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kmfd{ Aoa;fodf of]hgf th'{df
xl/s[i0f kGtpk–k|fWofks -s[lif cy{zf:q_
ndh'ª SofDk;
:jfutd\
kl/ro• kmfd{M• hldgsf] 6'qmf h'gdf Pp6} Aoa:yfkgdf v]ltkflt jf
kz'kfng ;DalGw sfo{ ul/G5
Aoa;fo
•>f]t / ;fwgsf] ;b'kof]u•/f]hufl/•kfl/jfl/s ;Gt'li6
Aoa;flos
pTkfbg
Aoa;flos
pTkfbgAl9
d'Nosd vr{
pRr Aoa:yfkg
ahf/d'lv pTkfbg
gfkmf
u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg
s] v]ltkflt Aoa;fo xf]<s] v]ltkflt Aoa;fo
xf]<
nufgL, Aoa:yfkg, hf]lvd axg
pb]Zo
cfly{s cfDbflg – d'gfkmf
xf] sf/
0f
kmfd{ Aoa;fosf u'0fx?
s= h}las k|s[ltsf] pTkfbg v= k|s[lt jf jftfj/0fn] pTkfbgdf w]/} c;/ kfg]{u= pBf]usf] t'ngfdf 7'nf] 5]qkmnsf]
cfaZostf kg]{3= ;fgf] cfsf/sf] Aoa;fo ->d laefhgsf]
sd ;Defagf_ª= dfusf] sd nrstf –lgZlrt kl/df0fsf] dfur= pTkfbgsf] kl/df0f cg';f/ d'Nodf km]/abn
t/ pTkfbssf] d'No lgwf{/0fdf clwsf/ gx'g]
5= pTkfbg / pTkfbg k|s[ofdf Ps?ktf gx'g] – u'0f:t/ km/s
h= s'n cfDbflgn] nufgL p7fpg p2f]usf] t'ngfdf nfdf] ;do nfUg]
em= nufgLdf al9 hf]lvd –nf]gsf] ;d:of -;dodf ltg{ g;Sg]_
`= 3/ / Aoa;fosf] lgs6 ;DaGw-Aoa;fosf] lg0f{odf kfl/jfl/s ca:yfsf] al9 e'ldsf_
6= t'ngfTds ?kdf :yL/ vr{sf] lx:;f al97= l56f] ;8\g] pTkfbg8= xfjfkfgL / df}ifddf al9 lge{/9= l56f] l56f] lg0f{o ug{'kg]{ -kl/l:ylt kl/at{g
e}/fVg] ePsf]n]_
Kfmfd{ Aoa;fo rqm
!= ca;/sf] klxrfg
#= of]hgf sfof{Gjog
@= of]hgf $= d'NofÍg
cg'udg pTkfbg tofl/ -;u7g_
ahfl/s/0f
Kfmfd{ Aoa;fosf dxTjk'0f{ kIfx?
Aoa;fo ug'{ k'a{ Aoa;foL n] lgDg k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ vf]Hg' k5{
• s] pTkfbg ug]{<• s;l/ pTkfbg ug]{<• sxfF pTkfbg ug]{< – cfkm\g} jf c?sf] hldgdf<• s'g pTkfbg ;fdfu|L k|of]u ug]{ / sxfFaf6
Nofpg]<• slt Hofld cfa:os<• pTkfbgn] s'g d'No kfp5<• cfa:os kg]{ hlt k};f cfkmF';u 5 ls 5|}g< – 5}g
eg] s;/L Aoa:yf ldnfpg]<• s] s:tf hf]lvd cfpg ;S5g\, s;/L c;/ sd ug]{<
kmfd{ of]hgf / clen]clvs/0f
kmfd{ of]hgfM• s[lif jf kz' pTkfbg ;DalGw ug''{ kg]
{ ;Dk'0f{ sfo{x?sf] cfjZos n]vfhf]vf ul/ sfd ;'? ug'{ cufj} pko'Qm ;dodf pko'Qm sfd ug]{ lg0fonfOg} kmfd{ of]hgf elgG5 .
kmfd{ clen]vM• s[lif ;DalGw ;Dk'0f{ sf/f]af/sf] pko'Qm
k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf] lnvtnfO{ kmfd{ clen]v elgG5.
kmfd{ clen]vsf] dxTj
• Gffªnf] Aofkf/L b]lv 7'nf Aoa;foLnfO o;sf] 7'nf] dxTj
• clen]v ePdf dfq sxf“ s] sdhf]/L ePsf] 5 kQf nfU5 / cfufld jif{sf] nfuL sdhf]/L x6fO / ;an kIf ;d]6L gfkmfd'ns of]hgf agfpg ;lsG5
• cfÎgf] Aoazfo gfkmf jf 3f6f s'g ca:yfdf 5 yfxf kfpg klg clen]v h?/L x'G5
• Aoa:yfklso Ifdtfsf] a[l4• C0fsf] nfuL cfwf/• cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/• ;/sf/L lgltsf] cfwf/
/fd|f] kmfd{ clen]vsf u'0fx?
• ;/n / a'e\mg ;lhnf]• clen]vsf] lsl;d cg';f/ pko'Qm kmf/d• cfa:ostf cg';f/ laa/0f yk 36 ug{ ;Sg]
Aoa:yf• clen]v ;DalGw oy]i6 hfgsf/L
kmfd{ clen]vsf lsl;d• kmf/dsf] gSzf –af6f], s'nf], af/, 3/,
uf]7, uf]bfd• hldgsf] k|of]usf] /]s8{• afnL pTkfbg / vkt /]s8{• kz' pTkfbg / pkef]u /]s8{• n]a/ /]s8{• d]lzg k|of]usf] /]s8{• bfgf /]s8{• :6f]/ vftf• s'v'/f /]s8{ cflb
kmfd{ OGe]G6/L• kmfd{df ePsf ;Dk"0f ;Dkltsf] d""No ;d]tsf] /]s8{
l;=g+
lsl;d laa/0f kl/df0f d"No
! gvKg] afnL pTkfbg
aLp
dn
nufOPsf] afnL
a]Rg of]Uo kz'
@ vKg] Hldg
d]lzg
eag
# /sd Sof“;
a}+s art
z]o/
hDdf
Kfmfd{ of]hgf agfpFbf Wofglbg' kg]{ s'/fx?
• lnlvt of]hgf• nlrnf] -cfaZostf cg';f/ x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg]_• hf]lvd /lxt jf sd hf]lvd• cfkmF';+u ePsf >f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd k|of]u• kl/jf/sf] cfaZostf k'/f ug]{ vfnsf] afnL
of]hgf –cGg, gub], t]nxg, t/sf/L• ;s];Dd sd vr{df al9 cfDbflg lbg] afnL /
kz'sf] pTkfbg• afnLrqmM sf]z]afnL ;dfj]z
• kl/jf/nfO{ nuftf/ /f]huf/L / cfDbflg lbg] of]hgf
• w]/} If]qsf la1x?nfO{ ;dfa]z ug]{• jftfa/0fnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{• lbuf] pTkfbgnfO{ Wofg lbg]• cfÎgf] bIftf, Ifdtf / tflnd;+u d]nvfg]• ahf/sf] l:yltnfO{ Wofg lbg]• cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ljZn]if0f
Kfmfd{ of]hgf agfpbf Wofglbg' kg]{ s'/fx?====
kmfd{ of]hgfsf] dxTj
• pb]Zo k|flKtdf ;lhnf]• >f]t / ;fwgsf] klxrfg / ;b'kof]unfO
dfu{lgb]{zg• pTkfbgnfO cfaZos kg]{ ;fdfu|Lsf]
hfgsf/L lbg] x“'bf ;dodf Aoa:yf ug{ ;lsg]
• vr{ / cfDbfgLsf] k'jf{g'dfg ul/g] x“'bf C0fsf] Aoa:yf / ;dodf nufgL ug{ ;lsg]
• kl/jf/df cGof]n gx'g] / ;Gt'li6 a9\g]• ;dodsf] art / l7s ;dodf l7s sfd ug{ ;lsg]
kmfd{ Aoa;fodf d'gfkmf
kmfd{ cfDbfgL
nfut gfkmf
pTkfbg ljqmL u/]/ cfPsf] /sd / cfkm'Fn] pkef]u u/]sf] kl/df0fsf] d'No
pTkfbg ug{ / ahfl/s/0f ug{ nfu]sf] /sd
cfDbflgaf6 vr{ 36fP/ jfFls /x]sf] /sd
s= cfDbfgLM• cfDbfgL Ö pTkfbg × d"No
v= Nffut -vr{_M• pTkfbgsf ;fdfu|Lx?df kg]{ nuflg– h:t}M dn, aLp, a]gf{, HofdL, uf]?, laiffbL, l;
+rfO cflb• ahfl/s/0f nfut– Koflsª, cf];f/–k;f/, 9'jfgL, e08f/0f, Iflt, Aofh
u= GffkmfM• Gffkmf Ö cfDbfgL – vr{
pTkfbg nfutnfO{ b'O{ efudf alu{s/0f ul/G5M
s=rfn'vr{M• o:tf] vr{ pTkfbg u/]dfq nfU5• pTkfbgsf] kl/0ffd cg';f/ rfn'vr{ kl/jt{g
x'G5• pTkfbg z'Go eof] eg] o:tf] vr{ nfUb}g• dn, aLpm, OGwg, Hofnfsf] HofdL,
bfgf, cf}iflw, ljifflw cflb
v= :ly/ vr{M• of]] vr{ pTkfbgsf] kl/df0f cg';f/ kl/at{g x'b}g
.• pTkfbg hlt eP klg of] plQg} /xG5 .• pTkfbgg} geP klg of] vr{ nfU5 .• d]lzg, cf}hf/, 3/, uf]7, e08f/ cfbLdf nfUg] vr{
gfkmfnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ s'/fx?
d'gfkmf
3/fo;L pkef]u
k|lt:klw{
k|ljlwpTkfbg ;fdfu|L laqm]t
f
qm[0f -nf]g_
ahf/ dfu
ahf/ d'No
pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lsf] d'No
sIff sfo{
• cfˆgf] kmf/dsf] gS;f agfpg';\• s'g hldgdf, slt If]qkmndf, s'g afnL
nufpg'x'G5 v'nfpg'xf];<• ;f]lx afnL nufpg'sf] sf/0f v'nfpg'xf];\‘
wGojfb