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Family Names & Navigating the Periodic Table
Part 1Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids
Highlight this stair-step line to separate the metals from the non-metals
Everything above and to the right is a nonmetal
Nonmetals
Tend to gain electrons
Form negative ions (-)
Do not conduct electricity
Are brittle (unmalleable)
Everything below and to the left is a metal
Metals
Tend to lose electrons
Form positive ions (+)
Are malleable and ductile
Conduct electricity
Metalloids
Mark these with an *:
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po
These sometimes act like a metal, sometimes like a nonmetal.
Part IIFamilies in the Periodic table
Important definition:Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outer-most energy level (outer-most shell) of an atom
They are completely responsible for how an element reacts with other elements.
Elements are arranged in Families: Groups or Columns (i.e up and down)
Families have similar properties
Usually have the same number of valence electrons
React similarly
Alkali Metals
The first column
One valence electron
Explosively reactive
Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Form bases (alkaline) solutions
Alkaline Earth Metals
Are the second column
Have two valence electrons
Stable in air, but
React quickly with a little energy
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Make up many minerals
Transition Metals are everything in Columns 3 - 12
Tend to be what we think of when we think metals
Cr – Chrome, Au – Gold, Fe – Iron, Cu – Copper
Have no rule for valence electrons
Noble Gases
are the very last column
Have eight valence electrons except Helium (He) has 2
Are very stable
Do not react with anything (usually)
Halogens
Column 17 next to noble gases
Have seven valence electrons
Extremely reactive
F, Cl, Br, I, At
Often used to kill bacteria
(think choline bleach, bromine in spas or pools)
13:Boron Family, 3 valence electrons
14: Carbon Family, 4 valence electrons
15:Nitrogen Family, 5 valence electrons
16: Oxygen Family, 6 valence electrons
The Two rows separated at the bottom are the Rare Earth Metals and are referred to by the first element in their row
• The First Row are the Lanthanides,• After La, Lanthanum • The Second Row are the Actinides,
after Ac, Actinium
Everything bigger than Uranium (#92) is human-made.
They are created in a laboratory rather than “discovered”.
They are all radioactive and most only stay together for less than a second.