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FATHER YORKE TO DR. WENDTE The Catholic Doctrine Re- garding Church and State. THERE IS NO CONFLICT. Both Have Their Separate Mis- sions, Declares the Chan- cellor. ALETTER FROM H, W. BOWMAN. The Editor Compares the Progress of Catholic and Protestant Countries. Rev. Father Yorke answer? the letter of Eev. l>r. Wendte on the "Catholic Church and Civii Government" as follows: To the Editor of The Call—Dear Sir: My let- ter of yesterday was devoted to some prelimi- nary remarks 'on the value of the authorities quoted by Dr. Wendte and on the controversial methods "o: those who oppose the Catholic church. I then stnted that Dr. Wendte was not acquainted with the \u25a0\u25a0 .' bines of Cath- olicism concerning tho relations of church and state. Thai teaching I intend to set forth now a* clearly as I can. MAN'S INTERESTS. As man is made up of soul and body he has eternal a« well as- temporal interests. his, I suppose. Dr. Wend te will not deny. Man de- sires to live his life as comfortably as he can; he wishes to secure the fruit of Ms labor: he tries to perfect his mental and his moral lacui- ties; he would vindicate for himself all these liberties which do not interfere with the rights of others or with the common good. Such are hi*temporal interests. Besides these, however, there are interests which affect the future life. All who believe in the immortality of the soul acknowledge that the present life is but a preparation for a life beyond the grave. How to tit ourselves for this other existence is a serious question. "What shall I do to be saved?" . The answer to this question comprehends what we call our eternal interests. THE STATE. It is a dictate of human nature that when men wish to obtain any common end they hand together for the purpose. When, therefore, they all wish to secure their temporal welfare, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, they organize into what is known as civil society. As God is the author of human nature we call him the author of society. If Dr. Wen dte wrote a book calculated to create a bad impression against any one we would call him the author of that impression. When God created a being calculated to live incivil society we call God the author of civil society. This is the teaching of Leo XIII in his "Chris- tian Constitution of States": Mac's natural instinct moves him to live in civil society, for he cannot, if dwelling apart, provide himself with the necessary requirements of life, nor procure the means of developing his mental and moral faculties. Hence, it is divinely ordained that he ahouM lead his life— It family, social or civil—with his fellow-men, among whom alone his several wants can be adequately supplied. But as no society can hold to;«-t;;er unless some one bo overall, directing all to strive earnestly for the common goo!, every civilized community must have a ruling authority, and this authority," no less than society itself, has its source in iia;;ir>.\ and has, consequently. i;od for its author. Hence it fol- lovrs that all public power mus: proceed from God. tor God alone is the tree and supreme Lord of the world. Kverythinc* without exception, must he subject to himand most serve him: so that whoso- ever holds the richt to govern holds it from one sole and single source— namely, God, the Sovereign Ruler of all. There is no power but from God (Rom. xiii:l.) THE CHURCH. If it is necessary lor men to organize in order to secure their temporal interests, it is just as necessary for them to organize in order to secure their eternal interest*. But this dif- ficulty arises: In temporal affairs men are compelled by the stern logic of facts to hang together, else they will end by hanging sep- arately. No matter how much they may dif- fer on political questions, when it comes to the existence of the state or the society they are generally a unit. If, however, passion drives them beyond the bounds, we have riot*, anarchy, civil war. and, sometimes, loss of in- dependence. The very nature of things com- pels the establishment of a stable and an authoritative government. If the people of a certain region will not do it for themselves by common consent, the people of the neighbor- Ing region will do it by conquest aud the strong hand. Men know at once when their temporal interests are injeopardy, and conse- quently they take measures to secure them as Eoon as possible. Itis quite otherwise, however, when it comes to eternal interests. Whether these interests have been secured or not no one knows for himself until he is dead. Hence, during life he may fall into all kinds of illusions concern- ing the best way of maintaining them, and never discover his error. Hence, mistakes in the matter of onr eternal interests are not self- corrective, as are mistakes inthe matter of our temporal interests. As a result, each man is naturally a law unto himself, and there are as many opinions as there are individuals. But co-operation is ns necessary in attending to our eternal interests as it is in attending to our temporal interest?. As human nature now stands this co-operation, though theoretically possible, is practically unattainable. History proves this assertion. Hence God himself has intervened and has sent his Son to bring about this co-operation by founding a society which willdo for the eternal what civil society does for the temporal. This society we call the church. CHURCH AND STATE. Leo XIII sums up this condition of affair? in the following passage from the encyclical al- ready quoted: " The Almighty, therefore, has appointed the charge of the human race between two do wers— tre ecclesiastical and the civil: the one being set over divine and the other over human things. tar.") In Its kind is supreme; each has fixed 1 ruita within which it is contained, limits which are defined by the nature and special object of the province of each, so that there la, we may say. an orbit traced out, within which the action of each is brought into play by it* own native right; but in- r.smucli si each of these two powers has author- ity over the same subjects, and a< itmight come to pass that one and th» same thing—related differently,bat still remaining: one an.i the same thing—might belong to the jurisdiction and de- termination of both, therefore <.od, who toresees all things and who is the author of those two powers, has marked out the course of each In right correlation to the oilier. For the powers that are are ordained 01 God. (Rom. viii:2.) Were this not so deplorable contentions and conflicts would often arise.and not infrequently men, like travelers at the meeting of two roads, would hesitate In anxiety and doubt, not knowing what course to lollow. Two powers would be commanding con- trary things and it would be a dereliction of duty to disobey either of the two. But It would be most repugnant to deem thus of the wis-iom and kom ;n ss of (iod. Even in physi- cal things, albeit or a lower order, the Almighty has so combined the lor, and springs of nature with tempered action and wondrous harmony that no one of them clashes with any other, and all of them most h'tly and antly wefic together for the great purpose of the verse There must ac- cordingly exist between these two powers a cer- tain orderly connection, which may be compared to the union of the soul and body In man. The nature and scope of that connection can be determined only, as we have laid down, by having regard to the nature of each power, ami by taking account of the relative excellence and nobleness of their purpose. One of the two has for its approxi- mate and chief object the well being of this mortal life: the other the everlasting Joys Of heaven. Whatever, therefore, in things human is of a sa- cred character, whatever belongs either of its own nature or by reason of the end to which It is re- ferred, to the salvation of sou's, or to the worship of God, is subject to the power and judgment of the church. Whatever is to be ranged under the civil and political order is rightly subject to the civilau- thority. Jesus Christ lias himself given command tnal what is Caesar's is to be rendered to i B--«r, and what belongs to God is to be rendered to God. DR. WESDTE'S FIRST QVOTATION. This explanation gives the true meaning of the first quotation produced by Dr. Weudte to prove his thesis that Catholics believe in "the supremacy of the church and the subordina- tion of the state to it." That quotation he ascribes to Bi«nop Gilmour. I pass no opinion on its authenticity. I know that several spurious bentlments attributed to that Bishop have been floating round in A. P. A. literature. As, however, the present quotation is susceptible of a Catholic interpretation I neither affirm nor deny its genuineness. It runs as follows: • "The state is for the body, the church is for the soul. But the soul is superior to the body, hence the church is above the state." From this quotation Dr. Wendte mathematically concludes: "Therefore the Pope is the soy- ereign of the world, and all civil governments must submit to nis dictation." Now, lei me ask Dr. Wendte, Does he believe In the saying, "What doth it piotit a man If he pain the whole world and suffer the loss of his own soul?" or,"What shall a man give in exchange for his soul?" Docs not Dr. Wer.dte consider the immortal part of him ofmore value than all the kingdoms of earth? Would he, like Faust, consent to barter his soul for anything this world can give? Hence, is not . the organization, or the belief, or the way in which he keeps his soul in touch witheternity more valuable to him than anything that exists? Is it not the '-greatest thing in the world?" Is it not superior to all temporal concerns? Does he then conclude that he is the ruler of all? And ifBishop Gil- mour said that the church is superior to the state inthe sense that the soul is superior to the body, is it logical, is itlair to offer this as a proof that Catholics believe in a theocracy? What control has the soul over the body be- yond the control of reason? And every time Dr. Wendte makes a speech does he not strive to control the state by reason? Surely it must be very hard to find evidence against the church when her opponents are re- duced to such straits as this. Let mc now quote from a few Catholic theologian? who are recognized as authorities. They will de- clare in plain unequivocal language what is the doctrine of the church. CATHOLIC DOCTRINE. Dr. Wendte says: "The Pope is the sovereign of the world and all civil governments must submit to his dictation." Suarcz, the great Jesuit theologian of the sixteenth century, whose works James I of England had burned by the common hang- man because he refuted the doctrine of the "divine right of kings to govern wrong," says in his monumental treatise "On Law" (book lll, chapter vi, No. 3): "The supreme pontiff baa no direct temporal power over the world except in these provinces of which he is tem- poral lord," namely, the city of Rome and the adjoining districts," of which he was king until ISTO. Cardinal Tarquinl writes in his "Institutions of Ecclesiastical law": "Civil society, even though every member of it be Catholic, is not subject to the church, but plainly independent in temporal things which regard" its temporal end." (Page 55.) The following extracts are taken from the evidence given by Dr. Doyle, the Catholic Bishop of Kildare, before a committee of the British Bouse oi Commons. The member-; of tnat committee were ail Protestants, and they asked the same questions which evidently Dr. Wendte would r.sk to-day. Let us hope "that the answers will be equally satisfactory: Q.—ln what ami how far does the Roman Catho- lic profess to obey the Pope? A.—The < atholie professes to obey the Pope In matters which regard his religious faith and In those matters of ecclesiastical discipline which have already been defined by the competent au- thorities. y. — Does this obedience detract from what Is due by the Catholic to the State? A.—Not In the -lightest degree: on the contrary, as the laws of God, which the Pope does enforce among Catholics, ordain that we should pay obed- |ience to the existing Government of the country where we dwell, so the obedience we owe the Pope only tends to confirm us inour allegiance to such Government. Q.— Does that justify the objection that Is made to Catholics that their allegiance Is divided? A.—l do not think it does in any way: we are j bound to obey the Pope in those things that I have already mentioned, but our obedience to the law j and the allegiance which we owe the soy reign are complete and full and perfect and undivided Inas- !much as they extend to all political, legal and civil i rights of the King or his subjects. (1 think the alie- giance due to tne:lKng and that due to the Pop* ate as distinct and as divided in their nature as any two things can possibly be. Q.— ls the claim thai some Popes have set up to temporal authority opposed to scripture and tradi- tion? A.—l n my opinion it is opposed to both. Such, then, are the opinions of men who knew the Catholic iaith through and through. But Dr. Wendte may ask how do I consider it with the quotations given by Mr. Hittell. These quotations I have already demonstrated to be suspicious. To show exactly what they are will take a whole letter, which" I propose to write to-morrow. Therefore, the only two re- • maining quotations which deal with civil j allegiance are those from Bishop.Gilmour and Cardinal Newman. ANOTHER GARBLED QUOTATION. Dr. Wendte writes: Pome years ago Bishop Gilmour of Cleveland laid down in a pastoral letter to his diocese the Catholic philosophy of government in the follow- : ing words: "Nationalities must be made subor- | dinate to religion. We must learn that we are Catholics first and citizens next. Catholicism teaches that God Is above man, the church is above the State." This is certainly explicit and emphatic enough. I wish in the beginning to draw Dr. Wendte's attention to the unscholarly nature of such an argument as this. He quotes a pastoral writ- ten "some years ago," but he does not give us I the faintest intimation of what the pastoral was about or where it may be found. A pas- | toral is usually a lengthy document, yet a halt dozen words are scissored out of it to'make an J argument against Catholics. Now I nave not been able to find the pastoral, ! but I think I know what it was about. It was written at a time when the question of nation- ality was causing some disturbance in Ohio. Catholics of German extraction wished to have priests and bishops of their own race, or, at least, some busybodies wanted to make out that they did. Indeed, there was a time « hen certain people claimed that a movement was under way to divide the Catholic body along the lines of nationality, so that, for instance, ] in San Francisco there would be one Catholic j Archbishop for the Germans, another for the ! Poles, another for the Italians, another for the i Irish and another for native American : citizens. This system is very popular among Protest- ants, who have Swedish Methodists, German Lutherans, English Lutherans, Northern Bap- tists, Southern Presbyterians and so o:i. Against this scheme Bishop Gilmour protested. He was a convert from Preshyterianism and he was dour and hard to the last. He never minced matter, and when the plan was broached in Cleveland he "charged" against it. Nationalities must be made subordinate to religion. We must learn tnat we are Catholics first and citizens afterward. Catholicism teaches that "God is above man and the church above the state." That is, the petty jealousies of nationalities and citizenship should not be allowed to divide the church which God estab- lished for the salvation of all. This is the true sense ot Bishop Gilmour's words, and I say now that if they were in- tended to mean what Dr. Wendte makes them mean, namely, a evil supremacy of the church over the state. Bishop Gilmour was not ex- pressing Catholic doctrine. Is this clear enough, Dr. Wendte? FALSIFYINGNEWMAN'S WORDS. The second quotation is from Cardinal New- man. Dr. Wendte writes: So Cardinal Newman, in his famous controversy with Mr. Gladstone, maintained that the British Ministers should have gone to Rome to ascertain the civilduties of a British Catholic subject and that "no pledge from Catholics was of any value to which Home was no: a party.' Apply this prin- ciple to our American political life and it means simply this: That no P.oman Catholic citizen can rightly take an oath of allegiance without the con- sent of Borne, or. in other words, that P.ome Is a higher authority In American affairs than the Re- publicItself. IfDr. Wendte has ever read Cardinal New- man's work I cannot acquit him of dishonesty. There is not a word in the context which bears out the assertion that the "British Ministers should bave gone to Rome to ascertain the civil duties of a British Catholic subject." Newman is drawing attention to the ridicu- lous policy of the English Government, accord- ing to which, although it has civil and political dealings with Catholics in countries where Catholicism is the established religion, still it will not deal directly with the Pope. It prefers to negotiate with unauthorized persons on matters not of Catholic teaching, but of civil policy, and then it complains if Rome does not back up everything these unauthor- ized persons did or promised. Here is what Newman says: I recollect, years ago, Dr. Griffiths, Vicar Apos- tolic of the London district, giving me an account of an interview he had with the late Lord Derby, then. 1 suppose. Colonial Secretary. I understood j himto say that Lord Derby was In perplexity at the time on some West India matter, in which Catholics were concerned, because he could not find their responsible representative. He wanted I Dr. Griffiths to undertake the office, and expressed something of disappointment \u25a0 when the Bishop Celt obliged to decline it. A chronic malady has irorn time 10 time Its paroxvsras, and the history on which 1 am now engaged is a serious Instance of It. I think It Is impossible that the British Government could have entered Into formal negotiations with the Pope without Its transpiring In the course of them and its becoming perfectly clear that Rome could never be nparty to such a pledge as £ngland wanted, and that no pledge from Catholics was of any value to which Rome was not a party. . Again let me ask Dr. Wehdte is this fair? He is writing against a .great church, and his words, as far as they reach, affect the charac- ters oi 12.000,000 of his fellow-citizens. They do not, as he says, take reluge in ignorance or in illogicality. They say we know the teach- ing of our church, and we know there is noth- ing in it opposed to the highest Americanism, and Dr. Wenate brings against them the testi- mony of a book which he has never read, or which, if he has read it,he has corrupted. DR. WENDTE'S DILEMMA. A* this letter is already too lone I will refer but briefly to a point of which evidently Dr. Wendte is much enamored, for he uses it over and over again. The point is that accord- ing to Catholics the church can say What are the limitations of the sphere of the state, therefore the state is subject to the church. Putting aside for a moment the question of what Catholics do say, let me ask Dr. Wendte how does he solve the problem? He acknowl- edges that church and state are distinct. He acknowledges, too, that in points they touch. Nay, he exaggerates the contact. He says: . In their practical working church and state con- stantly interfere with each other, and it Is often very difficult to say what is tne sphere of each. Now this interference may arise in the case of Dr. Wendte just as easily as it may arise in the case of Catholics. What solution has Dr. Wendte to offer? As far as i can interpret his letter, he seems to adumbrate an opin- ion that the state should always fix the limits. But let me call his atten- tion to the fact that tho word state after all only means "a condition" and that the conditions of men as organized for the tmrposes of government are many and various. Turkey is a state just as much as Great Britain, yet I am sure Dr. Wendte is protesting with all his mightagainst the Armenian atrocities. Does he not see how treasonable it is to inter- fere thus with the state since that State can so fix the limits of its authority as to cover the extermination of obnoxious Christians. i Let Dr. Wendte answer this problem: In a conflict between a Unitarian congregation and a State, who shall lay down the limits beyond which the State cannot pass? When Dr. Wendte answers this question I will tell him ; what Catholics would do in a conflict between church and state. Yours truly, P. C. YOEKE. H. W. BOWMAN'S LETTER. The A. P. A. Champion Compares the Progress of Protestant and Catholic Countries. H. W. Bowman, editor of the American Patriot, submits the following letter: Office of thk American Patk;ot,( 819 Market street, j To the Editor of San FrmcisCO Call— Deaf, 'ik: In further substantiation of our charge that Romanism is a barrier to civilization ami i fee to human progress we submit the follow- ing proofs: \ .. arned French writer, M.Kmile de Lave- leye, in a masterly took on "I'rotcstcntisrn i mii Catholicism in their Bearing Upon the Liberty and Prosperity of Nat'ons," shows thai the wider the range of facts and the more | r i g: : •! the induction the more inevitable is the I tonclusion that Romatri-in is an tncubaa on ' .'iviiizanon. The phenomenon which this di.«- , tinmisbed writersets himself to solve is thus! stated: "The fact that Catholic races advance ! much less rapidly t-lian those which are no i longer Cathoiic and that, relatively to these latter, they even seem to go back appears to be j proved both by history «>nd, more particularly, by contemporary events." The investigation is commenced by an in- i quiry as to whether the fact can be accounted j lor on the basis oi pbysical constitution or by i Quence oi external nature— the clituate, I the geographical position, the products of the j soil, the aspects of the country, the food. And it is shown conclusively that none of these causes — nor any similar cause — can possibly be a^i^r.eu as adequate to the production of the actual efl'ect. "When Protestants of the Latin race are seen to rise superior to Germanic but Ct populations; when iH one and the same coun- try, and one and the tame group, identical in language and identical in origin, it can be uf- tiriaed that Protestants advance more rapidly and steadily than Catholics, it is difficult not to attrioute'the superiority ot the one over the other to the religion they profess." In contrasting Ireland with Scotland he Bays: "It is admitted that the Scotch and Irish arc of the same origin. Both have been subject to the Englisn yoke. Until the sixteenth century Ireland was much more civilized than Scot- land. During the iir?t part of the middle ages, the Emerald Isle was a focus of civiliza- tion, while Scotland was still a den of bar- barians." "Since the Scotch have embraced the re- formed religion they have outrun eveu the English. The climate and the nature of the si>u prevent Scotland from being as rich a- England; but Macaulay proves that fince the seventeenth century the Scotch have in every way surpassed t lie Engii.'U. Ireland, on the other hand, devoted to Ulirarnonramsin, is pour, miserable, agitated by the spirit m re- bellion, an.i seems incapable of raising herself by her own strength. '\u25a0What a con;ra.«t, even in Ireland, between the exclusively Catholic Connnught and Ulster, where Protestantism prevails! •i -!tr is enriched by industry, Connaught presents a picture of desolation. Passing over the contrast presented by a comparison oi the United States and the States oi bouth America, or of the nations of t!ie North with those of the South of Europe; lest any one should suppose that the "differences wnich are to be observed might be explained by the influence of climate or of race, M. de Laveleye proceed* to say: "But let us go to Switzerland and compare the cantons oi >'euchatel, Vaud and Geneva <more particularly before me recent immigra- ! tion of the savoy Catholics) with that of j Lucerne, Haut-Valais end the forest cantons, j The former are extraordinarily in advance Of the latter, in respect of edu^aUou, r.terat.ure, the tine arts, industry, commerce, riches, cleanliness, in a word, civilization in all its aspects and in all its senses." Such irrefutable facts are convincing. They | are not toe bigoied utterances of prejudiced minds, but sober facts of history. In his con- clusion M. de Laveleye asserts:"*'To the eye of every man who desires to consult tacts without a foregone conclusion, it is thus manifest that Protestantism is more favorable than Catholi- I ci<ni to the development of nations." Rome had a chance to civilize Mexico and j South America, if she were able to do so. But did she? Facts prove thai the people there are I but little remove from savages. Bomanism j means t;:e loss ci our civilization. Hence uv say to the priests ot Rome, >o,gentiemei., we j willnot allow ihe United .-tales to be Roman- j ized. The civilization introduced by Spanish ' Romanists upon American soil has" been on I trial for centuries. Alongside of it, but j somewhat later, is the civilization intro- duced by the Pilgrim Fathers. One has pined j amid the wealth of tropical vegetation and ir.rtiie soil, the other has nourished amid t:ie wintry winds ami barren hills of New Ens- land. One has given to the world mighty statesmen, noble patriots, learned scholars and world-famed inventors. The other is famed for its ignorance, rude barbarism and cede- | siastical serfdom. One with its vast mines of silver and gold, with its splendid rivers and magnificent harbors, has dragged its way on amid peonage and poverty. The other, with its rocky hills, sandy shores and rigorous | climate, has grown strong and rich and pros- perous. InMexico, Central and South America I kome has given the world an exhibition of her ' incompeteiicy to civilize. Rome's rule has btjtii marked by ignorance, tyranny, barbarism and ceaseless revolutions, while the other has given the world a government founded upon the rights of humanity, with civil and re- ligious liberty and laws based upon the consent oi the governed. It is marked ior its cham- pionship of the rignts of humanity, for its ad- vanced civilization and its prosperity. Spain gave to the countries she colonized the inquisition and the Sunday bull-right, and the Pilgrim Fathers gave the other the common school ana the open Bible. Note the vivid con- trast! The Popish countries are shunned by immigrants as ifinfected by the plague, while the other has sounding on its shore every year the tramp of millions of feet of those who have flea from lunds cursed and blighted by Popery to seek light and liberty 'neath the shadow of our free institutions based upon the word of God and the freedom of conscience. Our sister republic has lately been making a rapid ad- vance in freeing herself from the incubus of Popery. The abolition of the ecclesiastical system of education and the adoption of the state system was a fata.) blow to Popery. Then her action in regard to the useless convents, where wealth was hoarded, was a master stroke. The following facts, gleaned from a book entitled "Aztec Land," by M.M.Ballou, will prove that Romanism is a bar to civiliza- tion. He says: \u25a0•General Porririo Diaz, President of the re- public, is a man whose life commands the re- spect of the entire people. His principal pur- pose is plainly to modernize Mexico. The twelve years from 1870, when he became President, until 1889, when his third term commence, has proved to be the progressive age of tne republic. The only opposition to his government is that of the churcii party led by the Archbishop of Mexico and supported by that great army of non-producers, tne useless priests, who fatten upon the poor and super- stitious populace. At present this party has no political power or influence, but is working at all times in secret, silently awaiting an opportunity :o sacrifice anything or everything to the s<sl« interesis of the Roman Catholic church." "The political struggle in Mexico," says United States Commissioner William F.leroy Curtis, "since the independence of the repub- lic has been and will continue to be between antiquated, bigoted and despotic Romanise, allied with the ancient aristocracy, under whose encouragement Maximilian came, on the one hand, and the spirit of intellectual, industrial, commercial and social progress on tne other." "With the overthrow of Montezuma's em- pire in 1520," says that distinguished native Mexican writer, Riveray Rio, "began the rule of the Spaniard, which lasted just 3uO years. During this time Rome and Spain, priest and king, held this land and peo- ple as a joint possession. The greedy hand was ever reached out to seize alike the product of the mine and soil. The people were enslaved for the aggrandizement aim power of a foreign church and state. It was then that the Church of Rome fostered such a vast army of priests ana nuns, acquired those vust landed estates and erected sucu an incredible number of stone churches, great convents, inquisi- torial buildings,Jesuit colleges, and gathered such vast stores of gold and silver. All this time tl-.e poor people were being reduced to the utmost poverty, and every right of personal and civil advancement was taken from them. They were left to grope on in Intellectual darkness. They could have no commerce with foreign nations. If they made any advance in na- tional wealth it was drained away for royal and ecclesiastical tribute. Superstition reigned under the false teachings ot a corrupt priesthood, while the frightful Inquisition, by its cruel machinery, coerced the people to an aojectness that has scarcely had a parallel iv human history. Under such a dispensation of evil rule Mexico became of less and less im- portance among the family of nations." This last is a testimony from a native resi- dent of Mexico, and discounts all Priests Yorke and Ferguson have said on the question. While Mexico offers to give immigrants $50 per head the United States would be willing to give that much to keep some out. In all the South American States where Popery rules civ- izatloa is at a standstill and the old heathen practices largely prevail. Rome as a civilizer is a failure. The other day a gentleman who has traveled a great deal in "speaking of Romanism made this remark to me: "I have spent a great deal of time among the Indians who live around Lake Superior. The Romanists have had charge of them lor nearly two hun- dred years. What is the "result: the women are all prostitutes and »he men are all thieves. Popery has taken the manhood all out of them. You can tell a . Catholic Indian from a Protestant as soon as you see him across the street. The Catholic has a mean, skulKing, thievish look; the Prot- estant has a manly air about him. 1 should think that the Roman priests would come to the conclusion that their religion was a failure with such results after so many years of teach- ing." And yet Uncle Sam pays out his money to have the ihdians instructed by just such teach- ers. Here is a problem for a mathematician: i If nearly two hundred years of Romish teach- ing has made the Indians thus instructed lower in morals than before, so that the men are all thieves and the women all prostitutes, how long will it take them to make decent civilized Indians out of those they are now teaching? ; 1nere is another country to which we will turn and gaze upon the civilizing effects oi Lorne — a country famed for its championship lof Popery. Poor downtrodden, priest-ridden Ireland. Once the seat of learning, ills now the land of ignorance. Its brilliant mind is dimmed, and its ancient glory alone remains to testify of what Ireland might have been if not blignted by Popery. Free an Irishman from the incubus of Rome and he at once makes his merk in the world. Ifit had not been tor the curse of Popery the name Irish would have been a title of glory in- stead of a term of reproach, ' f all sad words of tongue or pen, The saddest are these: "itmight have been." History proves that Romanization means social deterioration anil national degenera- tion. Itreveals the fact that Romanism is a political poison, the evil effects of which maybe seen in the nations it has destroyed. Roman- ism is a bar to civilization, because to Roman- ize is to fossilize. The spirit of progress is con- demned by Rome. Like an Egyptian mummy, she is wrapped up in the garments of a past age. The only progress of which she can boast is the progress of sin. The eternal principles of truth are adapted to all ages and the highest degree of civilization; but tne errors of Rome are so narrow and contracted that they allow of no introduction of gcod things. Rome is hardened in her wickedness. She aims to mentally macadamize her dupes to keep them from developing and expanding under the benign influences of civilization and Christianity. Civilization in its scope has no room for a Pope, nor this land of the free no use for the papal hierarchy. Under the plea of infallibility Rome justifies all of her past his- tory. She boasts of her unchangeable attitude In regard to modern progress. If you would know that the papal church has stood athwart the line of progress and modem civilization, listen toGattlni, a member of the Italian Parliament, as he Mki: "What share has the Papacy taken in this work? Is it the press ? Is it electricity? Is it steam? Is it chemical analyst ? Is it self- government? Is it the principles of national- ity 7 Is it the proclamation of the rights of man, of the liberty of conscience? Of ail this the Papacy is the negation. Its culminating points are Gregory I, who, like Omar, burnt libraries ; Gregory VII, who destroyed a moiety of Rome and cremated the temporal sov- ereignty; Mureant 111, who founded the In- quisition; Boniface IX, who destroyed the last remains of municipal liberty in Rome; Pius VII, who committed the same wrong in Bologna; Alexander VI,who established the ceusorship of books; Paul 111, who published the bull for the establishment of the Jesuits; Pius V, who covered Europe with burning funeral pyres; Urban VIII, who tortured Gal- lileo,and Pius IX, who has given us the mod- ern syllabus." When Count Cavour, the Prime Minister to Victor Emmanuel, came into power, he under- stood the force of genera', intelligence and de- clared that he would overthrow the Papal do- I minion not by lire and fagot, thumbscrew and superstition— her favorite weapons— but by the introduction of modern civilization. "I will take Rome," said he, "by railways, by electric I telegraphs, by agricultural, implements, by establishing national banks, by gratuitous education on a large scale, by civil marriages, by the secularization of conventual property, by the enactment of a model code, embodying the most lenient laws of Europe, and by the ' suppression of corporal punishment. I will place the spirit of modern expansion face to face with the old spirit of obscuration. lam quite certain the former will triumph. I will establish a blockade of new civiization around Rome. If she undergoes a modification she will come to us ; ifshe remains unchanged she will, by constant comparison, become so dis- gusted with her state of inferiority that she will throw herself into our arms to escape de- ; struction. " That day dawned in 1870 with the en- trance of Victor Emanucl into Rome, accom- ; panied by ! c little dogcart laden with the Protestant Bible and followed by the Protest- ant missionaries. Rome has condemned the spirit of modern progrei-s ami set her seal of commenda- tion upon the fossilized corpse of pre-Reiorma- tion Romanism. H. W. Bowman. THE LAST OF W. C. RIPPEY. Former Friends View the Re- mains of the Man Who Shot Mackay. The Wounded Millionaire Changed His Plans After His Assassin Was Convicted. The funeral of Wesley C. Rippey, who shot and seriously wounded John W. Mackay, the millionaire mining man, a few years ago, will take place to-day from the parlors of an undertakinge«tablishmenton Eddy street. The body will be interred in Cypress Lawn Cemetery, this arrangement having been made by his wife, from whom he has been separated for the past fourteen years. From the time Rippey lired the murder- ous shot at the rich man, which was fol- lowed by his placing a pistol bullet in his own body, the assassin seemed to have been shunned oy his former friends as they would avoid a son of Cain. After recovering from the self-inflicted wound and after serving his sentence for simple assault, Rippey has lived practically by himself, few people caring to visit him. He had a room at 428 Natoma street, and how he managed to exist was not known to any except a few relatives and Dr. Newali, who for a long time cared for the old man in a professional way. Aside from the physician and one or two rela- tives few visited him. After he had passed away Rippey's for- mer friends remembered him asain and ail day yesterday the undertaker's parlors were filled with old gray-bearded men who knew and liked the aged pioneer before his mind became warped and lie acquired a mania for shooting millionaires. To judge from their remarks he was a big- hearted companion in his younger days. At the time of his death Rippey was 75 years old. During the last three 'years, in fact since he attempted to kill Mackay, he has been rapidly tailing in health. The bullet-wouna nearly caused his death at the time and since his partial recovery he has been on the decline. There is an incident connected with the shootine that is only known to a few of Mr. Mackay's friend's. At the time of this serious affair Mr.Mackay was preparing to engage in several large undertakings in this City and on the coast. He had the Postal Telegraph scheme well in hand and his / .:oniitiential agents were looking into several other business ventures. Among these were plans for fine stock, farming, the development of several prom- ising mines, and there wtre statements made That he would head a scheme to make a railroad connection with the Santa Fe line. At any rate he proposed to make San Francisco his home, and as he ex- pressed it, "spend his money in the place where he had made it." After he recovered from Rippey's bullet wound Mr. Mackay evidently expected that the full penalty of the law would be dealt out to the assassin. In this he was disappointed, for the charge was reduced from an assault to commit murder to a simple assault. This disgusted the mil- lionaire and Rippey was scarcely lodged in the County Jail before Mackay began to change all "of his plans. Arrangements fur racehorses, railroads, mines and farms were wiped off the programme with a rapidity that was as- tonishing. He declared that San Fran- i is-co was not a safe place for rich men. When a jury of representative men, so he said, would condone murder by letting murderers go free or as nearly free as pos- sible it was high time for rich men to hie themselves to safer climes. This he pro- posed to do, and as toon as he could straighten up his affairs he left for New York with the determination of making his home in the East. And old man Rippey served his time in jail and then drilted out into the world again. From what can be learned he be- came more rational after his troubles, and realizing that he was socially under a ciou'l he lived quietly and in poverty un- til death came to hi-* relief. THE LATE WESLEY C. RIPPEY, WHO SHOT MILLIONAIRE JOHN W. MACKAY. [Reproduced from a photograph.] SADLER'S ODD MISTAKE Believing Governor Jones Dead, the Flag Was Put at Half-Mast. Nevada's Lieutenant-Governor Acted Without Receiving an Offi- cial Report. A very strange tale of official precipi- tancy comes down from Nevada, but it comes from such a source and appears to be so well vouched for that it certainly is worthy of publication. The story is that Lieutenant-Governor Sadler, who, in the event of the death of Governor Jone?, would succeed to the gubernatorial chair, ha«l taken time by the forelock and proceeded to take posses- sion of the Governor's office and the full- ness thereof. Believing that Governor Jones, who, for the past week or more has been in a very critical condition at the Palace Hotel, was really dead, Sadler or- dered the Hag half-masted on the Capitol at Carson City and at once declared him- self the Governor. He even went further than this and ap- pointed his private secretary. Then he telegraphed to Governor Jones' secretary, William T. Hanford, for the keys to the rooms of the executive head of the State. The rumor that the real Governor had passed away caused him to move in the matter of taking immediate charge of the State, and he thought it would be a good plan to get hold of the keys. When he learned thut Governor Jones was getting better every day and that the rumor of his death was groundless, he pulled down the nag and laid off to await further developments. Strangely enough, at the hour when Nevada's executive head was said to be dying he was really beginning to show marked signs of recovery. ALL FOR HOME PRODUCTS Review of the First Year of the Manufacturers' Asso- ciation. MANAGERS DID VEEY WELL. Comprehensive Plans for This Year's Fight in Favor of California Industries. A special meeting of the executive com- mittee of the Manufacturers and Pro- ducers' Association was held yesterday to hear the report of the special committee appointed to investigate the management of the association's affair?. The investi- gation was started by the attempt of Director Sproule to oust Secretary Mead, Assistant Secretary F. H. Dinele and Promoter Tacey and have a ecneral man- ager appointed to take charge of affairs, subject to the direction of the board of directors. The committee consisted of M. J. Keller. W. F. Bowers and M. M. Me- Glynn. These gentlemen looked Into every de- tail connected with the management of the association and reported in substance as follows: After a thorough investigation of the work done by this association, largely set forth in the annual report of the secretary, which is presented herewith, your committee has ar- rived at the conclusion that the pest manage- ment ol the affair." of the association ln.- very efficient. Fully realizing the difficulties under which the management labored at the commencement of the work, owing to the fact that the work was a new one and that every- thing that was done was to some extent in tile nature of an experiment, we think we have good reason to be proud of the good that has be«n accomplished, as we feel sure tiiat no public organization ever formed in the State of California can show a record such as ours for the first nine months of its existence. We also desire to call special attention to the fact that the association winds up the first nine months of its existence witha balance onhand , after meeting all liabilities, which we consider a very rood evidence of the efficiency of the management. We therefore recommend that the present management and office staff be not chanced, as we are satisfied from all we have been able lo discover that the competency of the same is beyond question. Considerable good has been accomplished by the publishing and circulation ol printed matter upon the subject of •'Patronizing Home Industries." The most of this printed matter was in the shape of editorials from City and State papers and journals, and contained some very good advice to the consumer, as well as the manufacturer and producer. A great deal of valuabl*- work was done through the efforts of the officers of the asso- ciation in th« way of letters written to public and private institutions, requesting them to give the preference to California manufactures and products where they found prices and quality equal. Another branch of the work done by the as- sociation we consider worthy of special men- tion, and that is the holding of public meet- ings in different sections of the State. This work was started by the holding of meetings in Stockton, Oakland. San Jose and feanta Cruz, and it was the intention to continue holding these meetings at the principal points through- out the State, but it was found necessary to delay the same on account of lack of sufficient funds for the purpose, and it is hoped that at n. very early date the holding of these meetings can be resumed. To carry on the work of the association in the same vigorous manner that it has been carried on heretofore, it is necessary that the s^ociation should have nn income "of $500 to .*oOO per month, which amount would permit of restoring and keeping up the office staff r.nd of carrying on the routine work of the oflice. But in order to carry out the pians partly ma- tured, more specifically referred to hereafter, in the way of advertising the products of the State of California, and of fostering and pro- tecting the manufacturing industries of the State, a revenue of from $800 to $1000 per montn will he necessary. The association has now a membership of about 1100. Some of these 1100 willprobably drop out on the second year, from '.act of in- terest or other reasons, but we think we can safely count on having from SOO to 1000 pay- ing members to depend upon, and with the renewed energy that chould be put into the association work, this number will be very materially increased. The success of :he Oakland Exposition was largely contriDuted to by tins association, and it has been suggested and recommended by the secretary that this association should take immediate steps to arrange for holding in the City of San Francisco a similar exposition. This exposition we think should be held at as early a date as possible, a.nd immediately thereafter this association snould take steps to orga: ize and hold similar expositions in every coun;y in the State of California. The question of the sale of prison-made goods, in competition with goods made by free white labor, has been under consideration by this association for a short time past, and through the efforts of this association the Gov- ernor has just appointed a commission to visit Eastern prisons and thoroughly investigate the subject. Inasmuch as an inspection of the by-laws shows that there is no provision made limiting the amount of assessment to which the stock is liable, your committee would recommend that a resolution be passed by the board fixing a rate of assessment not to exceed $1 per per month. The recommendations for new work con- tained in the secretary's annual report hereto- fore mentioned are mainly practicable, and we think would prove beneficial to the work of the association. We desire to call particular attention to the following recommendations: The introduction of textbooks in the public schools of the State of California, such books to be got up with an idea to teaching the young Californian what are the developed and undeveloped resources, the manufactures and products of his own State, and other informa- tion of value relating to the above-mentioned subjects. The organization of "home product" clubs. Compiling statistics of goods imported into the State. Keeping close watch of all opportunities for th« introduction of home products by Boards of Supervisors, commissions and in allpublic institutions ani private enterprises Holding special meetings of the different in- dustries to determine what can be done by this association in the way of benefiting such in- dustries. The adoption of a trademark or device to designate ihe products of the State of Califor- nia. This trademark or device should of course, be patented or copyrigtiteJ, and full measures taken to protect the same. The holding 01 a homo industry fair in San Francisco. The compilation of a directory of home prod- ucts. * The persistent carrying on of the present agi- tation against the importation of Japanese cheap-labor manufactures and State prison made goods. Your committee further recommends that the present management of this association and the work accomplished by it receive the full indorsement of this board of directors, and that the lecommendations contained in 'he secretary's report, as well as those in this re- port, be given lull and careful consideration At the conclusion of the rer.ort Mr bproule stated that in the remarks that lie had made from which the investigation was started he had no intention to cast any reflection upon the management, and he regretted that his words had been miscon- strued. He spoke only for the general im- provement and advance of the association and not because he wanted to rind a posi- tion for Professor Emory F. Smith. He moved that the committee's report be aiioptcd. It was not the intention to present the annual report at present, but iii order that the investigating committee might have a full insight into the work dorm by the as- sociation the secretary sent in his" annual report, of which the following are the principal features: To-day the association has & membership of KilO. comprising 1180 paying members and 130 publishers, whoso dues have been re- mitted. Of the 1180 paying member*. 808 have paid the full year's dues of $6: 158 have paid $4 50; 137. $-3, and 77,1*150. There have oeen dropped from the roli about 152 mem- bers who have refused to pay anything. The membership of 1310 (January 1, 1896) represents 272 branches of industry in eighty- nine cities and towns of the State, and accord- ing to A. G. Dun's Commercial Agency, has a capital rating of about $82,900,000.' It hes been estimated that the members of this asso- ciation employ about 52,500 peesons, and on the basis of "live dependents to one employe would make 262,500 persons interested di- rectly in the achievement of the object of this association. Tiie magnificent success of the Oakland Li- position held December 16 to 23 can be looked moon as in a large measure due to the educa- tional work carried on by tms association. The enthusiasm of the people for home prod- ucts and their interest in home industry clearly Drove.! that the seeds sown by the Manufactur- ers' and Producers-Association during the past nine months have taken root and are begin- nme to bring forth good fruit. This assoclat on was presented at the Oakland Exposition for about three weeks by a delegate sent by the Unorder \o 'keep the work of the association moving until some permanent arrangement can be made to provide a sufficient income, several members of the association have agreed to pay a monthly sum from £2 to .>jO per month, which subscription now being paid. it amounts at the present time to $225 a month, but it is expected that this will be in- creased if necessary. should bo lorgaol.ed in Home-product clubs should be Torganizod in ail V," - c.?le» of the State, the M.nutacturers and Producers' Association supplying them with constitutions and by-law and with iiU necessaiy printed matter to hold weekly or monthly meetings and discuss the various re- sources and products of the State. Have the members of these clubs >i?n pledges to use home products and supply them with com- plete directories, giving the name or trade- mark of every article manufactured or pro- duced by the members 01 the association. These clubs would in other weyr- be ofimmense assistance in carrying on the work of the asso- ciation, as through them we could get infor- mation as to the product? and undeveloped re- sources of their respective localities. Means should be provided so that statistics could be collected showing all articles imported into the State, and by that means no doubt manu- facturers could be induced to establish plants for the manufacture of such articles as could be profitably but arc not made here. The association should have men of intelli- gence who could be present at all meetings ot Supervi>ors, commissioners, etc.. to keep close watch upon the awarding of contracts, the purchase of supplies, etc. , We should also be able to at all times know what improvements are contemplated by public officers or private individuals, bo as to be able to use the influence of the association in be- half of home products before specifications are drawn and contracts awarded. The question of the use of a trademark to be used on California-made goods could we.l te opened up again and thoroughly inquired into, as an apparently strong feeling exists that one could be made use of. After the reports were read and the sug- gestions approved Julian Sonnta? brought up t lie question of holding t!ie next con- vention. He said that when the associa- tion incorporated in .September the officers were elected to hold office for one year. There were many members, however, who believed that the election was to he had :it the annual convention one year from the organization of the manufacturers into a body iast April. He thought it only fair that a new board should be elected early this year ifthe mem hers desired. Chairman Scott shared his views stating that the present directors could tender their resignations to be accepted or re- jected as the members deemed best. The subject was submitted to a special committee consisting of Keller, Sproule and Sonntag, who are to look into the by- laws governing the association and report at the next meeting. He Took It Out la Trade. The Rev. T. p. Clarke, former pa««to- of one of the Methodist Episcopal entireties in Syracuse, and now pastor of an inde- pendent church in Brooklyn, was noted for his success witb the poorer churches in the country districts. He always suc- ceeded in getting the fall amount of hi 3 salary, being content to take the same in cash or products, as his congregation inieht elect. He was located one year at Bridgeport, Madison County, on one of the poorest charges of the district. At the close of his first sermon to the Bridgeport church, he said: "Now, brethren ami sisters, I know you have not much money to pay your pastor, but I think we will get along all right. You who cannot pay in casii pay in potatoes or cheese or batter or hay. Pay in anything you raise on your farm except two things — dried applcsand brooms. The last charge I had stocked me up with enough of them to last ten year?. Remember Idraw the line at dried apples and brooms.' I—Syracuse1 — Syracuse Post. 8 THE SAN FKANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JANUARY 17, 1896. NEW 10-DAT. J^|L Guessing mm May Cost Wfl You $20. Before you decide, oyh>s m >. i Better call and in- s .- &<s&*' spect, compare ,' *' rS^jr^jf and test the beau- 4££p"&Jk tiful — TffSV Tstt£sA Men's, $85 r'T"" %'££ Ladies', 575 B !\^sSS Catalogue free. Agents wanted. INDIANA BICYCLE CO. J. S. CONWELL, Manager, 18 and 20 ncAllister St., S. F. Dangtf Signals " More than half the victims of consump- tion do not know they have it. Here is a list of symptoms by which consumption can certainly be detected:— Cough, one or two slight efforts on I rising, occurring during the day and fre- quently during the night. Short breathing after exertion. Tightness of the chest. Quick pulse, especially noticeable in the evening and after a full meal. Chilliness in the evening, followed by Slight fever. Perspiration toward morning and 'Paleface and languid in the morning. Loss of vitality. Ifyou have these symptoms, or any of them, do not delay. There are many preparations which claim to be cures, but Dr. Hckcr's etifliui) RcaKiyfcr Consumption has the highest endorsements, and ha.*- stood the test of years. !t will arrest con- sumption in its \u25a0earlier stages, and drive away the symptoms named. It is manu- factured by the Acker Medicine Co., 16 and IS Chambers St., New York, and sold by all reputable druggists. "Fggs house, Via«us» ixixa. stou., ID. C The Hotel " Far Kxcellouce" Of the Katiosai Capital. .First class in all appotai- menu. y, DkWITT. i"re*». American plan, $3 per day aad upward. HEALTH RESORTS. ST. HELENA SANITARIUM (Formerly Rural Health Retreat) Is under strictly regular management: a quiet, homelike place, where trained nurses, rest cure! massage, electrical treatments, Swedish move^ ments. dieting, baths, physical training, and all that is included in modern rational medical treat- ment, with good hotel conveniences, pure water even temperature and restful scenery may be obtained. ' Terms: Room, with board and regular treat- ment, $12 to $20 per week. " Sena for circular:. St. Helena Sanitarium, St. Helena, Xapa County. Cal. Trains leave San Francisco, foot of Mask* it at 7a. m. and 4 m., via Vallejo Junction reach- ingSt. Helena at 10:-15 a. m. and 7:08 p. v.
