoniswearingsuitablebreathingapparatusandabeltsecurelyattachedtoaropethefreeendofwhichisheldbyapersonoutsidetheconfinedspace.


36A. PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE USE OFPORTABLEELECTRICLIGHT.

1[36A.Precautionsregardingtheuseofportableelectriclight.Inanyfactory

(a)noportableelectric lightoranyotherelectricapplianceofvoltageexceeding twentyfourvoltsshall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space2[unlessadequatesafetydevicesareprovided]and



(b)ifanyinflammablegas,fumeordustislikelytobepresentinsuchchamber,tank,vat,pit,pipe,flue or other confined space, no lamp or light other than that of flameproof construction shall bepermittedtobeusedtherein.]



37.EXPLOSIVEORINFLAMMABLEDUST,GAS,ETC.

(1)Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas, fume or vapour of suchcharacterand tosuchextentas tobe likely toexplode to ignition,allpracticablemeasuresshallbetakentopreventanysuchexplosionby

(a)effectiveenclosureoftheplantormachineryusedintheprocess

(b)removalorpreventionoftheaccumulationofsuchdust,gas,fumeorvapour

(c)exclusionoreffectiveenclosureofallpossiblesourcesofignition.

(2)Whereinanyfactorytheplantormachineryusedinaprocesssuchasisreferredtoinsubsection(1)isnotsoconstructedastowithstandtheprobablepressurewhichsuchanexplosionasaforesaidwould produce, all practicable measures shall be taken to restrict the spread and effects of theexplosion by the provisions in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents or other effectiveappliances.

(3)Whereanypartoftheplantormachineryinafactorycontainsanyexplosiveorinflammablegasorvapourunderpressuregreater thanatmosphericpressure, thatpart shallnotbeopenedexcept inaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions,namely:

(a)beforethefasteningofanyjointofanypipeconnectedwiththepartofthefasteningofthecoverofanyopeningintothepartisloosened,anyflowofthegasorvapourintothepartofanysuchpipeshallbeeffectivelystoppedbyastopvalveorothermeans

(b) before any such fastening as aforesaid is removed, all practicablemeasures shall be taken toreducethepressureofthegasorvapourinthepartorpipetoatmosphericpressure

(c)whereanysuchfasteningasaforesaidhasbeenloosenedorremoved

effective measures shall be taken to prevent any explosive or inflammable gas or vapour fromenteringthepartofpipeuntilthefasteninghasbeensecured,or,asthecasemaybe,securelyreplaced:Provided that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply in the case of plant ormachineryinstalledintheopenair.

(4)Noplant,tankorvesselwhichcontainsorhascontainedanyexplosiveorinflammablesubstanceshall be subjected in any factory to any welding, brazing, soldering or cutting operation whichinvolves the application of heat unless adequate measures have first been taken to remove suchsubstanceandanyfumesarising therefromor torendersuchsubstanceandfumesnonexplosiveornoninflammable,andnosuchsubstanceshallbeallowedtoentersuchplant,tankorvesselafteranysuchoperationuntilthemetalhascooledsufficientlytopreventanyriskofignitingthesubstance.

(5)TheStateGovernmentmaybyrulesexempt,subjecttosuchconditionsasmaybeprescribed,anyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesfromcompliancewithalloranyoftheprovisionsofthis



section.

Comments

Under Section 37(4) dismantling without making proper safety arrangements, Gas cutting wasundertakeninthepremiseswasanoffenceMahadevenBalasubramaniamv.StateofJharkhand,2002(94)FLR977.

38.PRECAUTIONSINCASEOFFIRE.

138. PRECAUTIONS INCASEOF FIRE. (1) In every factory, all practicablemeasures shall betaken to prevent outbreak of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide andmaintain (a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a fire, and (b) the necessaryequipmentandfacilitiesforextinguishingfire.

(2)Effectivemeasuresshallbetakentoensurethatineveryfactoryalltheworkersarefamiliarwiththemeansofescapeincaseoffireandhavebeenadequatelytrainedintheroutinetobefollowedinsuchcases.

(3) The State Government may make rules, in respect of any factory or class or description offactories,requiringthemeasurestobeadoptedtogiveeffecttotheprovisionsofsubsections(1)and(2).

(4)Notwithstandinganythingcontainedinclause(a)ofsubsection(1)orsubsection(2),iftheChiefInspector,havingregardtothenatureoftheworkcarriedoninanyfactory,theconstructionofsuchfactory,specialrisktolifeorsafety,oranyothercircumstances,isoftheopinionthatthemeasuresprovidedinthefactory,whetherasprescribedornot,forthepurposesofclause(a)ofsubsection(1)orsubsection(2),areinadequate,hemay,by,orderinwriting,requirethatsuchadditionalmeasuresas he may consider reasonable and necessary, be provided in the factory before such date as isspecifiedintheorder


39. POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATIONS OFDEFECTIVEPARTSORTESTSOFSTABILITY.

IfitappearstotheInspectorthatanybuildingorpartofabuildingoranypartoftheways,machineryorplantinafactoryisinsuchaconditionthatitmaybedangeroustohumanlifeorsafety,hemayserveon1theoccupierormanagerorbothof thefactoryanorder inwritingrequiringhimbeforeaspecifieddate

(a) tofurnishsuchdrawings,specificationsandotherparticularsasmaybenecessary todeterminewhethersuchbuilding,ways,machineryorplantcanbeusedwithsafety,or

(b)tocarryoutsuchtestinsuchmannerasmaybespecifiedintheorder,andtoinformtheInspectoroftheresultsthereof.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.18,forthemanager(w.e.f.26101976).



40.SAFETYOFBUILDINGSANDMACHINERY.

(1) If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways,machineryorplantinafactoryisinsuchaconditionthatitisdangeroustohumanlifeorsafety,hemay serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying themeasures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before aspecifieddate.

(2)IfitappearstotheInspectorthattheuseofanybuildingorpartofabuildingoranypartoftheways,machineryorplantinafactoryinvolvesimminentdangertohumanlifeorsafety,hemayserveon1[theoccupierormanagerorboth]ofthefactoryanorderinwritingprohibitingitsuseuntilithasbeenproperlyrepairedoraltered.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.18,forthemanager(w.e.f.26101976).

40A.MAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGS.

1[40A.Maintenance of buildings.If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of abuildinginafactoryisinsuchastateofdisrepairasislikelytoleadtoconditionsdetrimentaltothehealthandwelfareoftheworkers,hemayserveontheoccupierormanagerorbothofthefactoryanorderinwritingspecifyingthemeasureswhichinhisopinionshouldbetakenandrequiringthesametobecarriedoutbeforesuchdateasisspecifiedintheorder.


40B.SAFETYOFFICERS.

1[40B.SafetyOfficers.(1)Ineveryfactory,

(i)whereinonethousandormoreworkersareordinarilyemployed,or

(ii) wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process or operation iscarriedon,whichprocessoroperationinvolvesanyriskofbodilyinjury,poisoningordisease,oranyotherhazardtohealth,tothepersonsemployedinthefactory,theoccupiershall,ifsorequiredbytheStateGovernmentbynotificationintheOfficialGazette,employsuchnumberofSafetyOfficersasmaybespecifiedinthatnotification.

(2)The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of SafetyOfficers shall be such asmay beprescribedbytheStateGovernment.

comments

(i)AsafetyofficerisappointedforthepurposeofFactoryActonly.Asafetyofficerintermsofrule5ismerelygiventhestatusofadepartmentalheadoraseniorexecutiveinthefactory.Suchstatusisconferredbecausehewouldbepostedunderthechiefexecutiveofthefactoryandwouldreportonlyto him. As regards safety aspects, other officers would be bound by his direction BHEL v. B.K.Vijay,2006(108)FLR113.



(ii)Issuanceofnotificationisanindispensableconditionforemploymentofsafetyofficersintermsof section40B inboth the casesmentioned in the sectionDebeshKumarBhattacharyyav.RishraSheelLimited,(1995)86FLR595(Cal).


41 POWER TO MAKE RULE TO SUPPLEMENT THISCHAPTER.

The State Government may make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in any class ordescription of factories of such further 1[devices andmeasures] for securing the safety of personsemployedthereinasitmaydeemnecessary.

1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.20,fordevices(w.e.f.26101976).

41A. CONSTITUTION OF SITE APPRAISALCOMMITTEES.

*41A.ConstitutionofSiteAppraisalCommittees.(1)TheStateGovernmentmay, forpurposesof advising it to consider applications for grant of permission for the initial location of a factoryinvolving a hazardous process or for the expansion of any such factory, appoint a Site AppraisalCommitteeconsistingof

(a)theChiefInspectoroftheStatewhoshallbeitsChairman

(b)arepresentativeoftheCentralBoardforthePreventionandControlofWaterPollutionappointedbytheCentralGovernmentundersection3oftheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1974(6of1974)

(c)arepresentativeoftheCentralBoardforthePreventionandControlofAirPollutionreferredtoinsection3oftheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981(14of1981)

(d) a representative of the State Board appointed under section 4 of the Water (Prevention andControlofPollution)Act,1974(6of1974)

(e)arepresentativeoftheStateBoardforthePreventionandControlofAirPollutionreferredtoinsection5oftheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981(14of1981)

(f)arepresentativeoftheDepartmentofEnvironmentintheState

(g)arepresentativeoftheMeteorologicalDepartmentoftheGovernmentofIndia

(h)anexpertinthefieldofoccupationalhealthand

(i)arepresentativeoftheTownPlanningDepartmentoftheStateGovernment,andnotmorethanfiveothermemberswhomaybecooptedbytheStateGovernmentwhoshallbe(i)ascientisthavingspecialisedknowledgeofthehazardousprocesswhichwillbeinvolvedinthefactory,

(ii)a representativeof the localauthoritywithinwhose jurisdiction the factory is tobeestablished,



and(iii)notmorethanthreeotherpersonsasdeemedfitbytheStateGovernment.

(2) The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for the establishment of a factoryinvolvinghazardousprocessandmakeitsrecommendationtotheStateGovernmentwithinaperiodofninetydaysofthereceiptofsuchapplicationsintheprescribedform.

(3)Where anyprocess relates to a factoryownedor controlledby theCentralGovernmentor to acorporation or a company owned or controlled by the Central Government, the State GovernmentshallcooptintheSiteAppraisalCommitteearepresentativenominatedbytheCentralGovernmentasamemberofthatCommittee.

(4) The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for any information from the personmakinganapplicationfortheestablishmentorexpansionofafactoryinvolvingahazardousprocess.

(5)Where the State Government has granted approval to an application for the establishment orexpansionofafactoryinvolvinghazardousprocess,itshallnotbenecessaryforanapplicanttoobtainafurtherapprovalfromtheCentralBoardortheStateBoardestablishedundertheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act1974(6of1974)andtheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981(14of1981).

*Sections41Ains.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).

41B.COMPULSORYDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATIONBYTHEOCCUPIER.

*41B.Compulsorydisclosureof informationby theoccupier. (1)Theoccupierof every factoryinvolving a hazardous process shall disclose in the manner prescribed all information regardingdangers, including health hazards and the measures to overcome such hazards arising from theexposuretoorhandlingofthematerialsorsubstancesinthemanufacture,transportation,storageandotherprocesses,totheworkersemployedinthefactory,theChiefInspector,thelocalauthoritywithinwhosejurisdictionthefactoryissituateandthegeneralpublicinthevicinity.

(2)Theoccupiershall,atthetimeofregisteringthefactoryinvolvingahazardousprocess,laydownadetailedpolicywithrespecttothehealthandsafetyoftheworkersemployedthereinandintimatesuchpolicytotheChiefInspectorandthelocalauthorityand,thereafter,atsuchintervalsasmaybeprescribed,informtheChiefInspectorandthelocalauthorityofanychangemadeinthesaidpolicy

(3) The information furnished under subsection (1) shall include accurate information as to thequantity,specificationsandothercharacteristicsofwastesandthemanneroftheirdisposal.

(4)Everyoccupiershall,withtheapprovaloftheChiefInspector,drawupanonsiteemergencyplanand detailed disaster control measures for his factory and make known to the workers employedthereinandtothegeneralpubliclivinginthevicinityofthefactorythesafetymeasuresrequiredtobetakenintheeventofanaccidenttakingplace.

(5)Everyoccupier of a factory shall, (a) if such factory engaged in ahazardousprocesson thecommencementoftheFactories(Amendment)Act,1987(2of1987),withinaperiodofthirtydaysofsuchcommencementand(b)ifsuchfactoryproposestoengageinahazardousprocessatanytimeaftersuchcommencement,withinaperiodofthirtydaysbeforethecommencementofsuchprocess,informtheChiefInspectorofthenatureanddetailsoftheprocessinsuchformandinsuchmannerasmaybeprescribed.



(6)Whereanyoccupierofafactorycontravenestheprovisionsofsubsection(5),thelicenceissuedunder section6 to such factory shall,notwithstandinganypenalty towhich theoccupierof factoryshallbesubjectedtoundertheprovisionsofthisAct,beliableforcancellation.

(7)Theoccupierofafactoryinvolvingahazardousprocessshall,withthepreviousapprovaloftheChiefInspector,laydownmeasuresforthehandling,usage,transportationandstorageofhazardoussubstances inside the factory premises and the disposal of such substances outside the factorypremises and publicise them in the manner prescribed among the workers and the general publiclivinginthevicinity.

*Sections41Bins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).

41C.SPECIFICRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEOCCUPIERINRELATIONTOHAZARDOUSPROCESSES.

*41C.Specificresponsibilityoftheoccupierinrelationtohazardousprocesses.Everyoccupierofafactoryinvolvinganyhazardousprocessshall

(a)maintainaccurateanduptodatehealthrecordsor,as thecasemaybe,medical records,of theworkersinthefactorywhoareexposedtoanychemical,toxicoranyotherharmfulsubstanceswhicharemanufactured,stored,handledortransportedandsuchrecordsshallbeaccessibletotheworkerssubjecttosuchconditionsasmaybeprescribed

(b)appointpersonswhopossessqualificationsandexperienceinhandlinghazardoussubstancesandarecompetenttosupervisesuchhandlingwithinthefactoryandtoprovideattheworkingplaceallthenecessaryfacilitiesforprotectingtheworkersinthemannerprescribed:

Provided that where any question arises as to the qualifications and experience of a person soappointed,thedecisionoftheChiefInspectorshallbefinal

(c)provideformedicalexaminationofeveryworker

(i)beforesuchworkerisassignedtoajobinvolvingthehandlingof,orworkingwith,ahazardoussubstance,and

(ii) while continuing in such job, and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals notexceedingtwelvemonths,insuchmannerasmaybeprescribed.

*Sections41Cins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).

41D.POWEROFCENTRALGOVERNMENTTOAPPOINTINQUIRYCOMMITTEE.

*41D.PowerofCentralGovernmenttoappointInquiryCommittee.(1)TheCentralGovernmentmay, in the event of the occurrence of an extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in ahazardousprocess, appoint an InquiryCommittee to inquire into the standardsofhealth and safetyobservedinthefactorywithaviewtofindingoutthecausesofanyfailureorneglectintheadoptionof anymeasures or standards prescribed for the health and safety of theworkers employed in thefactoryorthegeneralpublicaffected,orlikelytobeaffected,duetosuchfailureorneglectandfor



thepreventionandrecurrenceofsuchextraordinarysituationsinfutureinsuchfactoryorelsewhere.

(2) The Committee appointed under subsection (1) shall consist of a chairman and two othermembersandthetermsofreferenceoftheCommitteeandthetenureofofficeofitsmembersshallbesuchasmaybedeterminedbytheCentralGovernmentaccordingtotherequirementsofthesituation.

(3)TherecommendationsoftheCommitteeshallbeadvisoryinnature.

*Sections41Dins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).

41E.EMERGENCYSTANDARDS.

*41E.Emergency standards. (1)Where the Central Government is satisfied that no standards ofsafety have been prescribed in respect of a hazardous process or class of hazardous processes, orwhere the standards so prescribed are inadequate, it may direct the DirectorGeneral of FactoryAdviceServiceandLabourInstitutesoranyinstitutionspecialisedinmattersrelatingtostandardsofsafetyinhazardousprocesses,tolaydownemergencystandardsforenforcementofsuitablestandardsinrespectofsuchhazardousprocesses.

(2)Theemergencystandardslaiddownundersubsection(1)shall,untiltheyareincorporatedintherulesmadeunderthisAct,beenforceableandhavethesameeffectasiftheyhadbeenincorporatedintherulesmadeunderthisAct.

*Sections41Eins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).

41F. PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF EXPOSURE OFCHEMICALANDTOXICSUBSTANCES.

*41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances.(1) The maximumpermissiblethresholdlimitsofexposureofchemicalandtoxicsubstancesinmanufacturingprocesses(whether hazardous or otherwise) in any factory shall be of the value indicated in the SecondSchedule.

(2)TheCentralGovernmentmay,atanytime,forthepurposeofgivingeffecttoanyscientificproofobtainedfromspecialisedinstitutionsorexperts inthefield,,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,makesuitablechangesinthesaidSchedule.

*Sections41Fins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.161988).

41G. WORKERS PARTICIPATION IN SAFETYMANAGEMENT.*41G.Workers participation in safetymanagement.(1)The occupier shall, in every factorywhereahazardousprocesstakesplace,orwherehazardoussubstancesareusedorhandled,setupaSafety Committee consisting of equal number of representatives of workers and management topromote cooperation between the workers and the management in maintaining proper safety and



healthatworkandtoreviewperiodicallythemeasurestakeninthatbehalf:

ProvidedthattheStateGovernmentmay,byorderinwritingandforreasonstoberecorded,exempttheoccupierofanyfactoryorclassoffactoriesfromsettingupsuchcommittee.

(2)ThecompositionoftheSafetyCommittee,thetenureofofficeofitsmembersandtheirrightsanddutiesshallbesuchasmaybeprescribed.

*Sections41Gins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).

41H.RIGHTOFWORKERSTOWARNABOUTIMMINENTDANGER.

*41H.Rightofworkerstowarnaboutimminentdan

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