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Fascism & Nazism

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Fascism & Nazism. Glorification of Power. Fascism. An ideology opposed to liberalism, socialism, conservatism, and communism, because they brought economic depression, political betrayal, national weakness, and moral decline. Aggressively nationalistic ideology. Roots of fascist thinking. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fascism & Nazism Fascism & Nazism Glorification of Power Glorification of Power
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Page 1: Fascism & Nazism

Fascism & NazismFascism & NazismGlorification of PowerGlorification of Power

Page 2: Fascism & Nazism

FascismFascism►An ideology opposed to liberalism, An ideology opposed to liberalism,

socialism, conservatism, and socialism, conservatism, and communism, because they brought communism, because they brought economic depression, political economic depression, political betrayal, national weakness, and betrayal, national weakness, and moral decline.moral decline.

►Aggressively nationalistic ideology.Aggressively nationalistic ideology.

Page 3: Fascism & Nazism

Roots of fascist thinkingRoots of fascist thinking►The work of Friedrich Nietzsche The work of Friedrich Nietzsche

influenced fascists, particularly the influenced fascists, particularly the view expressed here:view expressed here:

Man does not search for happiness.Man does not search for happiness.Only the English liberal does that.Only the English liberal does that.

Page 4: Fascism & Nazism

Fascist ideology & MussoliniFascist ideology & Mussolini► Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined

the term in 1919, referring to the Roman the term in 1919, referring to the Roman symbol for “power through unity” – asymbol for “power through unity” – abundle of reeds bundle of reeds called “fasces,”called “fasces,”individually weakindividually weakbut collectively strong.but collectively strong.

Page 5: Fascism & Nazism

Fascism & totalitarianismFascism & totalitarianismFascist ideology is totalitarian, which Fascist ideology is totalitarian, which

means a political system that controls means a political system that controls every aspect of life, so that there is no every aspect of life, so that there is no private sphere or independent private sphere or independent organizations. organizations.

Fascism extols aggressive nationalism and Fascism extols aggressive nationalism and dominion of the totalistic state over the dominion of the totalistic state over the individual.individual.

Page 6: Fascism & Nazism

Ideas of MussoliniIdeas of MussoliniMussolini argued that citizens were Mussolini argued that citizens were

empoweredempowered when they were when they were subordinated to the state. By blindly subordinated to the state. By blindly obeying the state, they helped the obeying the state, they helped the state thrive, which benefited them. state thrive, which benefited them.

To Mussolini, this distinguished the To Mussolini, this distinguished the fascist state from repressive fascist state from repressive authoritarian governments, which authoritarian governments, which sought to crush people, & not empower sought to crush people, & not empower them.them.

Page 7: Fascism & Nazism

Other Fascist RegimesOther Fascist Regimes►Spain under FrancoSpain under Franco►Portugal under SalazarPortugal under Salazar►Germany under Hitler – the most Germany under Hitler – the most

extremeextreme

Page 8: Fascism & Nazism

Regimes with fascist Regimes with fascist elementselements

►Argentina under Juan Peron (1946-55)Argentina under Juan Peron (1946-55)►Chile under Pinochet (1973-1990)Chile under Pinochet (1973-1990)► Iraq under Saddam Hussein (1970s – Iraq under Saddam Hussein (1970s –

2003)2003)►South Africa apartheid regime for South Africa apartheid regime for

BlacksBlacks(1945-1990)(1945-1990)

Page 9: Fascism & Nazism

Fascist Principles Fascist Principles ►Anti-individualisticAnti-individualistic►Anti-democraticAnti-democratic►Anti-egalitarianAnti-egalitarian►Anti-capitalistAnti-capitalist►Anti-pacifistAnti-pacifist►Anti-internationalistAnti-internationalist►Anti-conservativeAnti-conservative►Anti-intellectualAnti-intellectual

Page 10: Fascism & Nazism

NazismNazismFascism taken to Fascism taken to its extreme form.its extreme form.Racist and anti-Semitic Racist and anti-Semitic elements that did not elements that did not appear in Italian fascism.appear in Italian fascism.

Page 11: Fascism & Nazism

Adolph HitlerAdolph Hitler►Hitler considered himself superior, even Hitler considered himself superior, even

though he was a drifter & failed artist during though he was a drifter & failed artist during his youth.his youth.

► A corporal during WWI, he was devastated A corporal during WWI, he was devastated by Germany’s loss & blamed it on the Jews.by Germany’s loss & blamed it on the Jews.

►He started his political career at age 30, He started his political career at age 30, joining the German Workers Party. He had joining the German Workers Party. He had exceptional speaking skills & came to be exceptional speaking skills & came to be revered by others in the party. He was revered by others in the party. He was chosen its leader in 1921, and renamed it chosen its leader in 1921, and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers Party. the National Socialist German Workers Party.

Page 12: Fascism & Nazism

Adolph HitlerAdolph Hitler►He mounted a coup attempt against the He mounted a coup attempt against the

Weimer Republic in 1923; it failed. He broke Weimer Republic in 1923; it failed. He broke from the right wing establishment when they from the right wing establishment when they didn’t back him.didn’t back him.

► It was at this point that he became It was at this point that he became convinced that he should become dictator of convinced that he should become dictator of Germany, even though he lacked education Germany, even though he lacked education and social status.and social status.

► By 1933, Hitler’s party was the largest in the By 1933, Hitler’s party was the largest in the country and he was Reich Chancellor.country and he was Reich Chancellor.

Page 13: Fascism & Nazism

Mein KampfMein Kampf (1924) (1924)Hitler wrote this while serving a 9-Hitler wrote this while serving a 9-month prison sentence after the month prison sentence after the unsuccessful coup attempt. He had unsuccessful coup attempt. He had been sentenced to 5 years but been sentenced to 5 years but authorities sympathized with his authorities sympathized with his extreme ethnic nationalism. extreme ethnic nationalism. 

Page 14: Fascism & Nazism

Mein KampfMein Kampf (1924) (1924)

The title means The title means My StruggleMy Struggle, and it , and it expounds on Hitler’s anti‑Semitism, expounds on Hitler’s anti‑Semitism, worship of power, scorn for morality, worship of power, scorn for morality, and plan for world domination.and plan for world domination.

Page 15: Fascism & Nazism

Questions from Questions from Mein KampfMein Kampf►What is his central point in the What is his central point in the

selection you read?selection you read?

Page 16: Fascism & Nazism

Questions from Questions from Mein KampfMein Kampf►That the blood of the highest race That the blood of the highest race

must be kept pure from intermingling must be kept pure from intermingling with other races if human culture is to with other races if human culture is to advance; corruption of blood leads to advance; corruption of blood leads to the destruction of culture.the destruction of culture.

Page 17: Fascism & Nazism

Nazi racial theoryNazi racial theoryThree races:Three races:►Aryans (Germanic) – culture creatingAryans (Germanic) – culture creating► Jews – culture destroyingJews – culture destroying►Middle – culture maintaining Middle – culture maintaining

At various levels of hierarchy between At various levels of hierarchy between Aryans and Jews.Aryans and Jews.

Page 18: Fascism & Nazism

Nazi racial theoryNazi racial theory►The belief that Germans were The belief that Germans were

threatened the most from an internal threatened the most from an internal enemy led to the Holocaust, the enemy led to the Holocaust, the extermination of 6 million Jewish people extermination of 6 million Jewish people in Europe. in Europe.

►Everything was sublimated to the need Everything was sublimated to the need to purify the German race. In fact, it to purify the German race. In fact, it even drove Nazi policies that worked even drove Nazi policies that worked against the war effort.against the war effort.

Page 19: Fascism & Nazism

Nazi racial theoryNazi racial theory►The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

in Washington D.C. defines the in Washington D.C. defines the HolocaustHolocaust as: “the state-sponsored as: “the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945.” 1945.”

►The Nazi leaders used this euphemism The Nazi leaders used this euphemism to describe the policy: "The Final to describe the policy: "The Final Solution to the Jewish Problem."  Solution to the Jewish Problem." 

Page 20: Fascism & Nazism

Genocide Genocide ►Nazi extermination of the Jews is Nazi extermination of the Jews is

considered to be considered to be GenocideGenocide ‑ the ‑ the systematic extermination of a whole systematic extermination of a whole people or race. people or race. 

►The U.S. government has called the The U.S. government has called the killing of Sudanese in Darfur by killing of Sudanese in Darfur by government-sponsored militia a government-sponsored militia a “genocide.”“genocide.”

Page 21: Fascism & Nazism

Other victims of Nazi Other victims of Nazi ideologyideology

►The Nazis also persecuted and killed The Nazis also persecuted and killed Gypsies, non-Jewish Polish people, Gypsies, non-Jewish Polish people, homosexuals and people with homosexuals and people with disabilities as racial purity reasons.disabilities as racial purity reasons.

►They killed political dissidents, Soviet They killed political dissidents, Soviet prisoners of war, Freemasons and prisoners of war, Freemasons and Jehovah’s Witnesses for political Jehovah’s Witnesses for political reasons. reasons.

Page 22: Fascism & Nazism

Nazi racial theoryNazi racial theoryHitler wrote, “The Jew has always been a Hitler wrote, “The Jew has always been a

people with definite racial people with definite racial characteristics and never a religion.” characteristics and never a religion.” To him, the Jewish To him, the Jewish religionreligion is not the is not the problem.problem.

If their religious faith is not a threat, why If their religious faith is not a threat, why should Non-Jews worry about Jews? should Non-Jews worry about Jews?

Page 23: Fascism & Nazism

The Jewish “Problem”The Jewish “Problem”► Seek to pollute Aryan blood. Seek to pollute Aryan blood. ► Cunning (not smart), with strong will to Cunning (not smart), with strong will to

survive.survive.► Seek to destroy higher cultures.Seek to destroy higher cultures.► Not “idealistic;” no selfless or noble attitudes.Not “idealistic;” no selfless or noble attitudes.► No original contributions to art or science.No original contributions to art or science.► In league with communists.In league with communists.► Betrayed German state during WWI.Betrayed German state during WWI.► Not human but subhuman.Not human but subhuman.

Page 24: Fascism & Nazism

Questions from Questions from Mein KampfMein Kampf►How did Hitler make the argument How did Hitler make the argument

about racial superiority?about racial superiority?

Page 25: Fascism & Nazism

Questions from Questions from Mein KampfMein Kampf► 1. Natural law: “one of the most patent 1. Natural law: “one of the most patent

principles of Nature's rule: the inner principles of Nature's rule: the inner segregation of the species of all living beings segregation of the species of all living beings on this earth.” on this earth.”

► 2. History: historical experience offers 2. History: historical experience offers countless proofs, e.g., the purity of the race in countless proofs, e.g., the purity of the race in North America has led to greater achievements North America has led to greater achievements than in Central & South America.than in Central & South America.

► 3. Religion: “sin against the will of the creator. 3. Religion: “sin against the will of the creator. He refers to a sin against the will of eternal He refers to a sin against the will of eternal Providence.”Providence.”

Page 26: Fascism & Nazism

Questions from Questions from Mein KampfMein Kampf►What metaphors does Hitler use to What metaphors does Hitler use to

refer to the Jewish people? refer to the Jewish people?

Page 27: Fascism & Nazism

Questions from Questions from Mein KampfMein Kampf►a horde of ratsa horde of rats►parasites in the body of other peoples parasites in the body of other peoples ►subhumansubhuman

Page 28: Fascism & Nazism

Hitler and communismHitler and communism►Nothing socialist in NAZI policies. Very Nothing socialist in NAZI policies. Very

elitist.elitist.►Communism was part of the Jewish Communism was part of the Jewish

conspiracy to destroy the Aryans. conspiracy to destroy the Aryans. Marx was a Jew who extracted “the most Marx was a Jew who extracted “the most

essential poisons ”from the slowly essential poisons ”from the slowly decomposing world and brewed them into a decomposing world and brewed them into a concentrated solution to swiftly annihilate concentrated solution to swiftly annihilate the independent existence of free nations... the independent existence of free nations... all in the service of his race.” all in the service of his race.”

Page 29: Fascism & Nazism

Hitler and capitalismHitler and capitalism►Hitler did not like the bourgeoisie Hitler did not like the bourgeoisie

either. In fact, he scorned them for either. In fact, he scorned them for being only concerned with material being only concerned with material comfort. He referred to middle class comfort. He referred to middle class Germans as the “miserable army of Germans as the “miserable army of our present-day shopkeepers.”our present-day shopkeepers.”

Page 30: Fascism & Nazism

Ideology mattersIdeology mattersImpact of ideology on our lives is not Impact of ideology on our lives is not

incidental or abstract. This is true of incidental or abstract. This is true of all ideologies but particularly clear in all ideologies but particularly clear in the example of Nazism.the example of Nazism.

The following photos chosen to illustrate The following photos chosen to illustrate its impact. Some are graphic.its impact. Some are graphic.

Page 31: Fascism & Nazism

Administrative detailsAdministrative detailsReport by HimmlerReport by Himmlerto Hitler:to Hitler:363,211 Jews363,211 Jewsin Nazi-occupied in Nazi-occupied USSR were murdered,USSR were murdered,Aug.-Nov. 1942Aug.-Nov. 1942

Page 32: Fascism & Nazism

Glorification of racial Glorification of racial superioritysuperiority

Nazi soldiersNazi soldiersgoing to Poland.going to Poland.Sign reads:Sign reads:““We are going to We are going to Poland to strikePoland to strikeout the Jews.”out the Jews.”

Page 33: Fascism & Nazism

Treating Jews as subhumanTreating Jews as subhumanNazi soldiersNazi soldiersin Russiain Russiabeating abeating aJewish manJewish man

Page 34: Fascism & Nazism

Treating Jewish prisoners as Treating Jewish prisoners as subhumansubhuman

Men and boyMen and boyin Poland, in Poland, humiliated &humiliated &waiting to bewaiting to beexecutedexecuted

Page 35: Fascism & Nazism

Pseudo-scientific elementsPseudo-scientific elementsPhony “race theory” about Aryan Phony “race theory” about Aryan

superiority justified inhumane medical superiority justified inhumane medical experiments. experiments.

AuschwitzAuschwitzchildrenchildrensubjected to subjected to medical testsmedical tests

Page 36: Fascism & Nazism

Why is there neofascism?Why is there neofascism?

►What is the continuing appeal of What is the continuing appeal of fascist ideas?fascist ideas?

►What elements of modern society What elements of modern society may make these ideas more may make these ideas more appealing?appealing?


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