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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water Introduction The purpose of this tutorial is to provide guidelines and recommendations for setting up and solving a dynamic mesh (DM) case along with the six degree of freedom (6DOF) solver and the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model. The 6DOF UDF is used to calculate the motion of the moving body which also experiences a buoyancy force as it hits the water (modeled using the VOF model). Gravity and the bouyancy forces drive the motion of the body and the dynamic mesh. This tutorial demonstrates how to do the following: Use the 6DOF solver to calculate motion of the moving body. Use the VOF multiphase model to model the buoyancy force experienced by the moving body. Set up and solve the dynamic mesh case. Create TIFF files for graphic visualization of the solution. Postprocess the resulting data. Prerequisites This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the menu structure in FLUENT and that you have a good understanding of the basic setup and solution procedures. Some basic steps in the setup and solution procedure will not be shown explicitly. Problem Description The schematic of the problem is shown in Figure 1. The tank is partially filled with water. A box is dropped into the water at time t = 0. The box is subjected to a viscous drag force and a gravitational force. When the box is immersed in water, it is also subjected to a buoyancy force. The walls of the box undergo a rigid body motion and will displace according to the cal- culation performed by the 6DOF solver. Whenever the box and its surrounding boundary layer mesh are displaced, the mesh outside of the boundary layer will be smoothed and/or remeshed. c Fluent Inc. October 12, 2006 1
Transcript
Page 1: Falling Box

Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Introduction

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide guidelines and recommendations for setting upand solving a dynamic mesh (DM) case along with the six degree of freedom (6DOF) solverand the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model. The 6DOF UDF is used to calculate themotion of the moving body which also experiences a buoyancy force as it hits the water(modeled using the VOF model). Gravity and the bouyancy forces drive the motion of thebody and the dynamic mesh.

This tutorial demonstrates how to do the following:

• Use the 6DOF solver to calculate motion of the moving body.

• Use the VOF multiphase model to model the buoyancy force experienced by themoving body.

• Set up and solve the dynamic mesh case.

• Create TIFF files for graphic visualization of the solution.

• Postprocess the resulting data.

Prerequisites

This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the menu structure in FLUENT and thatyou have a good understanding of the basic setup and solution procedures. Some basicsteps in the setup and solution procedure will not be shown explicitly.

Problem Description

The schematic of the problem is shown in Figure 1. The tank is partially filled with water.A box is dropped into the water at time t = 0. The box is subjected to a viscous dragforce and a gravitational force. When the box is immersed in water, it is also subjected toa buoyancy force.

The walls of the box undergo a rigid body motion and will displace according to the cal-culation performed by the 6DOF solver. Whenever the box and its surrounding boundarylayer mesh are displaced, the mesh outside of the boundary layer will be smoothed and/orremeshed.

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Figure 1: Schematic of the Problem

Preparation

1. Copy the files, 6dof-mesh.msh.gz and 6dof 2d.c to your working folder.

2. Create a subfolder named tiff-files to store the tiff files created for postprocessingpurposes.

3. Start the 2D version of FLUENT.

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Setup and Solution

Step 1: Grid

1. Read the mesh file 6dof-mesh.msh.gz.

File −→ Read −→Case...

2. Check the grid.

Grid −→Check

3. Display the grid (Figure 2).

Display −→Grid...

GridFLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, lam)

Figure 2: Grid Display

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Step 2: Models

1. Define the solver settings.

Define −→ Models −→Solver...

(a) Select Unsteady from the Time list.

(b) Retain the default selection of 1st-Order Implicit for Unsteady Formulation.

(c) Select the Green-Gauss Node Based option from the Gradient Option list.

(d) Click OK to close the Solver panel.

2. Define the multiphase model.

Define −→ Models −→Multiphase...

(a) Select Volume of Fluid from the Model list.

(b) Set Number of Phases to 2.

(c) Retain the default settings for VOF Scheme and Courant Number.

(d) Enable Implicit Body Force formulation.

(e) Click OK to close the Multiphase Model panel.

3. Enable the standard k-ε turbulence model.

Define −→ Models −→Viscous...

Step 3: Compile the UDF

Define −→ User-Defined −→ Functions −→Compiled...

1. Click the Add... button in the Source Files section to open the Select File panel.

2. Select the source file, 6dof 2d.c and click OK.

3. Click Build to build the library.

A Warning dialog box will open asking you to make sure that the UDF source files arein the same folder that contains the case and data files.

(a) Click OK.

FLUENTwill compile the code and show the progress in the console. Monitor theprogress for compilation and linking errors.

4. Click Load to load the newly created UDF library.

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Step 4: Materials

Define −→Materials...

1. Retain the properties of air.

2. Copy water-liquid (h2o<l>) from the FLUENTdatabase.

3. Modify the properties of water-liquid(h2o<l>).

(a) Select user-defined from the Density drop-down list and water density from theUser-Defined Functions panel.

(b) Select user-defined from the Speed of Sound drop-down list and water speed of soundfrom the User-Defined Functions panel.

(c) Click Change/Create and close the Materials panel.

Step 5: Phases

Define −→Phases...

1. Define the primary phase (water).

Define −→Phases...

(a) Select phase-1 and click Set... to open the Primary Phase panel.

(b) Enter water for Name, .

(c) Select water-liquid from the Phase Material drop-down list.

(d) Click OK.

2. Similarly, define the secondary phase (air), specifying air for Name and air for PhaseMaterial.

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Step 6: Operating Conditions

Define −→Operating Conditions...

1. Enter 101325 pascal for Operating Pressure.

2. Enable Gravity.

The panel expands to show additional inputs.

3. Enter -9.81 m/s2 for Gravitational Acceleration in the Y direction.

4. Enable Specified Operating Density and retain the default setting of 1.225 kg/m3 forOperating Density.

Step 7: Boundary Conditions

Define −→Boundary Conditions...

1. Define the boundary conditions for tank outlet.

(a) Set the boundary conditions for the mixture phase.

i. Select mixture from the Phase drop-down list and click Set....

ii. Select Intensity and Viscosity Ratio from the Turbulence Specification methoddrop-down list.

iii. Enter 1 % for Backflow Turbulence Intensity and 10 for Backflow TurbulentViscosity Ratio.

iv. Click OK to close the Pressure Outlet panel.

(b) Set the boundary conditions for the air phase.

i. Select air from the Phase drop-down list and click Set....

ii. Click the Multiphase tab and enter 1 for Backflow Volume Fraction.

iii. Click OK to close the Pressure outlet panel.

(c) Close the Boundary Conditions panel.

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Step 8: Dynamic Mesh Setup

1. Set the dynamic mesh parameters.

Define −→ Dynamic Mesh −→Parameters...

(a) Enable Dynamic Mesh from the Models list.

The panel expands to show additional inputs.

(b) Enable Six DOF Solver from the Models list.

(c) Enable Smoothing and Remeshing from the Mesh Methods list.

(d) Enter 0.5 for Spring Constant Factor.

(e) Click the Remeshing tab and set the remeshing parameters.

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i. Enter 0.056 m for Minimum Length Scale and 0.13 m for Maximum LengthScale.

The Minimum Length Scale and Maximum Length Scale can be obtained fromthe Mesh Scale Info panel. Click the Mesh Scale Info... button to open theMesh Scale Info panel.

ii. Enter 0.5 for Maximum Cell Skewness.

Gravitational acceleration must be specified in the Six DOF Solver tab. The nec-essary parameters have already been specified in the Operating Conditions panel.Hence, you need not do so again.

(f) Click OK to close the Dynamic Mesh Parameters panel.

2. Set up the moving zones.

Define −→ Dynamic Mesh −→Zones...

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

(a) Create the dynamic zone, moving box.

i. Select moving box from the Zone Names drop-down list.

ii. Select Rigid Body from the Type list.

iii. Select test box::libudf from the Six DOF UDF drop-down list.

iv. Enable On from the Six DOF Solver Options group box.

v. Click Create.

FLUENTwill create the dynamic zone moving box which will be available inthe Dynamic Zones list.

(b) Create the dynamic zone, moving fluid.

i. Select moving fluid from the Zone Names drop-down list.

ii. Select Rigid Body from the Type list.

iii. Select test box::libudf from the Six DOF UDF drop-down list.

iv. Enable On and Passive from the Six DOF Solver Options group box.

v. Click Create.

FLUENTwill create the dynamic zone moving fluid which will be available inthe Dynamic Zones list.

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(c) Close the Dynamic Mesh Zones panel.

Step 9: Mesh Preview

The purpose of the preview is to verify the quality of the mesh yielded by the mesh motionparameters. Since the flow is not initialized, the motion of the box will be vertical due togravity.

1. Save the case file, 6dof-init.cas.gz.

2. Display the grid.

3. Preview the motion.

Solve −→Mesh Motion...

(a) Enter 0.0005 for Time Step Size.

(b) Enter 1000 for Number of Time Steps.

(c) Click Preview (Figures 3 and 4).

The motion is acceptable.

(d) Close the Mesh Motion panel.

4. Exit FLUENTwithout saving.

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Grid (Time=2.5000e-01)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

Figure 3: Motion at t = 0.25 s

Grid (Time=5.0000e-01)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

Figure 4: Mesh Motion at t = 0.5 s

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Step 10: Solution Parameters

1. Start the 2D version of FLUENTand read the file 6dof-init.cas.gz.

2. Set the solution parameters.

Solve −→ Controls −→Solution...

(a) Select PRESTO! from the Pressure drop-down list in the Discretization group box.

(b) Select Second Order Upwind for all other equations except Volume Fraction.

(c) Retain the default discretization method of Geo-Reconstruct for Volume Fraction.

(d) Select Coupled from the Pressure-Velocity Coupling drop-down list.

(e) Enter 1000000 for Courant Number.

(f) Enter 1.0 for Momentum and Pressure in the Explicit Relaxation Factors groupbox.

(g) Enter 0.5 for Body Forces in the Under Relaxation Factor group box.

(h) Click OK to close the Solution Controls panel.

3. Initialize the solution.

Solve −→ Initialize −→Initialize...

(a) Enter 0.001 m2/s2 for Turbulence Kinetic Energy and 0.001 m2/s3 for TurbulenceDissipation Rate.

(b) Enter 1 for air Volume Fraction.

(c) Click Init and close the Solution Initialization panel.

4. Create an adaption register for patching.

Adapt −→Region...

(a) Set the Input Coordinates as follows:

Input Co-ordinates ValuesXmin(m),Xmax(m) (-5,5)Ymin(m),Ymax(m) (-5,-1.5)

(b) Click Mark.

(c) Close the Region Adaption panel.

5. Patch the air volume fraction.

Solve −→ Initialize −→Patch...

(a) Select air from the Phase drop-down list.

(b) Select Volume Fraction from the Variable selection list.

(c) Select hexahedron-r0 from the Registers to Patch selection list.

(d) Retain the default Value of zero.

(e) Click Patch.

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

(f) Close the Patch panel.

6. Enable the plotting of residuals.

Solve −→ Monitors −→Residual...

(a) Enable Plot in the Options list.

(b) Enter 400 for number of iterations in the Plotting group box.

7. Define a surface monitor for Y Velocity.

Solve −→ Monitors −→Surface...

(a) Increase the number of Surface Monitors to 1.

(b) Enable Plot, Print, and Write for monitor-1.

(c) Select Time Step from the When drop-down list.

(d) Click the Define... button to open the Define Surface Monitor panel.

i. Select Area-Weighted Average from the Report Type drop-down list.

ii. Select Flow Time from the X Axis drop-down list.

iii. Retain the default setting of 1 for Plot Window.

iv. Select Velocity... and Y Velocity from the Report of drop-down lists.

v. Select moving box from the Surfaces selection list.

vi. Enter 6dof yvel.out for File Name.

vii. Click OK.

(e) Click OK to close the Surface Monitors panel.

8. Activate Autosave option.

File −→ Write −→Autosave...

(a) Enter 100 for Autosave Case File Frequency.

(b) Enter 100 for Autosave Data File Frequency.

(c) Enable Overwrite Existing Files option.

(d) Set the Maximum Number of Each File Type to 2.

(e) Enter falling-box.gz for File Name.

FLUENTwill append the timestep number so that each file created has a uniquefilename.

(f) Click OK to close the Autosave Case/Data panel.

Step 11: Set Hardcopy Options

File −→Hardcopy...

1. Select TIFF from the Format list.

2. Select Color from the Coloring list.

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

3. Select Raster from the File Type list.

4. Enter 800 (pixels) for Width and 600 (pixels) for Height in the Resolution group box.

5. Click Apply and close the Graphics Hardcopy panel.

Step 12: Define commands to create TIFF files for animation purposes

Solve −→Execute Commands...

1. Set Defined Commands to 4.

2. Define the commands as follows:

Every When CommandCommand-1 100 Time Step display set-window 2Command-2 100 Time Step display contour water vof 0 1Command-3 100 Time Step display hard-copy "tiff-files/box-%t.tiff"Command-4 100 Time Step display set-window 3

Be sure to create the subfolder tiff-files before clicking the OK button.

1. Enable On for the four commands.

2. Click OK to close the Execute Commands panel.

Step 13: Solution

1. Set the iteration parameters.

(a) Enter 0.0005 for Time Step Size.

(b) Enter 10000 for Number of Time Steps.

(c) Set Max Iterations per Time Step to 50.

(d) Click Iterate.

Step 14: Postprocessing

1. Convert the TIFF files in the subfolder tiff-files to form an animation sequence forpostprocessing purposes, using a third party software package like QuickTime or FastMovie Player.

Figures 5—24 show the contours of volume fraction of water at different time steps.

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=2.5000e-01)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 5: Contours at t = 0.25 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=5.0000e-01)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 6: Contours at t = 0.5 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=7.5001e-01)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 7: Contours at t = 0.75 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=1.0000e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 8: Contours at t = 1.0 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=1.2500e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 9: Contours t = 1.25 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=1.5000e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 10: Contours t = 1.5 s

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Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=1.7500e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 11: Contours at t = 1.75 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=1.9999e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 12: Contours at t = 2.0 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=2.2499e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 13: Contours of at t = 2.25 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=2.4999e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 14: Contours at t = 2.5 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=2.7499e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 15: Contours at t = 2.75 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=2.9999e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 16: Contours at t = 3.0 s

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Tutorial: Solving a 2D Box Falling into Water

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=3.2499e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 17: Contours at t = 3.25 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=3.4998e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 18: Contours at t = 3.5 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=3.7498e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 19: Contours at t = 3.75 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=3.9998e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 20: Contours at t = 4.0 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=4.2499e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 21: Contours at t = 4.25 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=4.5000e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 22: Contours at t = 4.5 s

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Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=4.7501e+00) FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 23: Contours at t = 4.75 s

Contours of Volume fraction (water) (Time=5.0002e+00)FLUENT 6.3 (2d, pbns, dynamesh, vof, ske, unsteady)

1.00e+00

0.00e+005.00e-021.00e-011.50e-012.00e-012.50e-013.00e-013.50e-014.00e-014.50e-015.00e-015.50e-016.00e-016.50e-017.00e-017.50e-018.00e-018.50e-019.00e-019.50e-01

Figure 24: Contours at t = 5.0 s

Summary

This tutorial demonstrated the setup and solution of a dynamic mesh case along with the6DOF solver and the VOF multiphase model. The 6DOF UDF was used to calculate themotion of the box dropped into the water. The TIFF files created in the tutorial can beused to provide a graphic visualization of the solution.

18 c© Fluent Inc. October 12, 2006


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