FALSE CEILING

BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

VIREN MAHIDA NIRAV KHANDWALA

Introduction Ceiling – • A dropped ceiling or secondary ceiling ,hung

below the main (structural) ceiling is called a false ceiling.

• The false ceiling was originally developed to conceal the underside of the floor above and offer acoustic balance and control in a room .

• The area above dropped ceiling is called plenum space.

• Due to versatile nature and other important features false ceiling has become an indispensible feature for every commercial place.

• Most of materials is easily cut to allow fixtures in other shapes, like wood, metal, plastic, gypsum, pop, mineral fiberboards etc

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History• Firstly used in japan for

the purpose of aesthetics in murom chi period (1337 to 1573) later black friars theatre in london, england, built in 1596, had dropped ceilings to aid acoustics.

• Initially dropped ceiling was built using inter locking tiles and the only way to provide access to repair or inspection of the area above was remove tiles from the edge or from key tile till the area of inspection is reached out .

• This was time consuming and expensive.

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Properties of a good ceiling • It should be Durable, and portable .

• Material used should be Light weight.

• Should be Water proof .

• Should have great Fire resistance .

• Easy installation .

• Sound proof . Purpose of False Ceilings

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• It improves aesthetical appearance ( form, color, treatment etc.) & proportions bymanaging room – heights basically and remaining are as follows:

• Hides ducting & reduces the volume of room Ugly structural members like beams,etc that usually spoil the ‘look’ of the room are concealed.

• Provides insulation from heat.• Acoustical improvement.• As a design element to create various shapes

and curves.• Fire safety is always a factor in several industrial buildings, ceiling tiles made from

mineral fibres or fire-rated wood panels can be used within the construction tomeet acceptable standards and ratings.

• Light reflectance. A ceiling with that reflects more light can reduce lighting andelectricity costs.

• Sound proof rooms such as meeting rooms, conference rooms, etc, which require a quit environment.

BASIC USES OF FALSE CEILING1) EASY ACCESS TO HOME SYSTEMS• The plumbing, wiring, TV

and networking cables, and other mechanical systems can be easily hidden by a suspended ceiling.

• Yet remain accessible for repairs.

• Suspended ceilings in a home theatre solve the problem of where to nest multiple cables and power cords.

2) SOUNDPROOFING

• Suspended ceilings offer superior acoustic properties to absorb sound, so surrounding rooms are quieter.

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3) ENERGY EFFICIENCY:

• The insulating effect of suspended ceiling panels may help lower home heating or cooling bills.

• In addition, the highly reflective surface of white panels creates a brighter space, optimizing light reflection and reducing the need for additional lighting.

4) FIRE SAFETY:

• False ceiling panels and tiles are fire-retardant and meet industry standards for flame-spread ratings.

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Advantages –• it provides a smooth

homogeneous surface to the roof

• It provides fire protection as it creates compartmentation .

• False ceiling helps in acoustical treatment .

• It conceals all the non pleasing elements and hides it from the viewer's eyes .

• It also hides the pipelines and the electrical cables running in the room

• It helps cooling the room.

Disadvantages-

• Reduced headroom , as the minimum clearance for ductwork is 4 to 8 inch thus headroom space is less.

• The most worrying aspect of having a false ceiling would be pests. They can get through into the space between and can start their own breeding which might lead to a lot of trouble.

• Also be careful while putting up decorations or hangings while you have a false ceiling in place. Make sure you know the strength and durability.

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ELEMENTS OF A FALSE CEILINGA suspended ceiling system consists of 3 parts:

• Primary Members• Secondary Members and• Main Ceiling Material or Tiles (e.g. acoustic boards, cloth etc.)

These primary and secondary members are called the structural members and form the framework on which the boards, lighting fixtures, A.C ducts etc. are fixed. The diagram below depicts all the important parts of a false ceiling (suspended ceiling) system:1) Main Runners2) Secondary members3) Perimeter section4) Hanging member5) Tile

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• Suspended ceilings are created using metal grid systems, which are suspended below the ceiling or roof deck using a series of wires. The grid is then filled in with ceiling tiles, which are primarily made from mineral fibre blends. Depending up on the appearance and visibility of the members false ceilings are classified in to two types. They are:

1. Exposed Grid2. Concealed grid

EXPOSED GRID SYTEMS• A system where the grid is visible and into which panels are laid. The grid

is finished in colours to harmonise or contrast with the panels is known as exposed grid type ceiling.

TYPES OF FALSE CEILING SYSTEMSIntroduction

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TYPES OF FALSE CEILING SYSTEMS• Exposed grid varieties are the most common type of suspended ceiling. • They consist of long metal strips, called "mains," which are interconnected with

shorter metal pieces known as "tees Together, the mains and tees form a grid system ,which are then filled with acoustical ceiling tiles.

• Exposed grid suspended ceiling systems can contribute to passive fire protection.

• The system is rapid to install and can provide a high degree of access to the ceiling void.

MAIN TEE• The main runners shall be installed so that they

are level. Levelling shall be done with the supporting hangers taut to prevent any subsequent download movement when the ceiling loads are applied.

HANGER WIRE • Where hangers wires pass through

main runners, the loops shall be sharply bent and tightly wrapped to prevent vertical movement of the runner within the loop.

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CROSS TEES • Cross tees that are supported by either main

runners or other cross tees shall be installed so that from a right angle with the interesting runner.

• Cross tees over 600mm long which are cut and rest on the wall angle shall be supported by an additional hanger.

WALL ANGLE • Wall angle shall be neatly jointed at all

external and internal angles.• All wall angle shall be firmly fixed at the

specified centres to the perimeter wall or other structure.

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CONCEALED GRID SYSTEMS • Concealed grid systems use the acoustical tiles to hide the grid system from view.

This creates a smooth, clean which is aesthetically pleasing. The tile used has a small groove built into it's perimeter, which slides over the mains and tees to cover them.

• Various metal and a few kinds of pop ceilings come under this category This type is more expensive than an exposed system.

• This kind of false ceiling system is difficult for maintenance to access areas above the ceiling.

• Figures showing sections of the concealed grid ceilings

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SOFFIT CLEAT: • Soffit cleat is used to hold the ceiling angle

vertically in position. Soffit cleat is fixed to ceiling with help of fasters. Ceiling angle is connected o soffit clit with uses of metal to metal screws.

PERIMETER CHANNEL: • Perimeter channel is fixed

along the periphery of false ceiling area. The perimeter channel is fixed to wall with help of screw and serves as supports of intermediate channels.INTERMEDIATE CHANNEL:

• Intermediate channel acts as basic skeleton to hold the suspended ceiling system.

• Intermediate channel is fixed to ceiling angels by using metal to metal screws.

• Ceiling section is connected to intermediate channel through connecting clip.

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CEILING SECTIONS:• Ceiling section is hold by

intermediate channel with the help of connecting clip. Gypsum board is fixed to ceiling section with the help of drywall screws.

CONNECTION CLIP:• Connecting clip is used to connect

ceiling section to intermediate channel.

DRYWALL SCREWS:• Drywall screws are used to fix

gypsum sheet to ceiling section.

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EXPOSED GRID SYTEMS CONCEALED GRID SYSTEMS

Intermediate channel

Perimeterchannel

Wall angle Soffit cleat

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EXPOSED GRID SYTEMS CONCEALED GRID SYSTEMS

HANGING WIRE G.I. STRIPS

(A) Fibre(B) Synthetic Leather or Cloth(C) Glass(D) Metal

Material Used in False Ceiling

1. Concealed 2. Exposed

(A)Plaster of Paris (B) Gypsum (C) Wooden

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1.(A) POP(Plaster of Paris) false ceiling Introduction:-• Plaster of Paris (POP) is commonly used

for constructing false ceilings.• Type of a ceiling that originated from

France• Gypsum, which gives out water when

heated, makes POP.• Post-heating, gypsum softens and is then

crushed to form a powder.• POP hardens instantly when water is

added to it.• It is applied to fiberboard or a wood base,

which is then suspended to form the false ceiling.

• The most important feature of false ceiling’s beauty is cove lighting. It is an indirect form of artificial light.

Compositions of POP• Use of a white powder (calcium trioxo

carbonate) for molding the ceiling into any form and pattern.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF POP• Plaster of Paris is easy to spread and level.• It is fire resistant highly.• It forms a thick surface to resist normal knocks after drying.• It expands very slightly on the setting.• It does not cause cracking of surfaces. It gives a decorative interior finish. It mixes

up easily with water.

Method for fixing the POP false ceilingStep 1:-FIXING THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAMS OR PLATER CEILING.• Fixing a aluminum or wooden

framework to act as supporting structure directly to the existing ceiling or roofing beams.

Step 2:-FIXING A SUSPENDED FRAMEWORK TO A PLASTERD CEILING.• Screw the supports to the existing

ceiling using screws and plugs. • Fix the supports at the same height.

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Step 3:-Fixing vertical struts to the supports • Decide on the height of the new ceiling.• Measure the desired height from the floor and make it off the 4 corners.• Fix the struts with a spacing of 60 cm.

Step 4:-Fixing the wall supports and framework members.

Step 5:-Apply the insulation• The insulations panels are then fitted over the framework members.

Step 6:-Fix the first row of ceiling panels• Screw the first ceiling panel to the left side

against the wall, using 25 mm plasterboard screws with a spacing between srews of 20 cm.

• An 8 mm expansion gap between the panel and wall.

• This gap is later covered with a finishing strip.

Step 7:-Cutting panels to length.• At the end of the row measure the required

length and mark this off.

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Step 8:-Finishing the joints.• Make sure the joints

are clean and dust free.• Fill the gap with

grouting paste and a putty knife.

• Drying for 24 hours, apply the second layer if necessary and sand smooth after drying.

Step 9:-Edging profile.• For a neat finish

in the corners, cut the ends of the finishing strips at 45 degree.

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Advantages of Plaster of Paris:

• It is light in weight and more durable.• It has low thermal conductivity.• It is very good fire resistant and hence a very good heat insulating material.• It does not shrink while setting. Therefore, it does not develop cracks on heating

or setting.• It forms a thick surface to resist normal knocks after drying.• It mixes up easily with water and is easy to spread and level.• It has good adhesion on fibrous materials.• It gives a firm surface on which the colours can settle.• It has no appreciable chemical action on paint and does not cause alkali attack.• Plaster of Paris gives a decorative interior finish. Its gypsum content provides it a

lot of shine and smoothness.• It can easily be moulded into any shape.

Disadvantages of Plaster of Paris• It is more expensive than cement or cement lime plaster.• It cannot be used in moist situations.• Skilled labour is required for precise application and thus labour cost for

applying plaster of Paris is high.• Cracks developed after passage of time.

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• Gypsum is a Soft, light weight hydrated sulfate of calcium.

• Earlier it was very laborious work to install a roof with the traditional methods, but with the advent of gypsum boards for false ceiling, it became easy to install and also cheaper.

• Gypsum false ceiling consists of gypsum boards that are being supported by Iron framework.

• It is available in variable thickness and sizes as well.

• It is quite light weight and is easy to install.

• This type of false ceiling are Sound insulated, fire resistance, soft and thermally insulated.

• The finishing work on these boards like paints, laminates, wallpapers and texture finish gives good look.

1(B) Gypsum BoardIntroduction

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ROUNDED

Type According to Edge

TAPERED

BEVELED

SQUARE EDGE

TONGUE & GROOVE

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Advantages of Gypsum Board Construction:o Gypsum board walls and ceilings have a number of outstanding

advantages:

• Ease of installation Durability

• Economy Fire resistance

• Versatility Sound Insolation1.Ease of installation• Gypsum board building systems are Easy to Install

for several reasons. • Gypsum board panels are relatively large

compared to other materials. • They come in 48- and 54-inch wide sheets and in

lengths of 8, 10, or 12 feet, so they quickly cover large wall and ceiling areas.

• Gypsum board assemblies require only a few tools for their construction.

• It can also be adhesively attached to many substrates.

• Gypsum board is a lightweight material. • Two workers can easily handle most panels and

cover large areas in very short time periods. • Gypsum board is easily finished using either a few

hand tools or relatively modest machines. • Gypsum board installers can quickly learn most

application techniques in a few hours.

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1. mass2. Fire resistance• Gypsum board is an excellent fire-resistive building material. • It is the most commonly used interior finish where fire resistance

classifications are required. • When installed in combination with other materials in laboratory-tested wall

and ceiling assemblies, gypsum board serves to effectively protect building elements from fire for prescribed time periods.

3. Durability• Gypsum board is used to construct strong, high quality walls and ceilings that

offer excellent dimensional stability and durability. • Surfaces created using gypsum board are easily decorated and refinished

4. Economy• Gypsum board is readily available and easy to apply. • It is an inexpensive wall surfacing material that provides a fire resistant

interior finish.• Gypsum board building systems can generally be installed at significantly lower

labor costs than most alternate systems.

5. Versatility• Gypsum board satisfies a wide range of architectural requirements for design. • Ease of application, performance, ease of repair, availability, and its

adaptability to all forms of decoration combine to make gypsum board unmatched by any other surfacing product

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5. Sound Insolation• Preventing the transfer of unwanted sound to adjoining areas is a key

consideration when designing a building, specifically when taking into account the intended activities of the occupants in the various parts of the building.

• For example, a building containing office spaces adjacent to manufacturing facilities requires more noise-reducing features than are typically necessary in a building that has only office space in it.

• Gypsum board wall and ceilings systems effectively help control sound transmission.

• Some construction techniques and gypsum board building systems that are successfully used for sound isolation and control are described and illustrated in Section.

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Application of Gypsum Board

• Gypsum board can be applied over wood or metal framing or furring.

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• It can be applied to masonry and concrete surfaces, either directly or to wood or metal furring strips.

• When applying board directly to masonry or concrete surfaces, smooth or fill in any irregularities to ensure proper attachment and an acceptable final finished surface.

• Furring properly attached to interior sides of exterior walls provides flat surfaces for standard fastener application as well and sufficient separation from substrates to overcome dampness in exterior walls.

• Do not allow gypsum board to directly contact surfaces, such as concrete or soil, with potentially high moisture contents.

• Most common in residential construction is the gypsum wallboard system in which the joints between the panels and internal corners are reinforced with tape and covered with joint compound to create a surface suitable for final decoration.

• External corners are normally reinforced with either a metal or plastic corner bead which in turn is covered with joint compound.

• Exposed edges are covered with metal or plastic trim. The result is a smooth, unbroken surface ready for final decoration of paint, textures, wallpaper tile, paneling, or other materials.

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1. Cheaper but difficult installation.2. Board size 2’ x 3’3. Requires more framework .4. More joints.5. Heavier than gypsum.6. More possibility of cracking.7. Harder to work.8. More messy.9. Less strength .10.Shorter life span.

GYPSUM

1. Costlier but easy installation.2. Board size 4’ x 6’3. Less framework required.4. Lesser joints required.5. Lighter than POP.6. Less possibilities of cracking.7. Easy to work.8. No mess is created.9. More stronger than POP.10. Long lasting.

COMPARISON

1(C) WOODEN FALSE CEILING

• It is used both for providing roofing and for aesthetical purpose in a building.

• It can be used both for domestic and commercial purpose.

TYPES OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING

• Suspended ceiling• Ceiling tiles

1) SUSPENDED CEILING• A non structural ceiling • suspended below the overhead

structural slab or from the structural elements of a building andnot bearing onto the walls is known as suspended ceiling.

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INTRODUCTION

• A non structural ceiling • suspended below the overhead

structural slab or from the structural elements of a building andnot bearing onto the walls is known as suspended ceiling.

2) CEILING TILES

• Ceiling tiles are standard 12" x 12" or 16" x 16" squares that are attached to a frame which are connected with vertical member.

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COMPONENTS OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING

1): FIXING THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAMS OR CEILING

• Start by fixing a wooden framework to act as supporting structure directly to the existing ceiling or roofing beams.

• Fix the wooden supports with a spacing of 40 cm. The ceiling panels are then screwed to the wooden framework.

3): FIXING VERTICAL STRUTS TO THE SUPPORTS

• The next step is to decide on the height of the new ceiling.

• Measure the desired height from the floor and mark it off at the 4 corners.

• You can then use struts of the right length to fix the false ceiling panels. Fix the struts to the supports on the ceiling.

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COMPONENTS OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING

3). FIXING THE WALL SUPPORTS AND FRAMEWORK MEMBERS

• Use a cord and a spirit level to mark off the positions of the wall supports on the wall.

• The underside of the framework will then be horizontal. Fix the wall supports to the wall along the marked lines with plugs and screws, and then fix the framework members all at the same height to the bottoms of the struts.

4): APPLY THE INSULATION

• The insulation panels are then fitted over the framework members.

• If you have fitted the struts with spacings of 60 cm you will be able to fix the insulation panels without the need to cut them to size.

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• Screw the first ceiling panel to the left side against the wall, using 25 mm plasterboard screws with a spacing between screws of 20 cm.

• Allow an 8 mm expansion gap between the panel and the wall. This gap is later covered with a finishing strip.

5): FIX THE FIRST ROW OF CEILING PANELS

6):FINISHING THE JOINTS

• If you want to finish the joints between the ceiling panels, make sure they are clean and dust free.

• Then fill the gaps with solution and a putty knife.

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7): EDGING PROFILE

• To finish the outer edges of the false ceiling neatly, fix the finishing strips in place with construction adhesive.

• Put a few spots of adhesive on the finishing strip, press it into place

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WOOD CEILING ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• They can be given various finishes, or painted to get the right look.

• They can be treated to increase their lifespan.

• They are strong.

• Ply ceiling are difficult to maintain, since these are prone to termite attacks

• The room has to be thermally controlled to reduce the humidity in the air.

• The wood is prone to warping and other physical changes, with time.

• Its highly flammable material.• Comparative to other materials wooden

ceiling is heavy.

2(C) Glass false ceiling Introduction

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• Usually transparent glass is not used as ceiling as it contradicts the very idea of false ceiling- to hide from viewer's eye .

• Thus glass used in ceiling are treatment glass such as frost glass, back painted , stained glass , mirror etc.

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Advantages:- • Creates the illusion of depth,

it makes the room visually higher.

• Resist moisture and temperature fluctuations .

• Suspended glass ceiling with stained-glass panels can be decorated with the image , ink jet or sticker on the top of transparent glass.

Disadvantages:-•Hard and brittle to cut .•Suspended glass ceilings are quite heavy compared to other ceiling materials •Most dangerous if glass tile breaks during work •Not advisable in earthquake prone areas . •Its not easy to maintain.

Method of fixing the glass ceiling

Step 1:-• Fixing the framework directly to

the beams or plaster ceiling.

Step 2:-• Fixing suspended framework to a

plastered ceiling.

Step 3:-• Fixing vertical struts to support .

Step 4:-• Fix a play on that frame

structure.

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Other way to applied a glass in false ceiling

• Fix all vertical member

• aluminum or wooden framework.

• Fix horizontal member

• Fix or apply a glass on the top

Glass applied on wooden frame

Glass applied on aluminum frame

Uses •To get a natural lights all day.•In some country to get a heat of sun light glass ceiling also helpful

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2(D) METAL CEILINGIntroduction

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PROPERTIES• Metal ceilings are made of naturally strong light-weight aluminium,zinc coated

steel or stainless steel, prepainted and treated for long life, rustfree performance, fire and moisture Resist

• All metal ceilings are designed for simple and economical installation on standard exposed systems or purpose designed grids which are easy to install and remove with minimum tools

• The flexibility of the grid system, makes for easy integration of services such as lighting, sprinklers and air grilles.minimum tools.

• Apart from defining the visual appearance of the product, the perforation will also influence the acoustic performance of the ceiling. Metal ceilings offer arange of light reflectance values between 63 & 87%.

• Metal ceilings are ideal for - Modern work spaces - Break out zones in offices - Clean rooms - Kitchens - Hospitals and - Transportation

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Metal Ceiling Offers a full range of plank and tile metal ceiling options:

• Standard tiles for installationin conventional grid systems• Special options in metal for signaturespaces, e.g. Curved metal ceilings, OpenCell ceilings and Mesh lay-in panels.

FUNCTION

Metal tiles and planks canbe specified with a range of acoustictreatments depending on the balancebetween intelligibility and confidentialityyou wish to achieve.All these products come with a durable coilcoat finish.

LIGHT REFLECTIONOrcal products offer a range of lightreflectance values between 63 & 87%.

MATERIAL• Products are made of zinc coated

steel,aluminium or stainless steel. Gauge of steel used varies as is appropriate to product type, size and configuration.

FINISH• Products are finished with a

durable,• electrostatic factory applied

polyester• powder or coil coat.

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TYPES OF METAL CEILING

CLIP AND TILE PLANK S-CURVE SHAPE OPEN CELLO

CLIP-IN TILE AND PLANK

PROPERTIES

- Plain, monolithic surface- Minimum plenum clearance- Choice of dimensions- Easy to clean- Swing down option foreasy access

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PLANK• Armstrong metal planks are available• in lengths between 900 mm and 3000• mm.• Choose between Clip-in system (1200• x 300 mm) and Carrier bar systems• (ideal for external application)• The concealed appearance of planks• minimises the visbility of the grid• making for a smooth or contiguous• appearance.• Three perforation options are

available• enabling a fine balance between

appearance• and acoustics.• The wood visual option available in• planks provides for greater visual• warmth in spaces.

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Advantages• Slick appearance• Long term durability• Fire and water resistant• Acoustical performance

achieved through perforation

• Minimal maintenance• Enhances internal air flow

Disadvantages• Expensive• Less light reflectivity.

 2(A)FIBERBOARD AND FIBER/MINERAL REINFORCED TILES

•Mineral reinforced tiles- are ceramics reinforced with natural stone, wood, vegetable fibre, bitumen and tars. This process increases the insulation capacity of the product.• Fibreboard tiles- are strengthened with wood vegetable fibre, wood waste , reed paper and agricultural wastes.

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Advantages of fibreboard

• They have high insulation against sound and fire.

• The fibre increases the hardness and the toughness of the material.

• The material can be decorated with paint or other finishes improving the aesthetics of the room.

• Water repellents and preservatives can be added to increase the life of the product.

• If fire safety is a factor, ceiling tiles made from mineral fibres, or fire-rated wood panels can be used within the construction to meet acceptable standards/ratings

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2(B) Synthetic Leather False Ceiling• The materials used in this type of ceilings are either leather or cloth and

thermocol.

• As both the used materials are man-made they can be given any form, shape and design which improves the aesthetic view of interior of the building.

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• This type of false ceiling is not extensively used but is very light weight and is quite new.

• As these collects dust and has low light transferring property it’s only used in temporary tents or other temporary buildings.

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• Step 1-Tools - Gather all of your tools.

• Step 2- Work Space & Material-to clean your wall or ceiling from any dust, dirt, oil or anything else that could prevent proper adhesion.

• Step 3-Starting Point - Your starting point may be in the center of your wall or ceiling but it also may be in the corner.

• Step 4-Apply Adhesive

• Step 5-Installing Your 1st Tile

• step 6-Repeat Step 4 and 5

How to install leather false ceiling:Introduction

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No. Material Photos Uses Cost1 POP -heat insulation

-acoustic improvement40 to 48 rs

2 Gypsum -Durability-Fire resistance-Sound Insolation

340 rs

3 Wooden -roofing and for aesthetical purpose- for domestic and commercial purpose

According to types

4 Glass -aesthetical appearance -heat instrulator

According to types

5 Metal - Modern work spaces- Break out zones in offices- Clean rooms- Kitchens

6 Synthetic Material

-itinerary buildings 900 to 1200 rs

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Lights

• Two type of lights

Exposed lights Consoled lights

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Lights use in ceiling• Surface light

• Spot light

• Rope light

Profile lights

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Different ceiling and placement of lights

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Placement of light and reflection Introduction

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MARKET SURVEYDefinition: The study of the spending characteristics and purchasing power

of the consumer who are within your business's geographic area of operation; a research method for defining the market parameters of a business.

Material Available Size In Market Market Rate• P.O.P SHEET 1) 2’ X 3’ RS. 40 2) 3’ X 3’ RS. 48

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CHENNEL BY ITS STRENGTH.

• 8 no. G.I Strips 8 feet long RS. 32-34 • 10no. G.I. Strips 8 feet long RS. 40 • 12no. G.I. Strips 8 feet long RS. 46

P.O.P. Ceiling :-

Gypsum Ceiling :-

Material Available Size In Market Market Rate

• Gypsum Ceiling Supported By 12no. Galvanised Channel Or Gypsum Channel Or Allu. Pipe.

• Gypsum Board 1) 4’ X 6’ RS. 15/sq.ft (340 per sheet) • Gypsum Channel -------------- RS. 55/sq.ft. • Aluminium Pipe -------------- RS. 65/sq.ft. • Application Material Are Gypsum Powder , Jalitap for Crackingproof .

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MARKET SURVEY Wooden Ceiling :-

Material Available Size In Market

• Wooden Ceiling Supported By Aluminium Pipe Or Ply/Wood Cause Of Heavy Weight Of Wood.

• Ply Wood 1) 4’ X 8’ 2) 4’ X 6’ 3) 3’ X 7’• 10mm and 12mm Ply Are Generally Use in Wooden Ceiling. • There Are Many Types of Ply Wood By Its Characteristics And There Are Diff.Rate of Wood By its Quality.

Glass Ceiling :- • Glass Ceiling Are Generally Use For Aesthetics, and in Glass Ceiling Mirror Glass are generally Use Glass Thickness Is 5mm To 8mm.

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MARKET SURVEY Fiber(Armstrong) Ceiling :- • Generally Available In 16”X16” , 2’X2’ , 2’X4’ Size. • Market Rate Of Mineral Fiber Tile Are Rs. 50-55

Synthetic Leather And Cloth Ceiling :- • Leather Are Available In Customize Size. • Tensile Fabric Rate Are 900-1200 Per Sq.Ft.• There Are Different Rate By Its Types(Clear Tensile,Acrylic Canvas , Firex,Acoustic 50 Etc.)

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Meet Desai

Anjali Divetiya

Mahek Gandhi

Vishnu Mehta

Parishi Jariwala

Abhishek Ajudiya

Esha Desai

Parth Makwana

Purvi Golecha