S SE
U S UC SS E S S E SCI SS
Twilight over Burma
By
“ UC SS U S MC S S S SS I SSS S I UC SAM S”
CCCCS
U S UC SS E S S E SCI SS
M SS - CI
C SC S S - A
I U SC I S
- 500
SC
C C S S SS SS
I SC CI SSC S
EC SC I S I U S I U S
I U S S
CI S S MC SSC SS
E I UC S
M SSE
I C SSC SS
I U S C S
C SSC S
E I UC S
SS SS ...
I SS
E SC S
I U S
M SS
A SC SC SSC S C SC S SSS
SS C SE CE S
A SC SC SC SS M SS
A S I SC S
I S
I U SS S
C SS I SS C SEAEE M SSC S SC SS I C SS M SS C SS
C M S C SSC S C SC SC S
“C I U SSC SSC S
SCI S I U S S
AE M SS M SS MC S
EC S
EC SS S”
C S C SSE EC SS
Dr.
SC SSCE SS C S S I U SS
SSC SA S
CMC S U S MC SS
EC
CM SSA S MC SS
MC SS SSC C
SS U SC SC S
C S SE
SA SS
AM S SC SC SC SC
E SCI SS A SAM SC SC SS S M SSC S S
C I S 2008
C C A S S
“C S SSC SS” (Lords of
the Sunset) A S
U S UC SS E S
I SC S SC S
I U SS U SS S
C S Twilight over Burma
E C SC U SS M SS A SC SS I U S
I SC SC S S
AI S I C S I C SC SS I C SE
C AM S S S S
C MC SS S
C S S C SC S
C SC SCI S C SS S
UC SC S I U S S S
“CC S UC SC I C SS”
E E S S
A S E SS A SCI SC C SS SS
S SC S
I U S SC SC
M SS
AM S M S I C SE
S S EC I C SS S A SC S IC S I S SEC SS
SC SS U S
( UC SC SS)
S
S
EC S
ACSC S M SCS M S I SS S E S1
EC S
A E SC S E SS M ECS S M S M S ECS A SE S S S
U S I SS S
C SS I S
S
C SECS U S S
S
A E SM S2 I SSA S SS S S E M S SA S S
M E S SSCI SSC SS S S SEACSC E S ECSCC S
MC S S MC S S I U S S S SCSCSE
E SCS
SCSS MCSS
M SC SESS S
A E SS E S
A EC SC SS S3
E CS MCS ICSSC S
I S I SS
S EC E
ECSSC SS S
MC SC I S
SS I S I SS
S
S U SS S S I U S I U SS M S
S MC S S
I U S E S
UCSS M ECS I S SS
SC 4 ES5
E SC I S6 S
MC SC I S SEC SS S C S SS S CC S SC S S
MC SC I S E S E SM7E M SS I SC SC S ECSCI S A SS
MC S S I U SC SSE S S
1 Tad
2 Andrew
ii CS UCSCI SS
EC I U SAM SCC S
EC SACSC S SS M ECS
C MC S
I S S8 M SS U SC E S9 I U SSEACSC E SC S
CI S S
U S S S E SCS MC S S I U S C E S CI S S10
A SSAI S I S
S MCS A 11
E S S SE S
I SCC S
S
I U SS U SS
MC S S I U S
S I SS SS S
I SS
SSCI SSC S E S I SSEC C S SC E S I SS M ECS
S M S
E I U S CSS I U SS U SS SS SE SAM SC S
S EC I U S I U S S S CS U S SE S
SS SS SS SEACS I UCSS SEAI SS
8 Bob Pritzker
9 Charles Goodman
10 Bil Hamilton
E S
SS SS S
CI SCSSS SS
E SC E S E S SS I S
C E SCI SC
1966
I S U S
C S S M S E S E SC S12 CSS I S
C SSS M M S S S13
A SC E SE S
CI SC S SC S IC SS
E SS E S S C S
E M S EC SC
(15)14 SSE SS
E S S15
A SE SS S I U S
CI SSEA S S SS
I U SS S I S
E SS
C E S A SS ECSS I U S M SS SSE SS
SSE C SC I S
EA S
S SS SC SCSSE E SCS S I SSE S S
EC SC SE
SS SC S S SS SSE SS S C S SCS S
SE S
UCSSE SCI SSS E SS E S SC S
SCSS C SSC S
EC S U SS U SS SS SS
I S SSA S I S
C S I SE SE S M S M SAM S
SS S SCM S
A S MCS C S
E S SE
EC S E S SE SE I U SSCE S SS I SS
AM S SSSAC S
E M SSA S EC S S
CI SSE S SS SSAM S
EASS SSE I S
SS SC S
C SSC I U S
SE
A S I U SS
SS S SE
C SEA I SSAM S U S I U S SAC SEASS SS C S
IC SSC SE I S E SSC SE I S U SCI U SSC S MCSSC S SCS
12 Volkswagen Beetle
13 Schloss Laudon
iv CS UCSCI SS
E
S SC S SC S E S
SSE A S
S I S SS
SS I SS
I U S I U S C S SC S IC SSCE S S
SS E S
SS SC S E S SSE
I SSC E S SSEASS SSCS
CS S
AM S SCI U SS SSE SCSE
SS I SS S
E U SCI U SS U S I SSC SS M SEE E S SS
EC SS S S
C S SS I SS
E U S I S SSC S ECS ECS EC S EC S S
SS I SSAM SSAC S S S
“ SC SS MCS I U SS S”
SS I SSC S SE
SS SS S
A S
I U SS S I S S
C S
SS I SSAM SSAC SE
SS MCSS
SS I SSC S
S S
SSS U S U S
SSEASS SSE I S
C S S I S SSSE S E S
S C I U S SS C S SS SS
SS I SSC SE S S S
“ SE I S CSE S M SS I S
E”
SS I SSAM S
SSSAC S SE
UC S S A SC SSE
S
“CSS S
ACS I S S C S SC S UCS S
SS MCS I U SS S M S U S S
AI SS I SEA ”
U S I SSC SS M SEE I U S IC SSCI U SSC S
SS I SSC S S S I U SS CS I U SCS I U S
“AI UCS ...
C SS I U S I SAI S
C SSACSEC S S A ”
SS I SSSAC S SE UCS MC S I U SSCSSE S
CS UCSCI SS v
E SC S S I S S M S”
E
SSSE U S U S
C S SS S
SS I S
S
C E S MCS I U SS SE I SS16
S E SSC M S I U SS
E I U SS E SS
C M SC SCI SS
CI SC SC SC S S
SS I SSC S S
C E SECS SSC SS I U S S I SEC SS17
C SE E A
SS I U SC SS
I SC SS18 M SS
C AM SC S E S
E SS E S
S SS SSC E S S U S S MCS I U SS S
A SACS S
SEC I S S
MC SC I S
U S M SC M SC
I SSC E S
S
I U SS S U S S
SS
S MC S S S I U SS S
C S MCSSC SC S IC SSC S E SE SS E S S S S
A S
E M M S S S SS S
MCS I U SS SE I SSE
E SE E
SEC SC S S E SS S S19
E I U S
E S I U SS SEC I S U SS SSCI SSEA S
S SS S
SS I SSAM S SSSAC S
E SSEE SS
E I U SC SC M SC SCI SS
E I S S U S U SS S C E S
AI SS I SS
A EC SC SS S20 S
EC S CI SSEC
AM S S A SS
C SS
S SS S S
CI SSEC
C S I SE S
SS E SS E SS I S
E E S C E SCI SSSCI SS I S
A SC S SS
CI SSC S
E S S SSAM SE
SSCI SSS SSE S
C E SCI SS
A SC SC SC E SEC I S
S I SS
C SSCS
C E S SM E S
SEC
E I U SS U SS
EA I SSAM S M SE
E S SSE
M M S S S MCSSC S
CI S I S U S
1966 SE C E S
U S I SS SM E S SS
AI SS I SS I U S S
C
16
I U SM C SC
SE SS
17
vi CS UCSCI SS
I S S
AI SS I SS
SS SM E S
AC S S S
E SS E S S21
ECI SSE S S SS22 CI SSA CS UCSACSS SS
CI S M SE
SE SS S MCS
CI S 1950
S IC SS I SS S M SS SM E S
I U SC
AI SS I SS
S
AI SS I SS A SS SM E S
C E S U S
E SSE S
CI SC I SCI S SS
E I S M SS S S M SE C E S
SS S SE C S M SCI S
CI S I SC M S
1953 S
EC SS ECSCI S
I S S 1947
SM E S
C C S S S MCS
CI SSA CS UCSACSS SS S
EC S SS
C U SC S E SSCI SS C E S S S
CI SSEC S
AI SS I SS
E SE EC S
SS 2
I S S ECSC S
1957 S
U S U SC E S
SS I U SS UCS S
CI SSEC
MCSS I S
SS S SS E
C AM S
C E SA S I U SE S I U SS SEC I S
SSCI SS S
S
CS IC SSC CI SS
CI SS SS
CI SC S S A CS S
C E S I U SSA SE S SE
C S S S SSC M S SSE
SSCI SS
A CS UCSC E SC
ECS I S
SS I SS E SS IM S23
I U S S
A E S
C S E S E S24
ECS M S
E SEC C S
CI S SS 1950
S IC SSCS U SS S
ECS S SSCC SC SS E S I S MC S S C S CS S
25
S “A SA CSS S
SSC I U S S
A CSCSS MCSS C S
SS I SSAM SSAC SE I S C E S SS I U SS UCS S S S S
CI S S
C E S I U SACSC E S
C SE SSC S MCSS
I U SC S
SCSS SS SE
SS I S E
CI SE S
21 Denver
Denver 22
CS UCSCI SS vii
SSCI SSEC SSCI SS
AM S S S CS SS S M SC E S CS
I S SE S S SS S S”
SE SM E S
E SS I S
CI SSA CS UCSACSS SS
S
CI SS E SCI SSEC E
A SC S S
C SC SC SCI SSC S
C S S I U SS
SSC SSC I S SCSSCI SS
CI SSC SS S
EC S
S SM E S
A S I U S S SS U SS SCSS
C SSA SS
A S I S M SS S
M S I SS S S
I U SC E SC S
SS E SS
E SS S S
EE S S M SE
EC E SC S S E
ICS
C SC S S S S
I S IC SS S U S MCSC SC S S
ACSA S
A S A S S
E S S S S S
E S I SC S I S
C SE CSS U S SS I S SSC S SC S
E M S SS
CI SSEC MC SC SSC S S A CS A CS I SS S SSCI SS
EC SSCI SS
EC SCS M SSC SE
EA S S SS
S S
CSS I U SS
S U SCU SS I U S S I SS
S E I U S
SSCI S
SS SEC S
I U S S
M S S S E
S
S S SS S
CI SC S S
I SE C S
C S SC M S I U S UCSS I U SSC S S
CI SE S S
SS SEC
EC E S CI SSS
E I S E
“CS SC SS S
SCI S S E S I S
CI SSS S S”
“C SS S SS
E SS SEACS S
C E S SS I U S
E SE I S
CI SC SC SS S S
SSC S S
I S
ACSCI SC SC S S
CI SE S
MC SC I S
SC M S I U S
I S S
I U SA S
C S S SCS
AM SCI SSEC SSC SS
S I S
SSCI SSEC SS M SS I S S S ECS
A S U S SS
CI SSC S
C S S”
CI SSC S
C S S”
viii
CS UCSCI SS
S S
CI S SC S M SCI S S S
C S S
I SS ICSS S E SM S I SS SESC SS
CI SS S M I U SS
S I SS MCSS
C S M SSCSS SS
E S S U SC S SC SC CI SSE U S MCS I U SS
S
E I SS E SCE S
CI S 1962
C SSA SC SSC I S SCI SS
S U SS
UCSSCS S
C S E SS S
S M SSCSSS S
SS
A SC SC S ECSCI U S I U SS M S S U S U SC E S
SS I SS
S
S SS SS I SS S
ACS S S
M SSCSSSC S S C S SS SS I SSAM S I S S S S
ECS I S SSC S S ECS I S SSCI SS SS
SS SCS M S
ECS M S
CI SC SA SS I S S
S I U SS M SSS
E S S
“ E SE M SSCSS”26C S S SS I SS SSEA I S S S
S S SS SCI SSCI SSC S
CI SSC S
C S SS I SS I U SSCI SSCS I S S S SS
I S SS E S M SS CA SS SS M
CM SS
C S E S S
MC SCS E S I S SSCI SSC S
CI SE S
C E SCI U SSA SS I S S
E S E SC S M SS
CI SSC SC M SS I S
CSC E S I U SSC E S
I S
SS S SS I SS S S S
M SE S
U S A SS
I S S
MC S S S
C SCE S I SSCI SS
CI SS S M
S
SEC SC S
UCSS SS I SS
IC SS M S S U S I U S UCSS
CSSCI SSC S S
SS SS SSC SC S
M SC SC S
ACS S UCSSCS
A E S E SS I SS I SS E SE S S
I SS M S
I S S M SSCSS SSCI SSC S S
SS I SS E S M SS S SA E S
A S I SS
26 Divide and Rule
CS UCSCI SS ix
C E S I S
UCSS SS I SS S
CE S SC SC E SS27 S
SS I S SS E S CA SS S C S SS UCSS SS I SS S S
A S S I U SCSS SS S
CM SS SS M S
C E S SS I SS
I SS S CSS
CM SS-C E S28 S
A SC E S
SS I SS
SM E S S S
ACS S I S I S I S I SSE S
S SS SS I SS S I SS SSCI SSC S MCSS S E SC A S SS
CI SC 1931
S A S SS SSCI SSC S
7
S S C E SS
E CSS
A SC I S SE I U S S
M SS/CSS/Shan A S S
E U S E CSS Siam
ACS S Syam
E SSC E SC SE
C S S
SE SC S
AM S SSC I S
S SE S I U SS
S (Dtai) M SS (C S
E S ECS Tai CS
ECS C S
Dai) M SE SCSC E S I S I S I S I SSE S S SS
S SS
A S E S I S I SSC SS SSCI SS S S
E S I S
S I SSS
I U SC E S M S SS
CSS
I U SS S SS
C SS SS S E S E S
A S S A CS S S
SS SS S S
CI S
AM S SSC I S M S S
C S S
CS SSC S
E S SS CSC
S
I U S29 C I S SC SS
ECI SS SS30 S I S SS31 I SS S
SC S
C I U SS I SS
MC SC I S I S I S I S I SSE
S E SCI SSC M SS SS
A SAM S S
C S UCSS
E SSC E S
C S UCSSE CS MCSSE
C S UCSS
E
I UC SC C SSE S SS SS SS I SS I SSE
SC SC SCI SSC S S
MC SCS E S I S S
27 TibetoBurman
x CS UCSCI SS
S
C SCI SSC S S
SS SSAM S
U SCS S32E
C S E SCSS33 C M SS S
CI SS SS
CI SSS
CI SSC S C M SS I S S
SS SS SS S
I U S U SCCS SS34
I S
ECI SS A CS35
CI SSAI SSS SS
UCSSS I SS E SC S SS SS SS S C I SAM S S
S M SS E
C E S UCSSA S U S SS S
SS MCSSCS SS
C SC SS SS
I SC S E S U S
SSCI SSC S S
AI S
I S U SCSS
A S SC SS SS S SE
C SCI SSEC E S
CI SS SCI SS S
C SCI SSE C E SCI SSAM SCI SSA
CI SSA SE SE
C I SCSS
C E SCI SSCS SS
S 35
M SSS SSC S SS
(14 M SS SS)
C SC SAM SCSC S A S SS
SSACSECS E S I S
CI SS
A S S SEC I SCSS C E SCI SSE SS U S S
32,000 M SSS SS
C S SS (12,000
M SS SS) SEECI SSEC E SS36
CI SSEC
E C S SSCI SS I SSA S SA S SE S
11,890
M SSS SSC S
SS (4,591
M SS SS)
S SC E SS S SS
ECI SS M S E S
E S37 SSSCSCS
EC SS S E SS S
C E S I SS SS S
E S S U S MCS S S S SS I S I SSE S
C S S
EC SA S SCI SS
CSCS SSS S
ACS M S MCS
A CS SC S
SS SE
C S SC SC SCS38 U SS
CI S 1287
S SA CSCSS
CI SSC SC M SS I SC SSC I U SE M SSCSS
I S SS I SS SS
EC SA S CSS SS EC S I S SE SS39
32 Hainan
33 Vietnam
34 Bramaputra
35 Assam
36 Maryland
37 Conentiant
CS UCSCI SS xi
S E S
M SCI SSC S
CI SSA CS UCSACSS SS S
“S C E S UCSS SS I SS
A SE S UCSS SS I SSC S S E
M SSC M SC SSC I U S SSCI SS
1287 I U S 1604
S S S
S MCSS UCSSE M S S SC S SC S”
SC S
SS U SC E SSC U S
CS I SSC S
I U SS
SC S SSCS
I U SC SC SS SSCI SSSCSC SE S
S S S SS S
SC SS S SC M S
CI SS SCI SSC SS
CI SSE
CI SSC SE
ACS M SC S M SSC M S
CI SS S
S S EC M S SE
C E S SSC U SE
CI S
C M S S SS
S S S SE
C SCSS S S C S
C I U SS S S
C S I SSC C
A S I U S SSC SC SC S
SS SSS SCI SS
CI S SC S IC SS S E SC S
S C M SSEASS SS
E S SS SSAM S
C E SAM S
A SS I S
SS S S
ICSC S ICSCI SS S
CI SA SS I S S
I U SSCI SSC S
S SE
C SS S M SSCSS
SS SSAM S
C U S
CI SE S S
CI SS SS
I SC S E S U S
SSCI SSC S
M SA SS I S
CI SS
SS M S S S S
C SCI SS SS SSCS MCS U S SCI SS
C S SS M S S M SE S40 CS ECS I S
-
EC SEEC SE SS SS
U SCI SS
CS SS CS M S
S
C E S E S
A S U SS
SS I SSACS S
S CI SSC S
SS I SS I SS I SCI SS S M S SS
S S
C S SA SS
C S S I S SS
E
A E S E SS S S E SSAI SS I S
EC SACS S SS
S I S S
S S S S
CI S S S S
U S I U S S S
SS S SSCI S S S
E M S
xii CS UCSCI SS
SE S M S I S SS ICSSE S
CI SSC S S
CI SA SS I S S I U SSA SCI SSC S S S M S
SCI SSS
C E S E S
UCSSCSC S I SS
SSCI SS S S
M SCI SS SE
SC SS I U S I U SSA SCI SSS
SS SS 1885 E 1890 S
CI S I U SSA SS I S I U SCI SSS S
ACS I U SSE S
C E S I SC E S S S S E SS E SS
I SSA SSA SS I S S
ACS S S S SC SC S
SS SSCS M S S M SS
C I S SC SS
S SS SCI SSS
E ECI SS
SS I U S S SS
S E SSCSCAI SSS
SS SSAM S41 S SS SS SS
1700-1824
S C S S E S
EC S SS S
CI SSC SC M SS I S
CI SSS ECI SS
E SCS M SS SSCS S
MC SCS E S I S
CI SSC S
E S S SSAM S
U SS
AM SC E SC S MC SA SS I S SS S S E S S
E ECI SS
A S SCS M SSCS
CI S SS
SC S
IC SS S
S M SS
MC S S S
S
SS I SSAM S
S I SS
C S SS E S I S M SC M S
E I U SCI SE S
S C S M S S
CI SSC S
CI SSS
CI SS SS
CI SS
CI SS E SCSS
E S S SS SS S
A SS I S S
A SCI SS SS
CS IC SSC
E SAM S S
S M SSCSS
CI SSC SE
A S S S M SSCSS SCSSE S
S
S S C E S S E S I S
A SS I S I U S S C S SS E SS
C M S SE
S SCI SSAI SSS SS
S A S S C
42 S
41 East India Company
CS UCSCI SS
xiii
SE
C S M SC U S M SS
C SCI SS ICS SS
MCSS S I SCI SS SC SS
C S U S E S S
UCSSC I S
UCSS
M SSCSS UCSS M S I S SS I S SS S SSC SS
CI S 1922
A SS I S S UC S MCSCI SSS SSE S SS
SE
SC SCI SSA CS UCS I U SS43
SC S S SC M S I U SA S
E S
M S E SSC S
M SCI SSA CS UCS SS44
SS M S
S C S SS SSE S U SC M SCI SS
CI SSC S45
EC SS
UCSS U S
M S S
C S M SC U S M SS E SS S
C S E S
A SE S M S SSCI SSSC SS
C I U S
MC S S
C SSC I S SCI SS I S
C SCI SSSE
C S
SS ICSSE SC SE S
MC SC E S S M SSCSS SS S SSC SS S S SS I S
I SSCI SSC S
S I U SSCSCSS M S S
ACS M S I U SC S
CI SSS
CI S M SS S
UCSS SCC 46
CU S UCSS SCI SS S
UCSS S
S SS UCS UC S MCS
CI SSC SC M SS S
I U S I U S
SSEE
C SSC I S M SSCSSCI SS S
CI SSS
ACSC S M SCS I SS
I U S SS
C S U S S47E I S
C SS UCSS SS S
CI SS S I SSCS M S S
E S S
S
SCI SS48 SS S I S S I U SSC E SE U S S SC SC S
CI SS
S I SSA SS
A SS I S S
E U S MCS S CI SSC S S
AM SCSCSE A SSE S
CI SSAI SSS SS
A S SS SS
43 Federated Shan States
The Governor of Burma 46
I U C SSA U S
47
Commisioner 48
Political officer
xiv CS UCSCI SS
SCS CI SSS
M S
EC S SSE SE
U SS S
M SS
SS
SCI SS
SC SC S
SS S I U SS I U S CE S
SE 1930
S CSS I U SS S ECI SS I S S49 S
S S
MC S ICS I S I S S
MC S S I S
I U SS
S I U SS S
SSECI SS I S S
SECI SSE
I U SS CE S
CI S I U SSCSCSS M S S
CI SSA S U S
I SCS U SS
I S UCS
ACS SCI SSS
C E SECI SS
I S S
S M SSCSSA SS I S
I SCI SSS
I U SS CE S
CI SM
C S S
I U SSE S I U SSA S
EASS SS
E S SS SSAM S
CI S 1942
S C S I U SSMC S C S I U SS S I U SS S I S
S M CI SSS
S S E SS E SS
A SS I S S
M SS SS M
S MCS I U SCI SS
M E SM I S50
SC M C S I U SS S
SC S
M I U SSMC S
SSCI SSSCI SSC S
MC SC I SA SS
M
C S S SS M S SC SC MCSS I SCI SSS SSS SSE SS
ACS S SC S
C S M S SC S
CI SSS CSEC S M SS S E S
CE SC SS
CI S 1943
MC SC M CI SSC S SC E SCI SS M SSE
CI S SS 25
I S EC S ECSC S
1943 S
A SCI SSS
E S SC S
SSCI SSC S SS
CI SSE SS U S
CI SSC S M SCI SS E S
SC S SSCI SSS
CI S 1944 S
AM S SC SS S
CU S UCSS SS UCS
EASS SS SSAM S
M S S SSCI SSS E S
C SSC I S
S I S I
S S CI S S
CI S E S S
C SS I UC S I SSE
S CI SSC S
CI SSSE
E S S
49 Yunnan
CS UCSCI SS xv
SCI SSE
C S SS E SC S
C S SE SS
CI SSSE S I U S SCI SSC S S
SE
I U SSCSCSS M S SE
CI S S S M SS
CSSA SS I S I U SS S
SS I SSC S S
C S S U SS M SS
M S E SS M SSE I SS I SS
SSCI SS S M
C SECSCI SSS
S I U S SCI SSC SE
ACSC I U SS E SS SCI SS
CI SSC S S S
CI S 1946
I SC M S S CSS S S M SS
S AC SC SSAUC SA SS S
E SS SAM S
S M ECS
A S
S C S S
S
CI SC S UCSCSS I S S
AM S SAUC S UCS E S S
E
C SCSC SS S
CI SS S M
I SS E S
MC S I U SS MC S I S
M S
E SEE S
M SSC S SSCI SS S M SS
E
M S E SS
CU S UCSS SSCI SS S M MCS A CS51
CI SC S UCSC S SCSS M S
I S EC S
1947 S
AM S S SS SS
A CS S SSCI SSC SE
C S S M S E SS
M SSE
A SS I S
CSS SS I SSC S
MCS SAM S SS
CSSCI SS S M
S
AM S S SSSCI U SS I S A CSC C S S
A S I U SSC I U SSC S S SS I S SS E S S
ACS S A CS C S UCS
SE SC SCS
IC SS M S S U S I U S S SSC S
I S A CSC
I U S
C E S I U S I S I U SSC I U SS
A SCS M S
C SSC I SC SS I UC S
I SSE S
SS SSCI SS S M S S U S
CI SSC S
C SS I U SSCSCSS M S S S
SSA S SS
SCI U SS SS 12
I S EC S SE I U S SC E S SSCI SS
A CS UCS
C E S SS I U S S
C SSC I U SC SCI SSE
E SSC M S E SS
CSSC SC SS S
E A CS S SSCI SSC S
CSSC SC SS S
E A CS S SSCI SSC S
SS
U SS M SS
S U S U SC E SA S I S
EC S
51
Superme Council of the United Hill Peoples
xvi CS UCSCI SS
A CS S I U S IC SSC E
ACS SCS M SS M SS S I U S
S
SAM S I U SS
A S S
CI SC S UCSC S S M SC M S
MCS SS SS SC S M S
C E S ECS SC S SSC I S SC I U SSCI SS
1947
C A S S S I U SS
U SCSS
C E SCI S 1958
S S
M S E SS M SSE CI SSC S C SS I U S C I U S S
A S CI S SS 4
I S S 1948
CI SC I U S SSC SS
C E S
C S M S SE SE SCSA S I S
CI S SS 19
I S 1947
S MCS SAM S SS CSS SCI SS S SSCS U S
C I S I U SS SS SC S SCI SSC M S SCS U SS
C S M S E SS M SSE SE
1948 SE SSS
CI SSC S U SS S
MC SC SC MCSS I U SSCSCSS M S
CI SSC SC SSC I U SE E S SSS SCI SSE U S S
CSS SCI SS
CI SSC S I SS S E S S
U S CS M S
CI SC M SSE MCS U S M SS
CI SSC SE E S
A S E
C E S SS SCI SS SE SS S MCSC SE I S S S
SS SS SS SS S
A S A SAM S
ACSC U SS S
AM S A S
C SCI SS U S S S
I S S
S
MC SC I S SC M S I U S
A SAM S
SS I U SS
SC M S I U S
CS M S
S I S U S I U S
SS SS E S
CM SS
S U S I U S
C MCSCI S I SCI SSC S52 SE S I S U S I U S
I SSA SS S UCSS SS I SS SS
C E SCS I S SE S S
E U S S S M S A S S S E S C E S S MCS I U S
CI SSC SE E S
S SC M S I U SCI SSC S
E S SS U S
I &nb