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By2030, says the UNFood and Agriculture

Organization, fish

farming will dominatefish supplies.

~Charles Clover, The End of the

Line: How Overfishing isChanging the World and How WeEat

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Why is this relevant? Fish is a major food, especially since we live in a major

seafood city- welcome to the Pacific Northwest!

To make healthy choices about ingredients we chooseto cook with, you have to know about the ingredient

itself and where it comes from!

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Issues with Farmed Fish:

Sustainability Salmon (carnivorous fish) naturally eat a variety of forager

fish, like anchovies, sardines, and mackerels.

2/3 of an average farmed salmons diet is fishmeal and fish

oil. These are created by processing millions of tons ofother fish

Farms use 573,000 tons of fish meal annually

Farms use 409,000 tons of fish oil annually

Uneaten fish feed is wasted; 15-20% of uneaten feed isemptied into the sea In Canada, some farms dump 10,000+ tons of uneaten food

annually

Worldwide: feed loss is estimated at 300,000 tons yearly

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Did you know?

That farmed salmon are fed an iodine

supplement so that their flesh appearspink like a wild salmon?

Or that it takes 3 pounds of feeder fishto produce one pound of farmed

salmon?

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Even without considering the toxic chemicals and foodadditives, the food salmon farms use pollutes the

environment! In 1995, a link was identified between farmed salmon wastes,

which are high in nitrogen and phosphorus because ofadditives, and the loss of oxygen in nearby waters. Algae feedon these excess nutrients, and use the oxygen that the fishneed.

This means that the fish can suffocate

Other studies have found chemicals and pollutants are

damaging the salmon as well as the ocean floor beneathwhere they are raised.

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Issues with Farmed fish:

EconomicA research team at Stanford University found that

since the 1980s, farmed salmon production hasincreased 500%

Wild-caught salmon sales from Alaska, BritishColumbia, and Washington state have been decreasingsteadily

A fishing vessel buy-back program has becomeincreasingly popular in fishing communities, becausefishermen can no longer afford to compete with farms.

Bail-outs happen more and more frequently.

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Did you know?

Farmed fish are susceptible to diseasesand parasites rarely contracted in the

wild.

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Issues with Farmed fish:

Health Concerns Sea lice

Causes lesions that affect the

salmons ability to keep a salt to waterratio

Concentrations around farms are

73 times higher than normal

Spreads easily to migrating juvenile wild salmon, whocannot resist these parasites well

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Health Concerns Soft-flesh syndrome, caused by the kudoa parasites

Parasites latch on and break down the muscle fibers infish

The fishs flesh becomes jelly-like, and cannot beconsumed or sold

No known cure

Kudoa parasites affect 20-50% of all British Columbiassalmon, costing at least $30 to $40 million yearly

Atlantic (farmed) salmon are more susceptible than wild

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Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a virus that causespale gills and a fish to swim near the surface of thewater, gulping for air.

In a more dangerous form, fish may show nosymptoms and suddenly die

When this happens in farms, fatalities are often 100%.

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Health Concerns: Toxins Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cooling fluids

Dioxins contaminants formed during combustions

like burning trash Dieldrin- pesticide and insecticide

Toxaphene- an insecticide banned for all uses in theUS

These toxins are carcinogens, and can also cause birthdefects (neurological effects, and impairment ofimmune system)

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A simple Solution To avoid these negative effects, we can eat more wild-

caught salmon

Some farmed salmon is safer than others; know yourfishmonger and where they get their fish from

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Works Cited Albany.edu. "Health Risks Associated with Consuming Farm-Raised Salmon."

n.d.. Web. 27 May 2013. . Foran, Jeffery A., David H. Good, David O. Carpenter, M. Coreen Hamilton,

Barbara A. Knuth and Steven J. Schwager. "Quantitative Analysis of the Benefitsand Risks os Consuming Farmed and Wild Salmon."Journal of Nutrition, 135. 11

(2005): 2639-2643. Print. Hites, Ronald A., Jeffery A. Foran, David O. Carpenter, M. Coreen Hamilton,

Barbara A. Knuth and Steven J. Schwager. "Global Assessment of OrganicContaminants in Farmed Salmon." Science 2004: 226-229. Print.

Stanford University. Salmon farms pose significant threat to salmon fisheries inthe Pacific Northwest, researchers find. September 22, 2003 Print.

Weiss, Kenneth R.. "Report Cites Health Risks of Farm-Raised Salmon." LATimes. 9th January. 2004. Web. 27th May, 2013.[articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/09/local/me-salmon9].

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