Factors Affecting Language Learning StrategiesNik Mohd Syamil Bin Nik Rasdin

A143847

AGE

Primary School Student

METACOGNITIVE

Secondary Student

COGNITIVE

University Student

METACOGNITIVE

Old Student

METACOGNITIVE

GENDER

Gender effect on the use of strategy

◦ Wharton (2000)

Females tend to be superior in verbal aptitude and social orientation and thus

tend to create more opportunities for interacting with other people than do

their male counterparts

◦ Ehrman and Oxford (1988: 260)

MOTIVATION

MOTIVATION

" A creative man is motivated by the

desire to achieve, not by the desire to

beat others.“

◦ Oxford and Nyikos (1989)

" A creative man is motivated by the

desire to achieve, not by the desire to

beat others.“

◦ (Ayn Rand)

Motivation affected the learner’s

choices of strategies the most strongly

of all the factors.

◦ Mochizuki (1999) and Wharton’s (2000)

ATTITUDE

Attitude plays an important role in LLS

Learners bring their

belief, goals, attitudes and decisions

to learning, and these influence how

they approach their learning.

◦ Gardner and Miller (2002)

LEARNING

STYLE

Visual Learner

Study by seeing pictures

Can remember things easier by using

charts

Can hardly focus when studying by

not looking

Auditory Learner

Auditory learners learn best by

hearing information

have strong language skills, which

include a well-developed vocabulary

and an appreciation for words.

can remember conversation they

heard quite accurately

Kinesthetic Learner

Learn best by moving their

bodies, activating their large or small

muscles

Often wiggle, tap their feet, or move

their legs when they sit

often well coordinated and have a

strong sense of timing and body

movement

Individual’s learning styles

preferences influence the type of LLS

they use

◦ (Ehrman and Oxford, 1990 ; Rossi-

Le, 1995; among others)

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