PERFORMANCE OF PROFILED STEEL SHEET DRY BOARD PANEL (PSSDB)
AGAINST FLEXURAL AND VIBRATION
Ghazali Bin Ahmad
Bachelor of Engineering with Honours
(Civil Engineering)
2010
Faculty of Engineering
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
BORANG PENGESAHAN
JUDUL: PERFORMANCE OF PROFILED STEEL SHEET DRY BOARD PANEL (PSSDB)
AGAINST FLEXURAL AND VIBRATION
SESI PENGAJIAN: 2009-20010
Saya GHAZALI BIN AHMAD
(HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan tesis * ini disimpan di Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik,
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Tesis adalah hakmilik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
2. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat
salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Membuat pendigitan untuk membangunkan Pangkalan Data Kandungan Tempatan.
4. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat
salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
5. ** Sila tandakan ( √ ) di kotak yang berkenaan
SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan
Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972).
TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan).
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh
___________________________ ____________________________
(TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Alamat Tetap: lot 642, Lorong 7, Taman Jumbo, PROF MADYA DR EHSAN AHMED
Petagas, (Nama Penyelia)
88200 Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah.
Tarikh: 19 April 2010 Tarikh: ____________________
√
Catatan: * Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Sarjana dan
Sarjana Muda.
** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak
berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis
ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
This project report attached here to, entitle “PERFORMANCE OF PROFILED
STEEL SHEET DRY BOARD PANEL (PSSDB) AGAINST FLEXURAL AND
VIBRATION” prepared and submitted by GHAZALI BIN AHMAD (16263) as a
partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree of Bachelor of Engineering with
Honors in Civil Engineering is hereby read and approve by:
_____________________________ Date: ___________________
(PROF MADYA DR EHSAN AHMED)
Project Supervisor
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
ii
“ I declare that this project report entitled “PERFORMANCE OF PROFILED STEEL
SHEET DRY BOARD PANEL (PSSDB) AGAINST FLEXURAL AND VIBRATION”
is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not
been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any
other degree”
Signature :…………………………..
Name : Ghazali Bin Ahmad
Date : 12 APRIL 2010
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank all parties who have given the co-operation to me in writing
this project report. I am sincerely grateful to my supervisor Assoc., Prof. Ehsan Ahmed
for his continuous support, guidance and valuable advice and motivation in this project.
He has set a high standard to conduct this study and his valuable suggestions and
guidance have provided me the motivation needed to complete this project report.
Besides, I would also thank to my family and friends for their supports and
encouragement. Their encouragement provided the often-needed motivation and
inspirations for me to push through the hard times. Last but not least, I would like to
acknowledge the contributions of those who have helped either directly or indirectly in
the completion of this project.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Acknowledgement iii
Abstrak iv
Abstract v
List of Figures x
List of Tables xii
List of Notation xiv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Composite Floor 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of Research 4
1.3 Scope of Work 5
1.4 Structure of Study 5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE RIVIEW
2.1 Overview of PSSDB system 7
2.2 Uses of PSSDB System as a Flooring System 10
2.3 Component Material 10
2.3.1 Profiled Steel Sheet 10
2.3.2 Dry board 13
vii
2.4 History of PSSDB System 15
2.4.1 Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman (1994) 17
2.4.2 E.Ahmed (1996) 19
2.4.3 E.Ahmed, W.H Badaruzzaman and 20
H.D Wright (2000)
2.4.4 E.Ahmed, W.H Badaruzzaman and 20
H.D Wright (2002)
2.4.5 W.H BAdaruzzaman, M.F.M Zaina, 21
A.M. Akhand, E.Ahmed (2003)
2.5 Vibration 22
2.6 Natural Frequency 24
2.6.1 Allen (1985, 1990) 25
2.6.2 Reiher and Meister (1931) and 27
Lenzen (1966)
2.6.3 Murray (1975) 27
2.6.4 Murray (1981) 28
2.7 Impact Heel Drop Test 31
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Methodology 34
3.3 Material Properties 35
3.4 Theoretical Study 35
viii
3.4.1 Theoretical Rigidity of PSSDB panel 35
3.4.2 Theoretical Natural frequency 36
3.5 Experimental Study and Test 37
3.5.1 Flexural Test 37
3.5.2 Vibration Test 38
CHAPTER 4 THEORETICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
4.1 Introduction 39
4.2 Full partial interaction analysis 40
4.2.1 Elastic neutral axis within the steel section 40
4.3 Fundamental natural frequency. 42
CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND RESULT DISCUSSION
5.1 Introduction 44
5.2 Component Material Test 45
5.2.1 Modulus Elasticity of Plywood 45
5.2.2 Test Arrangement 47
5.2.3 Result Analysis 49
5.2.4 Profile Steel Sheet 50
5.3 Modeling of Profiled Steel Sheet dry board (PSSDB) 51
5.4 Flexural Test 52
5.4.1 Equipment 53
5.4.1 Test Arrangement 54
ix
5.4.2 Experimental Result for Flexural Test 56
5.4.3 Discussion of Results for Flexural Test 59
5.5 Vibration Test 60
5.5.1 Test Equipment. 61
5.5.2 Test Arrangement 64
5.5.3 Experimental Result for Impact Heel Test 67
5.5.4 Result and Discussion for Impact Heel Test 72
5.5.5 Effective Span Length 73
5.5.6 Effect of Material Stiffness to Natural 75
Frequency
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.0 Conclusion 77
6.1 Recommendations 79
REFERENCES 81
APPENDIX A1-A4 86
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Description Page
2.1 Steelon deck SDP-51with section properties 12
2.2 Bondek II with section properties 13
2.3 Illustrate the PSSDB system which consists of profiled 16
steel sheeting compositely connected by self tapping screw
to ply- or chip boarding to form individual panels.
2.4 Structural component of BCCFP panel system developed 19
by W.H Wan Badaruzzaman (1994)
2.5 Vibration of a 6.7 Hz floor due to aerobics at 2.25 Hz4 26
2.6 Modified Reiher-Meister Scale (Band 1996) 28
2.7 Recommended Peak Accelerations 30
2.8 Heel-Drop Impact and Approximation 32
2.9 Typical Floor Response to Heel Impact 32
(High frequencies filtered out)
3.1 Flow Chart 34
4.1 Neutral axes within the steel section 41
5.1 3 Point Bending Test Arrangement 46
5.2 Three Point Bending Test 46
5.3 Testometric Machine 47
5.4 Graph Force (kN) versus Stroke (mm) 47
xi
5.5 Load Applied to Sample 48
5.6 Bending occurs in sample when load applied 48
5.7 Profiled Steel Sheeting Steelon SDP-1.0 50
5.8 Materials arrangement 51
5.9 PSSDB sample 51
5.10 PSSDB system connected using self self-drilling and 52
screw tapping
5.11 Transducers 53
5.12 Hydraulic Hand Jack 53
5.13 Data logger VCAM-60A 54
5.14 Flexural Test Arrangement 55
5.15 Single Uniform Load 55
5.16 Transducers at the mid and quarter span of the sample 56
5.17 Graph Load-Deflection at mid span 57
5.18 Graph Load-Deflection at Quarter-span 57
5.19 Typical Failure of the Specimen under load 58
5.20 Deflection at mid-span occurs when subjected to load 58
5.21 Pulse Front-end Type 3560 D 61
5.22 Front-End Power Adapter 62
5.23 Ethernet Crossover Cable 62
5.24 ENDEVCO ISOTRON® Accelerometer Model 751-100 62
5.25 Cable connecting accelerometer and Pulse Front-End 63
5.26 Notebook with Pulse Labshop software installed 63
xii
5.27 Power Supply 63
5.28 Pulse Vibration Analyzer equipments configuration 64
5.29 Accelerometer position 65
5.30 Close up view for Accelerometer position 65
5.31 Impact Heel Test position 66
5.32 Typical Heel impact acceleration response at mid apan for panel 66
5.33 (a) Impact Heel Test 1 68
5.33 (b) Fourier analysis for Test 1 69
5.34 (a) Impact Heel Test 2 69
5.34 (b) Fourier Analysis for Test 2 70
5.35 (a) Impact heel Test 3 70
5.35 (b) Fourier analysis for Test 3 71
5.36 (a) Impact Heel Test 4 71
5.36 (b) Fourier analysis for Test 4 72
xiv
LIST OF NOTATIONS
Notation Description
As – Area of Steel Section
Cb – Various end condition support for panel
Es – Modulus Elasticity of Steel Plate
Eb – Modulus Elasticity of Dry board
L – Span Length
M – Mass
W/P – Load
S – Deflection
b – Width
d – Depth
y’s – Depth of Neutral axis of the steel section from the
top of the boarding
y – Depth of neutral axis of the composite section
f – Ultimate Bending Strength
fn – Natural Frequency
Ic – Second moment of area of steel section
Ix – Second moment of area about x-axis
– Increment
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Description Page
2.1 Materials Properties of Dry Boards 14
4.1 Comparison to Bondek II with different types of dryboard 42
4.2 Section properties for Bondek II and SDP51-1mm 42
5.1 Material properties for different types of dry board 49
5.2 Steelon Deck SDP-51 Section Properties 50
5.3 Flexural Test Results 56
5.4 Comparison of actual stiffness and fully composite stiffness 59
5.5 Natural frequency and damping coefficient for different tests 68
5.6 Average natural frequency and damping coefficient 68
5.7 Comparison of Natural Frequency for test panel 72
5.8 Different span length of PSSDB system with its natural frequency 74
5.9 Natural frequency from different types of PSSDB materials 75
iv
ABSTRAK
Kertas kerja ini membincangkan prestasi struktur sistem lantai kering (PSSDB) kepada
lenturan dan getaran. Cadangan sistem lantai kering ini terdiri daripada papan lapis yang
disambungkan ke atas plat keluli berprofil secara mekanikal mudah dengan mengunakan
skru. PSSDB sistem telah digunakan secara meluas sebagai sistem lantai dalam
pembinaan pada masa ini. Sebagai sistem lantai, getaran yg dihasilkan oleh manusia
menjadi semakin penting terutamanya dalam isu-isu yang melibatkan keselamatan.
Oleh kerana itu, faktor dan kesan getaran amat penting untuk dinilai dalam sesebuah
bangunan. Kertas kerja ini akan memfokuskan kepada kaedah teoritikal dan
eksperimental untuk menentukan keseluruhan prestasi sistem PSSDB terhadap lenturan
dan getaran. Setiap parameter yang member kesan kepada prestasi system PSSDB akan
dibincang kemudian dalam kertas kerja ini. Melalui kertas kerja ini, kita dapat melihat
system PSSDB yang mengekalkan frekuensi semula jadi melebihi 8Hz dapat member
keselesaan kepada penguna dari segi getaran.
v
ABSTRACT
This paper describe the performance of Profiled steel sheet dry board panel system
(PSSDB) against flexural and vibration. The PSSDB panel was consisting of plywood
attached to the top layer of profiled steel sheet by self-drilling, self-tapping screw
connector. PSSDB system has been widely used as flooring system in construction
nowadays. As a flooring system, human induced vibration are becoming increasingly
vital serviceability and safety issues. Therefore, factors and effects of vibration is very
important to be evaluated in a building. This paper will be focusing on theoretical and
experimental procedures to determine the overall performance of PSSDB system due to
flexural and vibration. Each parameter that effecting the performance of PSSDB system
against vibration and flexural will be discussed subsequently in this paper. It is shown
that PSSDB system obtained natural frequency above 8Hz for a practical span length
and hence, will be comfortable for occupants of building in terms of vibration.
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Composite Floor System
In last of few decades, an advance Research of various types of composite slab
materials had been developing rapidly. Profiled steel sheeting dry board system or
PSSDB is one type of the composite slab that had been widely used as flooring system
in construction. Composite slabs have been used as a method especially in suspended
floor construction .This suspended floor construction was first used for steel-framed
buildings in North America. But within last 30 years, an advance method of design
procedure, and a wide range of profiled sheeting’s has become available in Europe. In
1982, The British standard for the composite floor design had been developing.
2
PSSDB was first invented by Wright, Burt and Evans in 1987 at United
Kingdom. This method were use combination of profiled steel sheeting system and dry
board that joined together as a replacement of timber joist flooring for small-scale
domestic building. This system was successfully invented not only for load bearing
flooring system, but also in walling and roofing members system in buildings.
Based on the structural engineering historical, there are many advances in
structural engineering that have increased the efficiency of design in construction. Such
increases in technology ranging from new materials, design codes, and construction
techniques have allowed the completion of great monumental structures. Although these
advancements may allow completion of lightweight systems with higher strength than
their ancestral predecessors, serviceability problems can still arise in these more
efficient products such as floor vibrations.
As for flooring system, Vibration problems in floor systems have long been a
serviceability concern of engineers (Murray 1991). Although these floor vibrations are
no threat to the structural integrity of the floor system, they can be so uncomfortable to
the occupants that the floor system may be rendered useless. Since the amplitude
required to annoy occupants and the frequency range of most floor systems are both
small, it is usually difficult to correct the problem after construction. Although there are
many different methods to correct annoying floor systems, they are usually expensive
3
and inconvenient to the occupant. The best time to consider vibration acceptability is
during the design process. There has been several design procedures established
worldwide that address the serviceability of very lightweight floor systems. Current
methods of vibration prediction in floor systems range from hand calculations of a
simplified model to complex finite element models. The varieties of techniques usually
yield different results due to the different simplifying assumptions in each method and
because of the general complex nature of the floor vibrations.
Floor vibrations are a serviceability issue that can occur in a system that is
perfectly sound from a strength standpoint. This issue is primarily caused by the
combined use of lightweight concrete and high-strength materials that are used to
fabricate flexible, long span floor systems. Based on this factor, stiffness of composite
panel played an important role to determine the effect of vibration. Therefore further
studies on this parameter need to be carried out in order to prevent and minimize the
vibration effects.
The structural behavior of the propose system must be fully understood before its
potentials can be realized. This study looks into several aspects of floor vibration and
others factor effecting such as material stiffness to achieve a greater understanding of
the phenomenon in general. This chapter presents the scope of study, related
terminology, background information and history, current research, and the need for
4
research, followed by a summary of the following chapters. The objective of this
research is to investigate the performance of PSSDB system Using locally available
materials against flexural and vibration test.
1.2 Aim and Objectives of Research
The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of Profiled steel
sheet dry board panel (PSSDB) against flexural and vibration. In order to achieve this
objective, there are 5 sets of aims had been identify.
To get available material for Profile steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) and
construct the floor panel.
To determine the individual material properties for PSSDB panel in the
laboratory.
To conduct flexural test on PSSDB panel to evaluate its stiffness and impact
heel test to evaluate the natural frequency of the panel.
To perform theoretical study to evaluate the flexural and vibration
performance of PSSDB panel.
To compare and discuss result in order to identify various parameter
affecting the performance of PSSDB panel.
5
1.3 Scope of Work
This research study on performance of PSSDB system against flexural and
vibration based on the theoretical analysis and experimental work. It consists of the
studies on materials properties of PSSDB panel, interaction between composite layer,
composite stiffness and the first fundamental natural frequency. From the findings and
the studies on the appropriate design code and standard, this study is aimed to propose a
manual method to calculate the composite stiffness of PSSDB panel and its natural
frequency. Analytical result were simulated for data given in some existing published
paper which is related to this study. Comparison of results was made to verify the
purpose method.
The study also covers the survey for the availability and accessibility of dry
board and profiled steel sheet in Malaysia market. Thus possibility of conducting a
laboratory test for a PSSDB system was evaluated. The study also describes the
approach in which the experiments are conducted. The experimental test was conducted
to provide some practical results of flexural and vibration test for PSSDB system,
Therefore, the result can be used to validate the analytical result.
1.4 Structure of Study
In order to obtain an overview of this study, the chapters are stated below with a
short description of the content.
6
Chapter 1 of this study is a concise introduction on the study of composite Slab
system as a material in construction. Objective and structure of study are also outline
in this chapter.
Chapter 2 is a literature review on the overview of PSSDB system, history of
PSSDB system, materials used and performance of PSSDB system due to vibration.
Chapter 3 is a methodology of this study that describes the theoretical and
experimental development of this study. This chapter will discuss more detailed on
experiment procedure for Flexural test and Impact heel test that used to evaluate the
performance of PSSDB system against vibration and Flexural test.
Chapter 4 describes the theoretical and analysis of the study. The chapter
illustrates the method proposed to calculate theoretical composite stiffness and
theoretical natural frequency of PSSDB panel.
Chapter 5 discusses the procedure and approach in which the experiments are
conducted. It also consists of comparison of the analytical result and experimental
results.
Chapter 6 state the concise summary of the research and recommendation for
future works.
7
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview of PSSDB system
An innovation of lightweight thin walled composite construction system or also
known as profiled steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) system was envisaged as a
replacement to traditional flooring and walling system in domestic building
construction. Profiled steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) system usually consists of profiled
steel sheeting that compositely connected to plywood, chipboard, or cement-boarding to
form individual panels. The PSSDB system had a considerable potential when it
assemble with folded plate into a configuration. The used of this system become more
significant when demand of new concept in building system technology become
increasingly such as steel building system that consist of composite slab, hollow block
panel, lightcrete panels, drywall building system and other similar industrialized system.
8
Profiled steel sheet dry board also had given lots of benefit for floor, bearing
wall panels, folded plate roof structure and small bridge application. Compare to the
traditional method of construction, PSSDB system is more reliable and have shorter
periods time of construction. Together from the speed of construction and earlier
occupation time of building, and no waste of temporary construction materials, the
PSSDB system also appeals to many clients as a lightweight panel. The weight of this
panel is approximately a quarter of the weight of normal reinforced concrete slab.
Therefore with this capability, weight floor of the buildings can be significantly reduced.
Profile steel sheeting is a very thin for economic reasons, usually between
0.8mm and 1.2mm. It has to be galvanized to resist corrosion, and this adds about
00.4mm to the overall thickness, it is specified in EN 1993-1-3 that where design is
based on the nominal thickness of the steel, the sheet must have at least 95% of that
thickness. The sheet is made by pressed or cold rolled in typically wide about 1-m and
up to 6m long. They are designed in longitudinal span direction only. For many years,
steel sheeting were typically 50mm deep and the limiting span about 3m. The cost of
propping the sheets during concreting, to reduce deflections, lead to the development of
deeper profiles; but design of composite slab is still often governed by a limit on
deflections (Johnson, 2004)
