Falcon Focus

• LIST THE EARTH LAYERS IN ORDER AND EXPLAIN THE SINIFIGANCE OF EACH ONE OF THEM (6).

• Essential Question:• What is the difference between

renewable and nonrenewable resources? Give examples of each

Homework

• Vocabulary Words• Rock, Mineral, Ore, Fossil Fuels,

nonrenewable, renewable, coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas, ORGANIC, INORGANIC and alternative energy

Energy Resources

8.3.5 Summarize the importance of minerals, ores, and fossil fuels as Earth resources on the basis of

their physical and chemical properties.

Read the following to determine the difference

between a mineral and a rock.

• Fill in the chart below• Take about 6 minutes to complete the task.• Highlight the important information as well

Earth’s Resources

• The Earth is rich in natural resources that we use every day. Earth resources (minerals, ores, and fossil fuels) have properties that make them important and useful.

• The two types of properties are:• Physical properties; for example, hardness, luster,

color, texture, the way a mineral splits, or density• Chemical properties; for example, the ability to

burn, the reactivity to acids•  

• Three common Earth resources that have importance based on their properties are:

• MINERALS, ORES, & FOSSIL FUELS

Earth resources (minerals, ores, and

fossil fuels) have properties that make them important and

useful.

MineralsAll rocks are a mixture of many different

substances. The individual substances that make up rocks are called

minerals. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.

THEY ARE INORGANIC

MINERALS

Ores• Any rock containing a metal or

nonmetal together with impurities is called an ore.

• Pure metal is obtained by mining an ore and then removing the impurities by heat or by chemical processes.

OresOres are minerals that are mined because they contain useful metals

or nonmetals.Examples:Copper and Lead Ore

Copper metalIron Ores

Lead metalNickel metal

Spathic Iron OreTin metalZinc metal

ORE

NONRENEWABLE VS. RENEWABLE

• WHAT ARE NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES?

• Energy resources that cannot be replaced, or renewed, are called _NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES.

• Types of Nonrenewable Resources: FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil FuelsNatural fuels that

come from the remains of living

things;

Fuels give off energy when they

are burned.

Earth’s Resources

• Facts: The world depends on energy. Energy is the ability to change. People use many different energy resources; however, they mainly use it to burn energy.

• Fossil Fuels: are nonrenewable energy resources that form over millions of years from remains of dead plants and other organisms such as planktons.

• Fossil Fuels are used to make gasoline for cars, to heat homes, to generate electricity, to cook (natural gas) or heating oil, make plastic, and etc…

3 TYPES OF FOSSIL FUELS

•1. COAL•2. PETROLEUM OIL•3. NATURAL GAS

TYPES OF NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Coal: a solid sedimentary rock form from layers of ancient plant matter, most abundant fossil fuel, and is remove by coal mining

• Is Organic because the sediments that make up coal consists of dead plants, shells, or animal skeletons.

TYPES OF NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Oil or petroleum: a liquid hydrocarbon ( contain the elements hydrogen and carbon) that is used mostly for making heating oil, gasoline, and plastics

• Is Organic

TYPES OF NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Natural Gas: gaseous and is used mostly for heating and cooking

• Is Organic

FACTS

• Important: Nonrenewable resources such as these exist in a fixed amount and can only be replaced by processes that take millions of years. If they are depleted, they are depleted for good.

CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS

• Turning off lights, Make sure doors and windows are shut tight so heat won’t leak out, Run your air condition as little as possible, and Add insulation to help save energy

• Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Energy resources that can be renewed or replaced are called renewable resources.

EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• SUN (SOLAR ENERGY)• WIND• PLANTS & TREES• WATER• SOIL• WILDLIFE (ANIMALS)

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

• Problems with our energy sources and supply (i.e. pollution, foreign oil) have become an important conservational and political topics over the past 25 years. Alternate energy sources such as wind, water, and solar have been investigated, but only a fraction of the U.S.’s energy comes from these alternate sources.

• Energy resources: A major natural resource that all Americans rely on is petroleum fuel (oil or natural gas). Petroleum is an earth material that forms within the Earth and can be burned to produce heat and electricity or made into gasoline. Other fuels are coal, uranium, and alternative energy (wind, tidal, solar).

Using Renewable ResourcesBecause the world will not be able to depend on oil, gas, and coal forever, we must find other ways to power the kind of life style that we are accustomed to.

Solar Power

Solar energy is energy from the sun. We know that global wind and ocean currents are powered by solar energy. More and more, people are investing in solar panels on the roof of their home, whereby solar cells actively collect energy and transform it into electricity.

Unfortunately, solar cells work less efficiently on cloudy days and not at all during the night. Batteries can be used to store solar energy, but they cannot hold very much and disposing properly of old batteries can be an issue.

Wind Power

Wind has been used fro thousands of years as a source of energy on sailing ships and windmills to pump water. Today, windmills can be used to generate electricity, usually located on a wind farm.

Wind produces no waste; however, not many regions of the world have strong and persistent enough winds to generate electricity.

A wind farm (source: Wikepedia

commons)

Solar panels (source: Wikepedia

commons)

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Water Power Water wheels have been used for over 100 years to help

create energy to ground grain or cut lumber, creating microhydropower.

Hydroelectric energy is created releasing large amounts of water through a man-made dam, which turn turbines, or generators, to create electricity. Lake Murray Dam (photo right) in Columbia is an example of a hydroelectric dam.

Geothermal Energy Large reservoirs within the ground contain heated water from

internal heat in the earth. This heated water can create steam, thereby producing geothermal energy.

Only certain regions of the earth have these geothermal hotspots, usually in tectonically active areas or volcanic areas, such as Hawaii and Iceland. Yellowstone National Park would be a very good resource for geothermal energy.

While not heard about very often, biomass energy, which is energy derived from burning organic material like wood, alcohol, or garbage, is a common renewable energy resource. A drawback of burning these items, however, is that particles are released into the atmosphere, potentially increasing air pollution.

Biomass Energy

Most hydropower dams in the U.S. were built in the mid-1900’s and we are now learning about the detrimental effects that they have on the environment, including sedimentation of the upstream reservoir, migration of fish, and sediment starvation as far downstream as the coast!

Dam and hydroelectric powerhouse

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FALCON FOCUS• 8-3.5 Coal is an important natural resource.

Which process contributes most to the formation of coal?

• A. the layering of sediments and partially decayed plant matter

• B. the decay of algae and microscopic organisms on the seafloor

• C. the burning of large forested regions• D. the forcing of water through openings in

Earth's crust

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

•How would you explain why coal is a fossil fuel?

Review• Coal: Coal is a black or brownish rock. We burn coal to

create energy. Coal is ranked depending on how much “carbonization” it has gone through. Carbonization is the process that ancient organisms undergo to become coal. About 3 meters (10 feet) of solid vegetation crushed together into .3 meter (1 foot) of coal! Peat is the lowest rank of coal. It has gone through the least amount of carbonization. It is an important fuel in areas of the world including Scotland, Ireland, and Finland.  Anthracite is the highest rank of coal. Anthracite forms in regions of the world where there have been giant movements of the earth, such as the formation of mountain ranges.

WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF COAL?

What is an Ore?

WHAT STATE OF MATTER ARE ORES?

Guess that Ore!!!• Copper• H2O (hydrogen & oxygen) Water• Argon• Silver• NaCl (sodium & chlorine) Salt• Iron• Gold• Sodium• Chloride• Fossil Fuels• Helium

What do fossil fuels produce?

What are the 3 types of fossil fuels?

How do fossil fuels form?

Give examples of Renewable Resources

Give examples of Nonrenewable resources

Are Diamonds Nonrenewable or Renewable resources?

Explanation• Non-renewable resources include fossil

fuels, minerals, precious metals and diamonds.

• Formation• Diamonds form at extremely high pressures

and temperatures deep in the Earth's mantle, in space and at the impact sites of meteorites and asteroids. Diamonds formed in the mantle are brought to the surface by volcanic activity.

•

• Considerations• Most diamonds are billions of years old.

Once they have all been mined, it will take hundreds of millions of years for new diamonds to form. Some sources are already depleted. For example, the Indian diamond industry which once produced 12 million carats annually was down to 100 carats a year by the mid-20th Century.

How can we conserve energy?