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FAQs and Overview onSCADA, Telemetry and Telecontrol
using TETRA-Infrastructure
Funk-Electronic Piciorgros GmbHMichael D. Piciorgros (CEO)
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
Why TETRA and not ….
APCO 25
DMR
WiMAX
WiFi
GSM, Edge, 2G, 3G, (4G)
Other digital Wireless Systems
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
… because ?
Try to compare all technical and commercial aspects of the following presentation with the
mentioned technologies
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA (Supervise Control and Data Acquisition)
The term “SCADA” basically includes the whole system starting from the Monitors and Computers in the Control Room, the Interfacing to the Infrastructure, the Infrastructure itself, up to the Outstations the PLC’c and Sensors or Actors.
This presentation will show how the SCADA Control Room Part can be interfaced to TETRA Infrastructure using different options and how the data communication can be optimized.
Ref.:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisory_Control_and_Data_Acquisition
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
What can TETRA provide for Supervise Control and Data Acquisition?
Keywords are:
Status MessageSDS Messaging
Secondary Control ChannelPacket Switched DataMulti Slot Packet Data
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
STATUS Message:
A Status message is the shortest and fastest way to send or receive command or status information over TETRA
Status Message size is 16 BitCan be sent/received from control room
(SCADA) or from any outstation
STATUS messages can be used for:Alarm Information from outstationsPolling Request “Silence Command” from SCADA
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SDS Message:
An SDS message can be compared with a SMS text message in GSM networks but a SDS will be instantly delivered
SDS single message size is up to 254 byteMulti SDS can be used for larger data
SDS messages can be used for:Text communicationData communication (protocols, alarms, . . . )
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
Secondary Control Channel:
SDS Messages are sent on the MCCH (Main Control CHannel) on the first time slot
Additional control channels (SCCH) can be configured for each of the remaining three time slots
On one carrier a maximum of four control channels is possible
SCCH can be used for:Separate data from MCCH or Voice TrafficReduce MCCH loadSplit applications
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
Packed Switched Data:
With Packet Data, IP communication is possible on TETRA networks
Packed Data uses Traffic Channels for communication, in the same way as voice communication
TETRA provides Packet Data channel sharing between devices
Packet Data can be used for:UDP communicationTCP communication (!)Any low speed IP application (Data)
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
Multi Slot Packed Switched Data:
Multi Slot Packet Data uses two up to three traffic channels on the first carrier
Multi Slot Packet Data can use up to four traffic channels on the second carrier
MSPD can be used for:UDP communicationTCP communication (!)Any low speed IP application (Data)
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
Network Structures when using TETRA for SCADA applications
Keywords are:
Radio to Radio CommunicationSwMi to Radio Communication
SDSPacket Switched DataMulti Slot Packet Data
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA using based Radio-to-Radio
Communication
Control Room
TETRA Switch
AMR
Command and Control Line Device
Serial Communication
TMO-100
TMO-100
TMO-100
SDS
SDS
SDS
SDS
SDS
TMO-100
Serial Interface
Serial Interface
I/O
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA with Radio to Radio Communication
Easy to set upNo need to be physically linked to the TETRA
switch (infrastructure)Point to Point and Point to Multi PointLow cost solution
Two RF links to the TETRA infrastructure neededReduced communication speed
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA – using an
Control Room
TETRA Switch
AMR
Command and Control Line Device
Public Lighting
TGW-100SDS Gateway
Two Serial Interfaces
IP Communication
TMO-100
TMO-100
TMO-100
SDS Gateway
SDS
SDS
SDS
I/O
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA using an SDS Gateway
No RF traffic on the control room sideAbout 50% faster than Radio-to-Radio
communication
Needs an SDS Gateway ($$$)Needs to be connected to the TETRA switch
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA – using a Gateway
(Serial over IP)
Control Room
TETRA Switch
AMR
Command and Control Line Device
TGW-100P Packet Data
Gateway
Two Serial Interfaces
IP Communication
TMO-100
TMO-100
TMO-100
Packet Data
PD
PD
PD
Serial Interface
Serial Interface
I/O
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA using a Packet Data Gateway
No TETRA uplink on the control room sideAbout 50% faster than Radio-to-Radio
communicationMCCH is NOT used for data communication
Needs an SDS GatewayNeeds to be connected to the TETRA switch
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA – using direct Communication
Control Room
TETRA Switch
AMR
Command and Control Line Device
Direct IP Communication
TMO-100
TMO-100
TMO-100
IP
IP
IP
PD
PD
PD
I/O
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
SCADA using IP Communication
No TETRA uplink on the control room sideAbout 50% faster than Radio-to-Radio
communicationMCCH is NOT used for data communicationNo special SCADA to TETRA gateway needed
Only IP communication possibleNeeds to be connected to the TETRA switch
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
What serial Protocols can be used with TETRA?
Most of the common serial protocols like Modbus, DNP3, Pak Bus, BSAP, ROC, IEC60870-5-101, ... and also others can be used with TETRA.Depending on Radio-to-Radio communication or Switch-to-Radio communication the SCADA Server response timeout should be set to an appropriate value between 2 and 5 seconds.
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
What IP Protocols can be used with TETRA?
On Radio-to-Radio communication care should be taken when using TCP protocol, but it is no problem to use UDP.
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
What is “Serial over IP” and when should it be used?
I cases where the TETRA infrastructure does not support Secondary Control Channels (SSCH) and the Main Control Channel (MCCH) should not be overloaded, the serial data can be packed into IP frames of up to 1,5 k Bytes and sent on traffic channels with Packet Data or Multi Slot Packet Data.
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
What is “Packet Data Channel Sharing”?
Most of the SCADA applications use polling protocols. That means that the SCADA Server (Control Room) sends a request to an outstation asking for process data. And once the outstation device has responded, the next field device will be polled.In case of Packet Data communication, with each polling the specific outstation will switch to the packet data traffic channel and respond to the SCADA Server request.As there is no logical “End of Data” for the TETRA infrastructure, each device will stay after the data communication has been terminated for some additional time until a “Ready Timer” expires.With the Packet Data Channel Sharing, additional devices can use these still occupied channels
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
How can TETRA be used efficiently for SCADA applications?
For SCADA applications group communication should be avoided because it generates unwanted traffic
Data compression should be used if available Switch to Radio communication gives best performance For Data Applications using a dedicated SCCH avoids the
overload of the Main Control Channel
Piciorgros GmbH * Germany
Can TETRA modems also use the TETRA voice feature?
Yes! Depending on the modem design, voice and data features are available