Faculty of Education

Additional QualificationsSummer 2009

Module 01First Presentation

André Samson Ph.D., c.o.

Overview of the Overview of the PresentationPresentation1. History of Career Counselling

1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)

1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939)

1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959)

1.4 Organisational Development (1960-1979)

1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers (1980-1989)

2. Globalization and Career Counselling

2.1 Knowledge Economy

2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling

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The development of career The development of career counselling can be attributed counselling can be attributed to:to:Economic Development

Transformation of the Workplace

Social Changes

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

IntroductionIntroduction

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This period in time is This period in time is characterized by:characterized by:

The industrialisation of North America

Urbanization

The birth of a new social class

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)

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Frank ParsonsFrank Parsons Recognized as the «Father of Vocational

Guidance» Parsons is best known for his interests

in helping individuals make occupational and career choices

Educated as an Engineer and a Lawyer Established a placement agency for youth Opened the «Vocations Bureau» in Boston In 1909, he published «Choosing a

Vocation»

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)

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Frank ParsonsFrank Parsons Developed a framework to help individuals

decide on a career Pushed to create career counselling programs

in schools Introduced psychometric testing to the career

counselling field His theories continue to influence career

counselling today

“It is better to choose a vocation than merely to hunt a job”

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)

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Frank ParsonsFrank Parsons Parsons’ career counselling principles are:

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919)

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The context of the era: Growing student population Industrialisation requires a

workforce that is better educated Urbanization promotes individual

development The economy encourages and

supports the creation of new occupations

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939)1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939)

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Career Counselling: Is developing in schools The clientele is comprised exclusively of

students Emphasis is put on individual counselling Testing is widely utilized The goal is to promote employability The focus is placed on the possibilities of

the labour market The priority is to answer to the growing

demands of industry

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939)1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939)

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The social context: The end of World War II is driving

social development Millions of veterans are now joining

the workforce The workforce is becoming more and

more complex Graduate Studies are expanding

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors 1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959)(1940-1959)

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Evolution of the counselling profession:

Counsellor education programs can now be found in Universities

Creation of the first professional organizations

Publication of the first scientific journals Social recognition of the role of a career

counsellor

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors 1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959)(1940-1959)

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Emergence of a new paradigm: The practice becomes less directive A greater importance is granted to the

individual The counsellor acts as more of a

facilitator New theories of career choice emerge Parsons’ theory is evolving

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors 1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959)(1940-1959)

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Social context: Emergence of the individual Increasing need to develop as a

person The definition of work evolves Work becomes a source of

personal gratification Work conditions are improving

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.4 Organisational Development (1960-1.4 Organisational Development (1960-1979)1979)

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Practical Applications of the Profession:

Career counsellors can now be found working in organisations

Counselling expands to all age groups

Development of educational interventions

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.4 Organisational Development (1960-1.4 Organisational Development (1960-1979)1979)

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Social context: Influence of new technologies First industrial restructuring

Major job losses Exportation of goods and

production Creation of casual work

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers 1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers (1980-1989)(1980-1989)

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Practical Applications of the Profession:

Beginning of career counselling in private practice

Development of post-modern approaches

Emergence of multicultural counselling

Conscious of ethical implications

1. History of Career 1. History of Career CounsellingCounselling

1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers 1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers (1980-1989)(1980-1989)

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Emergence of a global economy The collapse of the tariff barriers to trade and the

emergence of international economies have contributed to a global economy

Both public and private organisations are forced to develop and operate in a growing competitive context

This global competition has forced organisations to continually adapt and reinvent themselves

Furthermore, technological advances are also playing an important role in this global economy

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

IntroductionIntroduction

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Globalization and new technologies require a workforce that is: Qualified

Flexible

Open to change

Able to adapt quickly

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

2.1 Knowledge Economy2.1 Knowledge Economy

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Globalization quickly devalues knowledge acquired in an educational setting

This is why the diploma becomes a minimal condition of entry to the workforce It is no longer guaranteed to grant success

Employees must expect to change occupations several times throughout their careers

Companies are looking for a workforce that is mobile, autonomous and well qualified

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

2.1 Knowledge Economy2.1 Knowledge Economy

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They hire to fill a present need, which is often temporary

This explains the growing number of work status’ (seasonal, contract, part-time,...)

In conclusion, employees can no longer expect to work for the same company for a long period of time

Workers must be prepared to face several successive transitions and continue a lifelong learning process, in order to remain employable

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

2.1 Knowledge Economy2.1 Knowledge Economy

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Lifelong learningContinual learning throughout your

career

Development of qualifications

Acquisition of personal skills

Autonomy

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

2.1 Knowledge Economy2.1 Knowledge Economy

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2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

« We are living in the future. « We are living in the future. I’ll tell you how I know. I’ll tell you how I know.

I read about it in the paper I read about it in the paper fifteen years ago.» fifteen years ago.»

John PrimeJohn Prime

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Career counsellors must encourage their clients:

To take charge of their careers Define their own norms Help the clients redefine their career plan based on

their personal reality This does not mean reorganising the client’s

existence solely based on their remunerated work. It is important for the client to also factor in other

aspects of their life (family, leisure, volunteering, …)

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling 2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling

The role of a career counsellor is not only to help the client function within a certain economy

The counsellor must primarily help the client define a lifelong career plan that is tailored to the individual’s realities

This new role stems from the fact that the new economy no longer provides one permanent stable career Our society is no longer homogeneous

It is up to each individual to write and interpret their own life story

2. Globalization and Career 2. Globalization and Career CounsellingCounselling

2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling 2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling

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