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Statistics presentation: Presented To Dr. Zafar Zaheer Presented by: Javeed Ali Khan Farhan Ullah Shah
| Date post: | 15-Jul-2015 |
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Statistics presentation:
Presented To
Dr. Zafar Zaheer
Presented by:
Javeed Ali Khan
Farhan Ullah Shah
Topic
Factors responsible
for
Child Labor
Introduction
Work that inhibits their full physical growth
Exploits child mentally physically and ethically and puts him away from education & other basic necessities of life.
Both in developed and developing countries.
Age restriction for child labor is 15 years in developed countries and 14 in developing countries.
Cont…….
350 million below age 14 to 15 (2004)
Both in formal and formal sectors all over the world
Majority in agricultural sector
Started in 18th century during the industrial revaluation
Asia (53%) Africa (30%) Latin America (7%)
Child labor in Pakistan
In Pakistan we observed that from long span of time the percentage of child labor
increases a lot. Above 40% of child labor working in manufacturing sectors.
Children’s do work because to support their families which are living under thedominance of poverty . Many NGO’S are fighting against child labor but still child
labor exist in Pakistan
Cont…
According to unofficial estimates,
during
2004–05, 8–10 million children in
Pakistan
were employed in various sectors.
Officially, 3.5 million children were
acknowledged to be a part of the labor
force.
Need of Study
The issue of child labor is a very
serious problem in Pakistan.
It inhibits child from basic necessities
of life
This research will contribute in
reducing child labor
Creating awareness to the families to
give education to the child in society
Objective of Study
The main purpose of the study was to
find out the factors which are
responsible for child labor
Giving suggestions to reduce child
labor and promoting education in
relevant area.
Significance of the Study
Benefit for local
authoruty,NGOs,educational
departments, affected families and
community to reduce the problem.
Area of study
Peshawar is the area of the study.
Most of children are working here in
different fields like
shops,workshops,resturants etc
Selection of respondent
Selected from area where people are
poor and working class.
Where child labor issue is high.
Respondent were selected randomly
from different sectors
Methodology
The method used in this study is
totally qualitative
Identify the reasons that result in
increase in child labor and take away
child from school
Primarily data was collected through
questionnaire
Cont..
Data was collected through interviews and focused group discussion(FGD)
It is interpreted through different statistical diagrams and tables to analyzed using percentages and frequencies
Secondary data was collected from research papers, books, articles and internet
Sampling size and techniques
Child labor that are at age of 6 to 15
The sample size is 35
children who are selected randomly.
Area of study
Child labor is prevailing all over KPK
but the ratio of poor people is high in
board bazaar therefore it is selected
as an area of study
Most of child labor is in sectors i.e.
shops small tea restaurants
workshops in the study area
variables
dependent variable is child labor
Independent variables are age,
gender, parental status, size of family,
nature of work, education level of
parents, education of child and reason
for working
statistics
Age
what is your age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 5 to 9 14 40.0 40.0 40.0
10 to 14 16 45.7 45.7 85.7
15 to 17 5 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
gender
gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid male 27 77.1 77.1 77.1
FEMALE 8 22.9 22.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Size of family
Size of family
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 5 to 7 6 17.1 17.1 17.1
8 to 10 22 62.9 62.9 80.0
more than 10 7 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
What kind of work done by
childnature of the work
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid waiter 10 28.6 28.6 28.6
helper at shop 16 45.7 45.7 74.3
workshop 4 11.4 11.4 85.7
selling cheap item in street 5 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Family statusFamily status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid average 12 34.3 34.3 34.3
poor 15 42.9 42.9 77.1
below poverty line 8 22.9 22.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Education of parents
education level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid illiterate 25 71.4 71.4 71.4
primary 7 20.0 20.0 91.4
metric 3 8.6 8.6 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Education of working children
education of child
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid illiterate 19 54.3 54.3 54.3
primary 16 45.7 45.7 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Income of household per
month
income of household per month
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid below 5000 17 48.6 48.6 48.6
6000 to 9000 13 37.1 37.1 85.7
10000 to 15000 5 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Reason for work
Reason of work
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid help family 20 57.1 57.1 57.1
learning skill 15 42.9 42.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Parental status
parental status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid both alive 35 100.0 100.0 100.0
Father’s occupationfather occupation
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid driver 10 28.6 28.6 28.6
mechanic 3 8.6 8.6 37.1
labour 22 62.9 62.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
Wages given to child per
month
wages given to children per month
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid below 1000 14 40.0 40.0 40.0
1100 to 1500 17 48.6 48.6 88.6
1600 to 2000 4 11.4 11.4 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
conclusion
The major factors which contribute
toward child labor is unemployment of
parents.
Lack of education is 2nd important factor.
The basic reason of child labor is parent
lack of interest in education
Law and order situation in Peshawar
Economical conditions of area
over population is also main cause for
child labor
Cont…
Class discrimination is a reason for child labor
Education of child
Parents education
Family status
Family income
Recommendation
The government should provide income generating activities in the area.
Government should take measures to control the high birth rate ,family planning should be widely introduced in the area.
illiteracy ranks second to poverty so free education should be provided in the area to over come this issue.
The role of NGOs is also important they should conduct seminars regarding negative effects of child labor.
Objectives versus Outcomes
The main objectives discussed earlier were to indentify the factors responsible for child labor so we indentify these factors .
The second objective was to give recommendations to relevant authorities which are responsible for child labor.
Recommendations were given to government, NGOs ,Parents, and local authorities to diminish child labor form our society.
Criticism
The statistical tool used in this
research is only frequency distribution
He collected data only from urban
area and generalize it on whole kpk
which include both rural and urban
areas
The situation in rural areas are
different from those in urban areas.
Cont….
Few conclusions were not actually
covered in research, e.g.
(Law and order situation in Peshawar,
Economical conditions of area, Class
discrimination is a reason for child
labor),
but these were included in conclusion
part
Very small sample size and not
representative sample size.
