08Fall

UNIT 1

08Fall

INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 2

THEENGLISHLANGUAGE

English is the third most widespread native language in the world, after

StandardChineseandSpanish,andthefirstlearnedsecondlanguage.

EnglishistheofficiallanguageintheUnitedKingdom,Ireland,theUnited

States,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,Nigeria,SouthAfrica,India,Pakistan

and it is spoken in some areas of the Caribbean as Jamaica, the Bahamas or

Belize.

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1.Daysoftheweek

Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,SaturdayandSunday.

Allincapitalletters.

Example:Todayit’sMonday.

2.Monthsoftheyear

January,February,March,April, June, July,August,September,October,November

andDecember.

Allincapitalletters.

Example:What isyour favoritemonthof theyear?Mine it isApril. I love thecity in

thattimeoftheyear!

3.Seasons

Spring,summer,autumnandwinter.(inlowercases)

4.Countries,nationalitiesandlanguages

Theword'Nationality'isnotoftenusedinspokenEnglish.Itisaformalandofficial

wordanditappearsmorefrequentlyinwrittenEnglish.

Wealmostneversay:Whatisyournationality?

Weusuallysay:Whereareyoufrom?ORWheredoyoucomefrom?

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TotellsomeoneyournationalityyouDON'Tsay:MynationalityisSpanish.Yousay:

I'mSpanish.

Remember:

ToBe+from+country:IamfromMexico

ToBe+Nationality:IamMexican

Adjectivesreferringtocountriesandlanguages

- With–ish: British/Irish/Danish/Turkish/Spanish…

- With-(i)an:Canadian/Brazilian/American/Russian/Australian…

- With–ese: Japanese/Chinese/Taiwanese…

- With–i: Israeli/Iraqi/Kuwaiti/Pakistani/Yemeni/Bangladeshi

- With–ic: Icelandic/Arabic…

4.1 Famousnames.Canyounameafamous…Example:Argentiniansportsmanorwoman?DiegoMaradona

a. Chinesepolitician?

b. BlackSouthernAfricanpoliticalfigure?

c. Polishpersonwhobecameaworldreligiousleader?

d. Italianoperasinger?

e. Irishrock–musicgroup?

4.2Worldquiz

a. WhatarethemainethnicgroupsinMalaysia?

b. Whichcountries,strictlyspeaking,areinScandinavia?

c. Whatarethefivecountrieswiththehighestpopulation?

d. Howmanylanguagesarethereintheworld?

e. WhereisKiribati?

f. WheredopeoplespeakInuit?

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4.3

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THENATIONALHEALTHSERVICE

The National Health Service responsible for health care for everyone is

managed separately in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales but it

remains similar in themost respects and belongs to a single, unified system. The

vastmajorityofNHSservicesarefree;peoplegenerallydonotpayanything.

The National Health Service can offer visits to doctors, nursing services,

surgicalproceduresorappliances;consumablessuchasmedicationsandbandages,

plasters, medical tests, and investigations, x-rays, CT or MRI scans etc. Hospital

inpatientandoutpatientservicesarefree,bothmedicalandmentalhealthservices.

Ontheotherhand,healthcarein

theUnitedStates isprovidedbymany

separate legal entities (but it is not

called the NHS). Health care facilities

arelargelyownedandoperatedbythe

private sector. The USA is the `only

wealthy, industrializednationthatdoesnotensurethatallcitizenshavecoverage’

THEUNITEDKINGDOM

INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 7

(some kind of private or public health insurance). Doctors and hospitals are

generally funded by payments from patients and insurance plans in return for

services rendered. Government programsprovide public health care to 27.8%of

citizensandaround94.7%ofcitizenshavesomeformofhealthinsurance.

1.Answerthefollowingquestions:

a)WhatistheNationalHealthService?

b)IstheNHSdifferentinEngland,NorthernIreland,ScotlandandWales?

c)IsHealthcareintheUnitedStatesprovidedbygovernmentprograms?

d)WhattypeofservicescanTheNationalHealthServiceprovide?

e)HowaredoctorsandhospitalsgenerallyfundedintheUSA?

2.Canyouexplainthedifferencebetweeninpatientandoutpatient?

HEALTHPROFESSIONALS

TherearealargenumberorpeoplewhoworkintheNationalHealthService.

First of all, there aredoctors ormedical practitioners, as they are also known.

Doctors start as medical students undertaking a five-year course of study. After

finishing their studies, and to complete their course, theyhave tomakeamedical

apprenticeshiporinternshipinahospitalorunderdiversequalifieddoctors.These

juniordoctors are assessedandexaminedduring their training.When theyhave

finished,and inorder towork inside theNHSor inprivatepractice, theymustbe

practitioner(GP)register.Theyarenowseniordoctors.Ageneralpractitionerora

familydoctor,alsocalledclinician,treatspatientsandprovidesthemprimarycare.

INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 8

When they are qualified (they have a university degree in medicine) they can

specialize and become experts in several fields of medicine, so they would be

specialistdoctors.

There are a lot of specialties, but the twomain branches are surgery and

internalmedicine, practiced by surgeons and physicians respectively. Then, there

are nurses who work in a variety of setting in hospitals, health centers, nursing

homesandinthepatients’ownhomes.

1.Answerthefollowingquestions:

a)HowaredoctorsknowninBritain?

b)Whatdoesageneralpractitionerdo?

c)Whoisaspecialistdoctor?

d)WhatdoyouneedtoworkintheNHS?

e)Doyouneedtoberegisteredifyouwanttoprovideprivatecare?

f)Whatarethetwomainbranchesinmedicine?

g)Whatisthedifferencebetweenjuniorandseniordoctors?

h)Wherecannurseswork?

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2.Matchthejobs(1-10)withthecorrespondingdefinitions(A-J).

1.Medicalstudents

2.Ajuniordoctor

3.Seniordoctors

4.Generalpractitioners

5.Amidwife

6.Districtnurse

7.Ahealthvisitor

8.Nursepractitioners

9.Therapists

10.Nursemanagers

A. are medical doctors who have responsibility for the management of patients’

healthcare,includingthediagnosisandtreatmentwherenecessary.

B.arestillstudyingandarenotqualifiedyet.

C.carryoutcareatandadvancedpracticelevel.

D. manage care within the community, leading teams, community nurses and

supportworkers,visitinghouse-boundpatientstoprovideadviceandcare.

E.givesadviceonthepromotionofhealthandthepreventionofillness.

F.isadoctorintraining,usuallyinhospitaloringeneralpractice.

G.havealreadyfinishedtheirtraining.

H.helppeopletoovercomephysical,psychologicalorsocialproblemsarisingfrom

illnessordisability,byconcentratingonwhattheyareabletoachieve,ratherthan

ontheirdisabilities.

I. are responsible for an entire department (i.e. Surgical, Medical Diagnostic &

Imagingetc.)oratleastmorethanoneward.

J.isanursewhoistrainedtoassistwomeninchildbirth.

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3.Matchthejobs(1-12)withthecorrespondingword/s(a-l).

1.Orthopedist a.skin

2.Obstetrician b.infants

3.Pediatrician c.eyes

4.Paramedic d.heart

5.Oncologist e.blood

6.Gynecologist f.skeletalsystem

7.Cardiologist g.medicalemergencies

8.Psychiatrist h.pregnancy,childbirth

9.Ophthalmologist i.femalereproductiveorgans

10.Neurologist j.mentaloremotionaldisturbances

11.Hematologist k.cancer

12.Dermatologist l.nervoussystem

4.Matchthewordsinbothcolumns.

1.Psychiatry a.studyofthebrain

2.Geriatrics b.studyofcancer

3.Orthopedics c.studyoftreatmentofboneproblems

4.Orthodontics d.studyofhormones

5.Neurology e.studyofradioactivematerials

6.Radiology f.studyofthebody’smovements

7.Pharmacy g.studyofbehavior

8.Oncology h.studyofmedicine

9.Gynecology i.studyofstraighteningofteeth

10.Podiatry j.studyofthefemalereproductivesystem

11.Endocrinology k.studyofmedicalproblemsoftheelderly

12.Physicaltherapy l.studyofthefoot

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5.Findpairsofjobtitlesandtheircorrespondingjobdescriptions.

1.PORTER A.Istudyandtreattheskinanditsdiseases

2.CARDIOLOGIST B.Igiveexercise,massage,heattreatment,infrared

lampsorotherexternalmeans,torestorestrengthor

functionafteradiseaseorinjury.

3.ALLERGIST C.Istudythemindanditsmentalprocesses.

4.AUDIOLOGIST D.IdeterminefoodandenvironmentalallergiesandI

treatthem.

5.DENTIST E.Ispecializeinthetreatmentofdiseasesofwomen.

6.DERMATOLOGIST F.Itreatthediseasesofchildren.

7.GERIATRICIAN G.Idiagnoseandtreathearingdisorders.

8.GYNEOCOLOGIST H.Ihelpwomengivebirthtoachild,oftenathome.

9.PHYSIOTHERAPIST I.Ispecializeintumors,includingcancer.

10.PAEDIATRICIAN J.Imoveequipmentaroundthehospital.

11.MIDWIFE K.Imakelensesandfitglasses,butcannottestpatient’s

eyesight.

12.NEUROLOGIST L.Ilookafterteethandgums.

13.ONCOLOGIST M.Istudythediseasesandthechangesinthebody

causedbydisease.Ialsoexaminedeadbodies.

14.OPTICIAN N.Ispecializeinillnessesoftheheart.

15.ORTHODONTIST O.Itakecareofthefootanditsdiseases.

16.PATHOLOGIST P.Itreatandstudythediseasesofoldpeople.

17.PODIATRIST Q.Icorrectbadlyplacedteeth.

18.RADIOLOGIST R.Ipreparemedicinesaccordingtotheinstructionsona

doctor’sprescription.

19.PSYCHOLOGIST S.Iusetheradiationtodiagnosedisorders,e.g.through

theuseofX-raysorradioactivetracers,ortotreat

diseasessuchascancer.

20.PHARMACIST T.Ispecializeinthestudyofthenervoussystemandthe

treatmentofitsdiseases.

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Writethecorrecthospitaldepartmentforeachofthesedefinitions.

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DIAGNOSTICIMAGINGTECHNICIAN

Diagnostic Imaging Technicians work in the field of radiologic technology,

which uses tests likeX-rays,MRIs andCT scans, or in sonography, which uses

soundwaves,toscanthebodytodiagnoseanymedicalproblemspatientsmayhave.

DiagnosticImagingTechnicianspreparepatientsbyexplainingandpreparingthem

fortheprocedure,followingimagingtestinstructions,operatingdiagnosticimaging

equipment,recordingdata,assistinginimagereviewandmaintainingequipment.

Diagnostic Imaging Technicians must learn how to properly and safely

handlediagnostictestingequipment.Theymustalsobeabletoworkwithpatients

andhelpkeepthemcalmduringprocedures.

In general, they work with imaging

equipment to capture a "picture" of an area of

concern inside a patient's body. They also make

some preliminary assessments of the images

before they're handed off to a doctor. Specific

dutieswillmostlikelyinclude:

• Preparepatientsforimagingprocedures

• Prepareandmaintainimagingequipment

• Correctlypositionthepatienttogettherightimage

• Operateequipmenttogetdiagnosticimages

• Knowthedifferencebetweenanormalandabnormalimage

• Analyzeimagesforpreliminaryfindings

• Communicatewithphysiciansaboutimages

• Maintainpatients'imagingrecords

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Writethecorrectnounforeachofthesedefinitions.

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3.Completethenexttextwiththesewords:

painless/examine/internalorgans/images

X-RAYS

An X-ray is a quick and (1) __________________ procedure commonly used to

produce(2)__________________oftheinsideofthebody.X-raysareusuallycarriedout

inhospitalX-raydepartmentsbyDiagnosticImagingTechnicians.

X-rays can be used to (3) ___________________most areas of the body. They're

mainly used to look at the bones and joints, although they're sometimes used to

detectproblemsaffectingsofttissue,suchas(4)____________________.

MRI

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CTSCAN

A CT scan or computed tomography scan (formerly computerized axial

tomographyscanorCATscan)makesuseof computer-processedcombinationsof

many X-raymeasurements taken fromdifferent angles to produce cross-sectional

(tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object,

allowingtheusertoseeinsidetheobjectwithoutcutting.

CThasbecomean important tool inmedical imaging to supplementX-rays

and medical ultrasonography. It has more recently been used for preventive

medicineorscreening fordisease, forexampleCTcolonography forpeoplewitha

high risk of colon cancer, or full-motion heart scans for people with high risk of

heartdisease.

Usually it isnecessary toadminister thepatientcontrastssuchas iodineor

barium,tobetterseetheanatomicalstructures.Theroutesofadministrationcanbe

oral,rectal,throughtheurethraorintravenous.

In all TC tests that need to administer contrast the patient has to sign an

informedconsent.

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LISTENING:Playthevideo(onYouTube)andlistentothesong“NeverGoogleYourSymptoms”andcompletethegaps.

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