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1/1821CEM+NEM- _ Project Manual

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2/1822 CEM+NEM- _ Project Manual

2 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

(+)GE-402 (EXTERIOR RENDERINGS) ADDED


(+)GE-404 (EXTERIOR RENDERINGS- EAST) ADDED

(+)GE-405 (EXTERIOR RENDERINGS- WEST) ADDED

(+)GE-406 (EXTERIOR RENDERINGS- SOUTH) ADDED


(+)AR-001 (VILA SOLAR SITE PLAN) changeofthelotform (1st to 10th)

(+)AR-011 (SITE PLAN) changeofthehouseorientation;

Changethepublic tour visit;

Changethe exterior arrangements;

(+)AR-012 (SITE PLAN- FLOOR LEVEL) ADDED

(+)AR-022 (FLOOR PLAN- BEDROOM) ADDED

(+)AR-032 (ROOFPLAN- COVER) ADDED

(+)AR-102 (SITE ELEVATION EAST AND WEST ADDED


(+)AR-112 (EAST BUILDING ELEVATIONS) ADDED


(+)AR-113 (NORTH BUILDING ELEVATIONS) ADDED

(+)AR-114 (SOUTH BUILDING ELEVATIONS) ADDED


(+)AR-202 (LONGITUDINAL SECTION B) ADDED

(+)AR-212 (TRANSVERSAL BUILDING ELEVATION B) ADDED

(+)AR-213 (TRANSVERSAL BUILDING ELEVATION C) ADDED

(+)AR-212 (TRANSVERSAL BUILDING ELEVATION D) ADDED

(+)AR-302 (WINDOW SCHEDULE AND DETAILS -SECTION) ADDED

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(+)AR-303 (WINDOW SCHEDULE AND DETAILS -SECTION) ADDED

(+)AR-312 (DOOR SCHEDULE AND DETAILS -SECTION) ADDED

(+)AR-322 (FLOOR CONSTRUCTION DETAILS) ADDED

(+)AR-332 (ROOF CONSTRUCTION DETAILS) ADDED

(+)AR-361 (LANDSCAPE DETAILS) ADDED




(+)IN-202 (ELEVATIONS) ADDED

(+)IN-203 (ELEVATIONS) ADDED

(+)IN-302 (FURNISHING HOUSE PLAN B) ADDED

(+)IN-303 (FURNISHING HOUSE PLAN C) ADDED

(+)IN-304 (FURNISHING HOUSE - ROOM) ADDED

(+)IN-304 (b) (FURNISHING HOUSE - ROOM) ADDED

(+)IN-305 (FURNISHING HOUSE - KITCHEN) ADDED

(+)IN-305 (b) (FURNISHING HOUSE - KITCHEN) ADDED

(+)IN-306 (FURNISHING HOUSE ROOM / LIVING-ROOM) ADDED

(+)IN-306 (b) (FURNISHING HOUSE ROOM /LIVING-ROOM) ADDED

(+)IN-306 (c) (FURNISHING HOUSE ROOM /LIVING-ROOM) ADDED

(+)IN-307 (FURNISHING HOUSE ROOM /LIVING-ROOM) ADDED

(+)ST-022 (STRUCTURE ROOF PLAN WOOD STRUCTURE) ADDED



(+)ST-102 (STRUCTURE LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS) ADDED


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(+)ST-103 (STRUCTURE LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS) ADDED

(+)ST-112 (STRUCTURE TRANSVERSAL SECTIONS) ADDED

(+)ME-211 (b) (HEALING) ADDED

(+)EL-602 (AC CIRCUIT LAYOUT) ADDED

(+)EL-603 (AC CIRCUIT LAYOUT SPECIAL SOCKETS) ADDED

(+)BA-001 (BIOBLIMATIC OPORTO) CHANGED

(+)BA-002 (BIOBLIMATIC MADRID) - ADDED

Note: All the other drawing, already delivered in the assignments, were alsochanged or updated.


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3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

4_ Rules and Building Code Compliance Checklist

5_ Contest Support Documents

1 Architecture Design Narrative

2 Engineering and Construction Design Narrative

3 Energy Efciency Design Narrative

4 Communications Plan

5 Industrialization and Market Viability

6 Innovation Report

7 Sustainability Report

6_ Dinner Party Menu

7_ Contest Week Tasks Planning

8_ Cost Estimate and Project Financial Summary

Business and Fundraising plan

9_ Site Operations Report

10_Health & Safety Plan

11_Detailed Water Budget

12_ Eletric and Phtovoltaic Chart

13_Construction Specications

14_Structural Calculations

2_ Summary of Changes

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4 RULES AND BUILDING CODE APPLIANCE CHECKLIST

Rule Description Content Requirement(s)Drawing(s)/Report(s)

3.2Team Officers andContact Information

Team officer's contact information completely fulfilled in

Table 1 (SDEWAT)

4.3 Lot ConditionsDrawing(s) showing the storage and unloading areas andcorresponding loads calculations

4.3 Lot Conditions even if there is a level difference, and drawing(s) showingshimming methods and materials to be used in case.

4.4 FootingsDrawing(s) showing the locations and depths of all groundpenetrations on the competition site

4.4 FootingsDrawing(s) showing the location, contact area and soil-bearing pressure of every component resting directly on theground

4.5 Construction EquipmentDrawing(s) showing the assembly and disassemblysequences and the movement of heavy machinery on thecompetition site and specifications for heavy machinery

4.7 Generators Generators specifications

4.8 Spill and Waste ProductsDrawing(s) showing the locations of all equipment, tanks andpipes containing fluids during the event and correspondingspecifications

5.1Solar EnvelopeDimensions

Drawing(s) showing the location of all house and sitecomponents relative to the solar envelope

6.1 Structural Design ApprovalStructural drawings and calculations signed and stamped bya qualified licensed professional

6.1Electrical and PhotovoltaicDesign Approval

Electrical and Photovoltaic drawings and calculations signedand stamped by a qualified licensed professional

6.1 Codes Design ComplianceList of the country of origin codes complied, properly signedby the faculty advisor.

6.2Maximum Architectural

Footprint

Drawing(s) showing all information needed by the Rules

Officials to digitally measure the architectural footprint

6.2Maximum ArchitecturalFootprint

Drawing(s) showing all the reconfigurable features that mayincrease the footprint if operated during contest week

6.3Minimum & MaximumMeasurable Area

Drawing(s) showing the Minimum & Maximum MeasurableArea.

6.4 Entrance and Exit RoutesDrawing(s) showing the accessible public tour route,specifying the entrance and exit from the house to the mainstreet of the Villa Solar

7.3 PV Technology LimitationsSpecifications and contractor price quote for photovoltaiccomponents

7.4 BatteriesDrawing(s) showing the location(s) and quantity of stand-alone, PV-powered devices and corresponding specifications

7.4 BatteriesDrawing(s) showing the location(s) and quantity of hard-wired battery banks components and corresponding

specifications 7.6 Thermal Energy Storage

Drawing(s) showing the location of thermal energy storagecomponents and corresponding specifications

7.7 Desiccant SystemsDrawing(s) describing the operation of the desiccant systemand corresponding specifications

7.8 Humidification systemsSpecifications for humidification systems and correspondingcertifications of the different elements.

8.1 Containers locations Drawing(s) showing the location of all the water tanks

8.2 Water DeliveryDrawing(s) showing the fill location(s), quantity of waterrequested at each fill location, tank dimensions, diameter ofopening(s) and clearance above the tank(s).

8.3 Water RemovalDrawing(s) showing the quantity of water to be removedfrom each fill location, tank dimensions, diameter ofopening(s) and clearance above the tank(s).

8.5 Grey water reuse Specifications for grey water reuse systems.

8.6 Rainwater Collection Drawing(s) showing the layout and operation of rainwatercollection systems

8.8 Thermal MassDrawing(s) showing the locations of water-based thermalmass systems and corresponding specifications

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4 RULES AND BUILDING CODE APPLIANCE CHECKLIST

8.9Grey Water HeatRecovery

Specifications for grey water heat recovery systems.

9.1 PlacementDrawing(s) showing the location of all vegetation and, ifapplicable, the movement of vegetation designed as part ofan integrated mobile system

9.2 Watering Restrictions

Drawings showing the layout and operation of greywater

irrigation systems

10.2SDE Sensors Locationand wire routing

Drawing(s) showing the location of bi-directional meters,metering box, sensors, cables and feed-through to pass theinstrumentation wires from the interior to the exterior of thehouse.

11.2Use of the SolarDecathlon Europe Logo

Drawing(s) showing the dimensions, materials, artwork, andcontent of all communications materials, including signage

11.3Teams sponsors &Supporting Institutions

Drawing(s) showing the dimensions, materials, artwork, andcontent of all communications materials, including signage

11.4 Team UniformsDrawing(s) showing the artwork, content and design of theteam uniform

12.4 Public TourDrawing(s) showing the public tour route, indicating thedimensions of any difficult point, complying with theaccessibility requirements.

20.0 Contest 6: Drying Method Drawing(s) showing the drying Method. (ie the place wherethe clothes wire will be located)

20.0Contest 6: HouseFunctioning

Drawing(s) showing the location of all the appliances andcorresponding technical specifications.

36.5Photovoltaic systemsdesign

Specifications of PV generators, inverters, wiring, cables,protections, earthing systems, interface with the electricitydistribution network.

36.5 Photovoltaic systems

designInverters certificates


designMaintenance plan for PV generators, supporting structure,inverters, wiring, cables, protections and earthing system


designThe corresponding table design summary must be filled out

51.3 Fire SafetySpecifications for Fire Reaction of Constructive elements,extinguishers and fire resistance of the houses structure.

51.3 Fire Safety

Drawings showing compliance with the evacuation of

occupants requirements and fire extinguishers location.

51.4 Safety against fallsSpecifications of compliance with the slipperiness degreeclasses of floors included in House tour

51.4 Safety against falls

Drawing(s) showing compliance with conditions for unevenflooring, floors with different level, Restricted Areas stairs,Public Areas Staircases,Restricted Areas Ramps and PublicAreas Ramps

51.4Safety for avoidingtrapping and impact risk

Drawing(s) showing compliance with conditions for avoidingtrapping and impact risk

51.4Safety against the risk ofinadequate lighting

Specifications for level of illumination of house tour areaslight fittings

51.5 AccessibilityInterior and exterior plans showing the entire accessible tourroute

51.6 Structural SafetySpecifications for the use of dead loads, live loads, safetyfactors and load combinations in the structural calculations

51.7 Electrical and PV System Specifications of the wiring, channels, panels and protections

51.7 Electrical and PV SystemOne-line electrical diagram and drawings showing thegrounding, execution and paths

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5 CONTEST SUPPORT DOCUMENTS

1. Architecture Design Narrative

(35.1) ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS

The concept CEM searched for answers to the everyday life of the twenty-rst century wi-thin the potential of the sun, as source of light and heat, and within the management and mutation of

the spaces in the house.

There is a prototype to be built in Portugal which will reect the entire concept. The house merges with the surrounding environment and with light variations throughout the

day. Every moment there is a new interior and exterior space, which adapts to ones daily life. The

perspective one has changes as the day goes by.

The movements of the house throughout the day allow for the mutation of spaces.

According to the time of day and the needs of the family, the house adapts itself to the

familys routine, managing the areas according to what is required at breakfast and all day long until

dinner time.

With the help of domotics and hi-technology systems, the house adapts to its owner and not the

other way round.

Also, the modular structure has been designed to adapt to its residents needs, evolving ac-

cording to the family living there. It can grow and become smaller depending on the lifestyle and

the demands of the family at different stages in their lives.

The house feeds itself from the sun, following it as it rises and sets, just like a sunower. Thissunower effect, combined with the movements of the solar panels maximizes solar gains. Because the house reacts to sunlight, and the solar panels can have two different move-

ments, it can adapt to summer and winter needs.

The natural texture of the solar panels, used as a covering, has been designed to createdifferent scenarios as the sunlight shines upon them.

The model in the competition represents only part of the whole concept. Some of the SDE

exhibition constraints have lead us to explore different possibilities. Showing the projects versatility

is our main challenge.

I mean, you can purchase the mechanical system after you have acquired this basic structure and

to do so in parts, according to your nancial possibilities, without the need to get a high loan.There is, therefore, the possibility for the house to evolve throughout its owners life and adapt to the

growth of the family. Moreover, it can become more ecological and productive every time you acquirea new system. It is difcult to highlight only one aspect in the project, because the project is innovative, due

to the gathering of concepts.The model we are developing for SDE, the prototype CEM/SDE, shows that: 1-the house is

sustainable; 2-the house maximizes solar gains; 3-the positions of the house needed for the sustai-

nability create new spaces; 4-the concept is evolutionary; 5-the house is modular; and 6-the interior

spaces are easily transformed.

1 - The way the concept of sustainability was developed is one of the key elements of the

Project CEM. What makes this project innovative is the fact that the elements that allow the sustai-

nability are part of the house, just like a skin. They are not just extras or complements that allow for

its sustainability.

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2 - The different positions of the covering allow for maximum solar gains. In this specicmodel, the covering can have two different positions. One in the Summer, which casts some shade

upon the window and protects it from the sunlight. This position provides a shelter. It also creates a

covered living space.In Winter, the other position allows the sun to shine on the entire window.

3 - Another key element is the simplicity of the positions needed for the sustainability. They

can be regarded as generators of new spaces.

4 - As mentioned, the house grows with the family and with their lives.

5 - The modular structure can be adapted to the family during their lifetime and to the everyday

needs of the family.

6 - The interior space also possesses a wall, which can be moved, according to the familys

needs, in order to create two bedrooms and change the size of the living room.

To conclude, the different positions of the solar panels make the house more comforta-

ble, more efficient and a lot more sustainable.


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(35.2) SUMMARY OF RECONFIGURABLE FEATURES

The existing footprint area is 99,850 m2 in the house, so respect the maximum area requi-

red by the SDE of 150 m2.


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(35.3) LIGHTING DESIGN NARRATIVE

Several models taken in study evoke innumerous ideas about both natural and articial lightdesign.

Relatively to natural light, the model proposes a set of vertical and rotative grid that allowscontrolling the penetration of light, directly or indirectly inside the habitation. This system can also

be racked up in order to clear all the window range and let, consequently, the involving atmosphere

enter in the dwelling.

The moving cover of the house has been explored to have small openings between photo-

voltaic panels, permitting the entrance of little dots of light that spread through the shadow in the

habitations interior, designing therefore a shredded shadow.

In team we discussed about articial light, if it should be assumed in the interior design, or ifwe should hide the source of light, always realizing that both solutions bring different space experien-

ces. We believe that hiding the source of light turns the space more natural, although we think that

the presence of lamps and spotlights will be a sensitization factor towards energy saving, becomingvery important in the house design.

The teams expectation about this theme is that we implement a personal electronic device,

like a cell phone, that controls the lighting in the house.


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INTRODUCTION

The following text describes a structural solution for a building that in itself is ecologically

sustainable.In this text, not only the structural solution found is described, but also the main reasons that led to

this projects solution. The list of criteria that presided the elaboration of this project tries to guaran-

tee safety, durability, functionality, as well as being reasonably within budgets as the sustainability

of this solution.

(36.1) STRUCTURAL DESIGN

During the development of the structural solution to be used in this project it was taken into ac-

count the concept of a sustainable building, dened in the Architecture project, as well as the workingand surrounding variables, although always having in mind possible new solutions in the building.

The project mainly consists in the construction of an auto supporting structure that

is to be lodged in another metallic structure, which is going to work as support to the rst andwill allow the placing on any given local, plus allowing the building to rotate on a vertical axis,

as well as a partial rotating movement of the external metallic cover. Therefore the solution

found to the problem with the interior of the building, such as empty spaces, doors and windo-

ws recurs to the usage of light material, such as wood in the pavement, beams and walls.

Top walls composed by a mounting system and locking beams, as well as the cover, with a sys-

tem that connects main beams by plywood, they are the main bracing structural elements of the building.

Also worth mentioning is that this is a practical and light solution that re-

curs to ecological material and by its attributes will be fast and easy to mount/

dismount the various elements because all connections will use screws.

As for the wooden structures, we considered the usage of certied wooden lamella-te with a resistance level of GL28 or above. In the concrete composed parts it was con-

sidered the usage of class C25/30 concrete, as for an environmental exposure XC3 and

XA1, dened by NP EN 206-1 standards, and class A400 NR ribbed steel. As for the ba-sis to be used in the making of the metallic elements, class S275 steel would be our option.

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND DIMENSIONING

In the making of our project we will comply with every Portuguese laws and regula-tions, namely, regulations NP EN 206-1: 2005 - Beto Parte 1: Especicao, desempe-nho, produo e conformidade and NP ENV 13670-1: 2005 - Execuo de estruturas em be-to Parte 1: Regras gerais, as well as Normas e Especicaes do Laboratrio Nacional deEngenharia Civil applicable. In the special case of verifying the safety of the structure itll betaken into account Regulamento de Segurana e Aces para Estruturas de Edifcios e Pon -tes (RSA), Regulamento de Estruturas de Beto Armado e Pr-esforado (REBAP) and Re-gulamento de Estruturas de Ao para Edifcios (REAE). All previously quoted regulationswill be complemented, in justied cases, by the adoption of dimensioning rules that are moreup to date (EUROCODE 2 - Design of Concrete Structures, EUROCODE 3 - Design of Steel

Structures, EUROCODE 5 - Design of Timber Structures e EUROCODE 8 - Design of structu-res for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings). Besides the pre-dimensioning of the various structural elements by fast and reliable me-thods, a tridimensional calculation model of nite models and bars was made with the purpose ofverifying the global stability of the building.


2. Engineering and Construction DesignNarrative

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(36.2) CONSTRUCTIVE DESIGN

THERMAL CARACTERISTICS

This study intends to perform verication of Regulamento das Caractersticas de Comporta-mento Trmico dos Edifcios - RCCTE, Decreto-Lei N. 80/2006 of April 4th and includes a descrip-tion of the thermal characteristics of the surrounding elements, quantication of the different thermalparameters, determining the nominal heating needs (Nic) and cooling (Nvc), quantication of needsrated to produce hot water(Nac), and the calculation of nominal global needs of primary energy (Ntc).

This project aims to ensure that the requirements of thermal comfort, whether for heating,

cooling, ventilation (for ensuring air quality inside the building) as well as the needs of hot water, may

be met without spending excessive energy.

It also aims to minimize the pathological conditions in the building components caused bythe occurrence of internal or supercial condensation, with potential negative impact on durability ofbuilding components and indoor air quality.

REGULATIONS

This project was developed under the existing legislation, namely:

Decreto-lei n. 80/2006, of April 4th, establishing the Regulamento das Caractersticas doComportamento Trmico dos Edifcios (RCCTE);

Construction solutions

Walls

40mm burnt cork 18mm OSB

100mm rock wool 30mm Wallmate 10mm viroc Cover

40mm burnt cork 18mm OSB

30mm Wallmate 80mm rock wool 40mm burnt cork

Pavement

15mm burnt cork 30mm rock wool 18mm viroc

30mm Wallmate 18mm OSB

80mm rock wool

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Glass solution 1

Triple glass composition:

PLANILUX sheet 4mm + 6mm PLANILUX

Cover COOL-LITE XTREME 60-28 90% argon 8mm 4mm PLANILUX sheet Cover PLANITHERM ULTRA N 90% argon 8mm PLANILUX sheet 4mm + 4mm PLANILUX

Glass solution 2 Triple glass composition: PLANILUX sheet 4mm + 4mm PLANILUX 90% argon 8mm

4mm PLANILUX sheet 90% argon 10mm PLANILUX sheet 4mm + 4mm PLANILUX


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Assumptions The thermal study was carried out in accordance with the Portuguese legislation. Thus it was

necessary equivalence of the location of Madrid to a Portuguese town. Therefore Portalegre was

chosen for having the same temperature variations.

It was taken into account the shading resulting from the shading on the horizon.

In the absence of information to allow the calculation of the angle of the horizon (Fh), default values

shall be calculated by adopting an angle of 45 horizon in urban or 20 in rural environment. In thepresent study we considered 20

Conditionalisms

Energy requirements legal requirementsSegundo o RCCTE, a fraco autnoma em estudo no pode, como resultado da sua mor-

fologia, da qualidade trmica da sua envolvente e tendo em conta o aproveitamento dos ganhos

solares e internos e de outras formas de energias renovveis, exceder um valor mximo admissveldas necessidades nominais anuais de energia til para aquecimento (Ni). O valor

According to the RCCTE, the unit in the study can not, as a result of its shape, the quality of

thermal isolation and its surroundings in view of the solar gain and use of internal and other forms

of renewable energy exceed an allowed maximum value of the annual nominal energy needs useful

for heating (Ni). The nominal energy threshold needs useful for heating (Ni), depends on the shape

factor (FF) of the building unit and degree-days (GD) of the local climate.


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Assumptions

The thermal study was carried out in accordance with the Portuguese legislation. Thus it was

necessary equivalence of the location of Madrid to a Portuguese town. Therefore Portalegre waschosen for having the same temperature variations.

It was taken into account the shading resulting from the shading on the horizon.

In the absence of information to allow the calculation of the angle of the horizon (Fh), default values

shall be calculated by adopting an angle of 45 horizon in urban or 20 in rural environment. In thepresent study we considered 20

Conditionalisms

Energy requirements legal requirements

Segundo o RCCTE, a fraco autnoma em estudo no pode, como resultado da sua mor-

fologia, da qualidade trmica da sua envolvente e tendo em conta o aproveitamento dos ganhossolares e internos e de outras formas de energias renovveis, exceder um valor mximo admissveldas necessidades nominais anuais de energia til para aquecimento (Ni). O valor

According to the RCCTE, the unit in the study can not, as a result of its shape, the quality of

thermal isolation and its surroundings in view of the solar gain and use of internal and other forms

of renewable energy exceed an allowed maximum value of the annual nominal energy needs useful

for heating (Ni). The nominal energy threshold needs useful for heating (Ni), depends on the shape

factor (FF) of the building unit and degree-days (GD) of the local climate.

The building unit can not, as a result of its shape, the thermal quality of its surroundings and

the existence of internal and external solar gains, exceed a maximum allowed of nominal annualneeds of useful energy for cooling (Nv). The threshold value of the nominal energy needs useful for

cooling (Nv) of an autonomous fraction depends only on your climate zone (Article 15 of RCCTE):

Zone V2, Nv =32kWh/m2.year.

The building unit can not, as a result of the types and efciencies of production equipmentfor hot water, as well as the use of renewable forms of energy, exceed a maximum allowable annual

nominal energy needs useful for production of hot water(Na).

The nominal annual global needs (Ntc) of the autonomous fraction of the unit in the study may not

exceed a maximum allowed value of primary energy (Nt), calculated based on the values of Ni, Nv

and Na (Article 15 of RCCTE).

Criteria

According to the regulatory information and based on the architecture, it was dened: climatic zone of I3, V2; sun exposure: glasses facing north and south; ventilation of interior spaces, including toilet and kitchen, using electric fan; thermal inertia: weak; considered the heating of domestic hot water using a solar panel with support from electricwater heater;

for heating and cooling was used heat pump;

shading: it was considered the pivoting movement of the cover and studies were conductedwith and without the effect of the shadow caused by this on the glasses.


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Minimum thermal quality requirements for building envelope:

U outer wall: 0.23 (W/m2. C) U max: 1.45 (W/m2. C) U coverage: 0.23 (W/m2. C) U max: 0.90 (W/m2. C) U Floor: 0.23 (W/m2. C) U max: 0.90 (W/m2. C)

Maximum solar factors allowed on glasses:

The glazing solar factor (glass 1 and 2) activated at 100%: 0.07 0.15 (summer)


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ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE OF THE ADAPTED SOLUTIONS

2_Regulations:

As a reference for this study was taken into account only the Portuguese law and thereforethe provisions of the document shown below: -Decreto-Lei n 96/2008 regulation establishing the acoustic requirements of the Buildings; -Decreto-Lei n 9/2007 establishing the general regulations of noise;

3_Construtive solution:

The analyzed elements are consistent with the architectural design , so it is simply shown thedescription of constitution the elements. The drawings will be part of the architectural design. It was considered that housing will be stimulated mainly by the noise from the adjoining ou-tdoor space, caused by trafc of adjacent streets. The noise inuence is felt at the intelligibility levelof speech, noise and reverberation, essential aspects to dene the acoustic comfort criteria and,consequently, in the users sense of fatigue.

The terms of speech intelligibility and hearing comfort and quality are conditioned by severalfactors, of which it is possible to highlight how much the control of reverberation time is determinant. In the surroundings the following design principles were taken into consideration:

3.1_Exterior walls

40mm burnt cork from the outside, rubber canvas,18mm OSB, 100mm rock wool, anti steamplastic, 10mm waterproof agglomerate, 30mm Wallmate and 10mm viroc, from the inside.

3.2_Pavements Wood joist based on metallic beam, nishing (from outside to inside) constituted of 100mmrock wool, 16mm waterproof agglomerate, 40 mm wallmate, 18mm viroc, 30mm rock wool and11mm OSB.

3.3_Cover

40mm burnt cork from the outside, rubber canvas, 16mm waterproof agglomerate, 40mmWallmate and 36mm OSB, from the inside.

3.4_Glass facade

SGG CLIMATOP COOL-LITE XTREME F2 ULTRA N F3 46.1(8 argon)4(8 argon)44.1

4_Assumptions

4.1 Conditions

The Portuguese regulamentation focuses on the application aspect of acoustic comfort underthe scheme of the building, contributing to improving the quality of the acoustic environment and thewell being and health of populations. The verication analysis of compliance with legislation, regarding to noise polution, had asstrategic line of action, the following principles:


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- In this study, the house was included in the description of residential and mixed buildings,

and hotel units, contained in Article 5 of Decreto-Lei No. 96/2008 (Regulation Acoustic Requirements

of Buildings);

- The house was considered located in a sensitive area, covered by subparagraphs c), d) ande) of paragraph 1 of article 11 of the General Regulation of Noise;

However, in order to comply with some parameters of the SDE, it was necessary to analyze

the reverberation time inside the house that corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the values obtai-

ned for the octave bands centered at frequencies of 500Hz, 1000Hz and 2000Hz .

Taking into account that in the SDE, this house will be for the period of exposure, an area fre-

quented by the public, the analysis of the reverberation time was performed as a place for services.

In the attached calculation memory, it is shown the sound absorption coefcients for eachbuilding element according to their area.

4.2 Criteria

In order to obey the law the following criteria were considered:

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

The technical and functional requirements that a house of this nature must comply with are

established by the General Noise RegulationIn Chapter I, Article 3, paragraph p) are dened new reference time periods for analysis of

evaluation sound levels.

e) Reference periods:

i) Daytime, from 7 to 20 hours;

ii) Evening period, from 20 to 23 hours;

iii) Night time, from 23 to 7 hours;

In the following paragraphs, v), x) z) from the previous point, are dened territorial designa-

tions for areas that fall into different types of sound environments.

v) Mixed zone - the area dened in the municipal land use planning, whose occupation isaffecting other uses, existing or planned, other than those mentioned in the denition of a sensitivearea;

x) Sensitive areas - area dedicated to residential use, or for schools, hospitals or similar or

leisure facilities, existing or planned, and may contain small business units and services to serve the

local population, such as cafes and other catering establishments, paper and other traditional retail

outlets, without operating at night;

z) Consolidated urban areas - the sensitive or mixed area with stable occupancy in terms of

building.


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In Chapter III, Article 11, paragraph 1 states that:

1 - Depending on the classication of an area as sensitive or mixed, the following exposurelimits shall be observed:

a) The mixed areas should not be exposed to exterior noise exceeding 65 dB (A), ex-pressed by the indicator L den, and more than 55 dB (A), expressed by the indicator Ln;

b) The sensitive areas should not be exposed to exterior noise exceeding 55 dB (A),

expressed by the indicator L den, and more than 45 dB (A), expressed by the indicator Ln;

c) The sensitive areas in which proximity, at the date of entry into force of this Regu-

lation, exists a large infrastructure of transport in operation must not be exposed to exterior noise

exceeding 65 dB (A), expressed by the indicator L den, and higher the 55dB (a), expressed by the

indicator Ln;

d) The sensitive areas in which close proximity is projected, at the time of preparationor revision of the municipal land use planning, a large infrastructure of air transport should not beexposed to exterior noise exceeding 65 dB (A), expressed by the indicator Lden, and greater than55 dB (a), expressed by the indicator Ln;

e) The sensitive areas in which close proximity is projected, at the time of preparation orrevision of the municipal land use planning, a large infrastructure other than air transportation shouldnot be exposed to exterior noise exceeding 60 dB (A), expressed the indicator L den, and greaterthan 50 dB (a), expressed by the indicator Ln.

ACOUSTIC REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDINGS

Residential and mixed buildings, and hotel units:

The level of sound insulation to standard air conduction sounds (D2 m, nT, w), between theoutside of the building (source) and bedrooms or living areas of the building must meet the followingconditions:

D2m,nT,w 33dB in sensitive or mixed zones

D2m,nT,w 28 dB in sensitive zones

Comercial and servisses buildings, and similar parts in industrial buildings:

Within the locals specied in Table I of the Annex, and usually considered furnished withoutoccupation, the reverberation time, T, corresponding to the arithmetic sum of the values obtained forthe octave bands centered at frequencies of 500Hz, 1000Hz and 2000Hz, shall satisfy the conditionsin the table below:

LOCALS REVERBERATION TIME(500 HZ-2KHZ)

- Canteen or public restaurant places T 0.15 V ^(1/3) (s) - Ofces ( 100 m3) T 0.15 V ^(1/3) (s)


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5 Sizing

Sound insulation to air sound

It is called airborne noise the sounds transmitted thru the air. For the case of buildings, the

original sound source of excitation, can be the noise from road trafc, rail, air, operation of collectiveand / or individual facilities, the conversation itself, daily activities, etc.

The origin of these sound sources can be both inside and outside the building. Therefore,

the regulation sets limits for sound insulation, according to the location of each element of division,

differentiating the exterior of the building from the different elements of internal division.

There are several methods for the characterization of the air sound insulation. They are divi-ded into measurement in situ methods and estimation methods.

To calculate the air conduction sound insulation, of a certain element of division, it is used the Law

of Mass.

The law of mass is an estimation method that requires the reduction of acoustic intensity

over a given element, it is a function of the square of the product of unit mass m by the frequency

considered f. The result of this equation is expressed in decibels (dB).

a ~10 x log( f . m)2

The calculation of sound reduction index of the air conduction sounds in simple walls, is ob-

tained by the sum of all the supercial masses of the elements that make up the element of division.

To calculate the sound reduction index of the air conduction sounds in double walls, it is ne-

cessary to apply corrections to the insulation value obtained with the Law of Mass.

For a double wall to be treated as it, it must comply with certain conditions:

-The resonant frequency of a double wall panels must be less than 63 Hz.

A double wall (wall of panels separated by an air-box) accounts for the low frequencies, as a

mass-spring-mass, where the masses correspond to the two panels of the wall and the spring-box

to the air that separates between panels.

Such a system is able to vibrate and has a self resonant frequency dened by:


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Being:

c: propagation speed of sound in air (340 m/s);

mi: surfasse mass of elemet i; : density of air (1.18 kg/m); d: thickness of the air layer (m).

This frequency is somewhat lower, for larger masses and / or the greater the distance betwe-

en them.

-The thickness of the wall air-box must be less than the value obtained by the following ex-

pression:

d > 0.9(1/m1 + 1/m2)

-The air-box should be lled with semi-absorbing element with a minimum of 4 inches thick.

Fullling these three conditions, the index obtained from the graph will be increased from 3to 5 dB, depending on the case. Otherwise, the wall follows the concept of Law of the experimental

mass and frequency, without any gain due to the presence of air-box with insulation.

To calculate the air conduction sound reduction index in glazing walls and or with doors,

should be taken into account: The sound insulation provided by the glazing is determined by the following equation:

Rv =13.3 x log10(e)+14.5

Being:

Rv: the glazing aerial sound insulation (dB);

e: thickness of the glass if it is simple or the average thickness for glass double (air box below

15 mm).

The global value of the air conduction sound reduction index, will be obtained from the respective

value of the opaque part, glazed part and door part, using the following formula:

RT =10 log ( Si / (Si / 10^(Ri/10) ))

Being:

Si: surface area i;

Ri: sound insulation of i;

RT: total isolation resulting.

To calculate the air conduction sound reduction index in slabs, the same method of plain

walls is used.


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CALCULATION

Reverberation time

The reverberation time is calculated by Sabine formula:

T = 0.161 (V/A)

Being:

T is the reverberation time of the compartment in seconds;

V s the compartment volume in m3;

A is the equivalent sound absorption area.

This last term includes the area of sound absorption of each surrounding compartments, as

well as the different objects and people that are in the compartment.


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ACOUSTIC ASSESSMENT

In this point synthesizes the various results, product of quantication of acoustic parametersrequired of dimensioning acoustic the constructive solutions existings, assuming the regulations

applicable to the competition SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012.

1.1 Sound Isolation of air conduction

Slab Floor, LP - Existing Solution

MAP OF CALCULATIONSound reduction index, Rw [30;40] dB

* From the calculation model of Ben Sharp

OBS: The index values of sound reduction are obteined by theoretic models, hence safeguard upthe uncertainty associated to calculation processes. Compliance parameter D

ls, 2m, nT, w, Rwassumes values in the range of 47 dB.

The index value of noise reduction achieved does not guarantee the desired isolation.


Pipe underoor

Ceramic Cork (6mm)

OSB (22mm)

Cork (40mm)

OSB (10mm)

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1.2 Isolation audible sounds of air conduction

Slab roof, LT - Existing Solution

MAP OF CALCULATION

Sound reduction index, Rw [35, 45] dB


OBS:The values of the sound reduction index are obtained through theoretical models thus sa-feguarding the uncertainty associated with the calculation processes.

Compliance parameter Dls, 2m, nT, w, Rw assumes values in the range of 47 dB.The index value of noise reduction achieved does not guarantee the desired insulation.The requirement reverberation within the compartment is not ensured, since the absenceof a ceiling absorber that can guarantee optimal absorption conditions inside.


OSB (aglomerated wood panel) (22mm)Granulated Cork (40mm) (insulation)

OSB (aglomerated wood panel) (22mm)

Wood structure

MDF (10mm)Ceramic Cork (6mm)

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Outer Wall, PE - Existing Solution

MAP OF CALCULATION

Sound reduction index, Rw [35, 45] dB


OBS:The values of the sound reduction index are obtained through theoretical models thus sa-feguarding the uncertainty associated with the calculation processes.Compliance parameter Dls, 2m, nT, w, Rw assumes values in the range of 47 dB.The index value of noise reduction achieved does not guarantee the desired insulation.


granulated cork 40mm (insulation)

cork panel 40mm (coating)

Wood Structure

lacquer MDF

OSB panel (wood aglomerated) 22mm

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Exterior wall, PI - Existing Solution

MAP OF CALCULATIONSound reduction index, Rw [35, 45] dB


OBS:The values of the sound reduction index are obtained through theoretical models thus sa-feguarding the uncertainty associated with the calculation processes.The value of the sound reduction index of obtained has to comply with any regulatory bur-den, however, it is advisable an insulation value of at least 45 dB.

CONCLUSIONSThe theoretical model calculations have uncertainties associated with them, the very pro-

cess of calculation.The contest rules establish a maximum sound insulation to airborne sounds, Dls, 2m, nT,w of 45 dB. The fulllment of this parameter assumes values of sound insulation index Rw


Wood Structure

granulated cork 40mm (insulation)

cork panel 18mm

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in the order of 47/48 dB.The results obtained for the solutions tested do not provide the desired 45 dB isolation,

with the exception that the inner wall has to comply with any regulatory burden.The requirement reverberation within the compartment is not ensured, since the absenceof a ceiling absorber which can ensure optimum conditions for absorption inside.With regard to the solution to the glass, and taking into account the test bulletins of Km-merling, the use of glass 14VSG - 24SZR - 10VSG (Rw 47 dB) appears the most suita-ble parameter to ensure Dls, 2m , nT, w.

The values recorded in the tests exceed the levels required by Portuguese law 35 dB,however to achieve 45 dB imposed by the contest would be necessary to achieve greaterexpessuras constituent materials of the outer envelope, which would make a constructive

solution more expensive. Once the house is built in Madrid only exposed 15 days andprovided funds for its construction was drastically reduced, we decided to comply withnational legislation on soundproong, since this country should be implanted in the housingFAUP as Laboratory alive and then adjust to the legislation of each country on the occasionof internationalization.


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(36.3) PLUMBING SYSTEM DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

Since this project is based on the idea of building a sustainable home, all the networks have been

designed to minimize both costs and the intrusion into the surrounding environment. This chapter will describe the

water, sewer and re safety network. In the development of the project of this specialty will apply the regulations

and standards in force with special relevance to the regulatory decree No. 23/95 of 23 August.

WATER SUPLY NETWORK

General Description

The water suply network of all of the sanitary facilities will have the source on the shells installed under

the house.

The distribution networks of water downstream of the meter shall be simple design and whenever

possible installed in accessible strokes. Will establish two independent circuits: the network of cold water and

the hot water network. The networks will be installed within the central core, where is the bathroom and the

kitchen, with derivations with autonomous geologic cross-sections along each wet Pack, and this in each unit.

With the introduction of a group of hydro pressure, we ensure that the water is drawn to all devices with

the desired minimum pressure, which will be of 15 m.c.a, as specied in the calculations.

The water distribution network for consumption consists of:

General extension input;

Supply branch building;

Horizontal lines on oors for food distribution to sanitary facilities.

Netwrok Supply Sizing

Calculating Flow Rates

The sizing of the cold water network was made on the basis of the unit assigned to the different ow rates use

devices, whose values are shown in table 1:


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TABLE1 Instant Flows

ApplianceUnitary

Flow(l/s)

Washbasin 0,10WC basin 0,10

Washing Machine 0,20

Dishwasher 0,15

Sink Dishwasher 0,20

Shower 0,15

Method of calculation

From the accumulated ow, i.e. the sum of the ows of snapshots devices serviced by each section

of the network, the rate of leakage calculation was determined by taking into account the method described in

general regulation of Public Building Systems and Water distribution and drainage, regulatory decree No. 23/95,

of 23 August.

Obtained the ow rates calculation, xing the diameters had to obtain ow speeds that were not

exceptionally low to allow the formation of deposits in pipes and hence of encrustations, nor too high leading to

strong vibration, acoustic discomfort generators.

At the end of this chapter shows the frame that contains the supporting elements of hydraulic calculation

made for the cold water Network. The numbering shown in the table is set in the drawing that represents theisometric perspective of the Cold water network.

The network load losses were calculated from the formula Colebrook & White, and calculating the

lengths corresponding to the lengths plus the actual lengths equivalent to localized head losses and possible

additions of extensions of tubing resulting from the inaccuracy of the drawings. It was considered that the lengths

of calculation are increased by 30% compared to actual current hypothesis is that in projects of this nature.

Hot Water Network

General Description

The production of hot water, will be made through a boiler, supported by solar panels, with accumulator tank

installed in its own compartment.

Method of calculation

Calculation of hot water supply Network was based on the same principle as described for the cold water

network. In this way, the unit ow of sanitary appliances already submitted are valid also for hot water Network.

Materials and Execution Mode

Pipes

Interior soaked networks for cold and hot water are in stainless steel AISI 316 stainless steel, with

accessories (Presstting System type MANNESMANN or equivalent), where inserted inside of constructive


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elements will be involved in tubing foam elastomers, as indicated in its technical condition.

All piping is buried in high density polyethylene-HDPE, class 10 kg/cm2.

Valves

All installations will be sectioned by valves located at the entrance of water into compartments 0.30 m from the

oor. These valves shall be provided with knobs identical to the other faucets.

At the beginning of any column amount shall also be installed valves male-type spherical.

DRAINAGE WATER NETWORK

General Description

Wastewater produced will be collected by falling pipe, next to the toilets. This will drop tubes to a network of

collectors embedded in the soil, which in turn will lead to waste water septic tanks, as is evident in the drawings

submitted.

The sewage will be collected at the end of the exhibition. The drainage of waste water will be made by gravity.

Scaling of Wastewater Drainage Network

Sizing criteria used are those proposed in the general regulation of Public Building Systems and Water distribution

and drainage, Regulatory Decree 23/95 of 23 August. Thus, the calculation of ow rates were obtained based on

the sum total of the discharge ows and on the abacus of annex XV, presented in the abovementioned documentwhich intends to translate the effect of simultaneity of discharges.

The discharge ow of different devices, as well as the diameters are dened in the following table.

Discharge ows and geometric features and extension of siphons.

ApplianceCaudal Diameter Water Closure

(l/min) (mm) (mm)

WC Basin 90 90 50

Shwoer 30 50 50

Washbasin 30 40 50

Box Passage - 75 -

Washing Machine 60 50 50

Sink Dishwasher 30 50 75

The slope of the discharge will be extension %2.

The primary ventilation of sewer pipes fall is its extension to cover, taking into account the distances of the

downpipes and ventilated boxes.


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As for the scaling of wastewater collectors, the middle section, was based on the formula of Manning-

Strickler at an inclination of at least 1.0% and a coefcient K = 120 m1/3/s.

At the end of the chapter are the frames that contain the supporting elements of hydraulic calculation made for

the downpipes and sewage collectors between inspection Chambers.

Materials and Execution Mode

Traps and Manholes

All appliances will drain as the following States:

Washbasin Siphon-bottle in chrome-plated brass;

WC basin-the siphoning should be made in the piece;

Shower-siphoning pipe in the passage.

The pass-through boxes are rigid PVC.

Drain Extensions, downpipes

All these elements are in rigid PVC PN-4 kg/cm2 consisting of straight sections. Fall tubes will have the

same diameter throughout its length.

Collectors

The collectors among septic tanks inside the building, will be on hard PVC PN-10 kg/cm2.

Will be installed in the places marked clean mouths in relevant, at least equal to the diameter of the

downspout where fall and even pipe material.

DRAINAGE RAIN WATER

General Description

The layout of the rain water drainage network was conditioned by the geometry of the building and the conditions

of the deployment location.

Rainwater tributaries to the coverage of the building will be collected by drop tube, located next to the toilets.

Dimension

In accordance with the general regulation of Public Building Systems and Water distribution and drainage,

Regulatory Decree 23/95, of 23 August, proceeded to their sizing.

Although in this case the building is located at the fair, only for about two weeks, it was considered for thecalculation of the downpipes and collector, a duration of precipitation equal to 5 minutes for a payback period of

5 years is estimated for the average intensity of precipitation, the value of 0.02917 l/s m2.


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Neglecting the effects of network storage, Rational Method was used for the calculation of ow rates:

Q = C I A

Q - Calculation of ow section in study (l/s);

C - Runoff coefcient;

I - Rainfall intensity (l/s.m2);

A - The area drained by the section in study (m2).

Considered themselves the following values for the coefcients of disposal C, depending on the type ofoccupancy of the land in the area under study:

Predominantly vegetal zone: C1= 0,25;

Paved Area: C2= 0,80;

Covered Area: C3= 1,0.

The calculation of the diameter of the rainwater downpipes was obtained from the drain areas, considering the

height of the liquid above the blade fall tube 30 mm.

For the estimated ow dimensionaram-if the collectors among inspection cameras, based on the formulaof Manning-Strickler, pinning:

Height of NET 1/2 blade < inside diameter and 2/3 of the diameter in the exterior of the building;

K = 120 m1/3/s (rigid PVC);

Inclination of the variable, but more than 1%.

At the end of this chapter are the supporting elements of hydraulic calculation made for the downpipesand rainwater collectors.

Materials and Exeecution Mode of the Instalations

Collectors and downpipes

The exterior collectors and downpipes are rigid PVC PN-4 kg/cm2.

The collectors buried inside the building at the level of the R/C will be on hard PVC PN-10 kg/cm2.

Whenever inserted inside of constructive elements, the fall pipes should be insulated from the acoustic

point of view, with mineral wool shells with 30 mm thick.


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(36.4) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

In the preparation of the electrical system it was taken in consideration the technical rules,

regulations and standards, including:

Portuguese technical rules of electrical installations of low voltage (R.T.I.E.B.T);

Security regulation against re.

It was considered too the necessities and facilities that electrical installations must meet.

All the cables used in the electrical installation are halogen free and re-resistant (CEI-60331-

21).

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

The electrical supply of the house will be in low voltage (230/400V, 50Hz) in AC current.

ELECTRICAL BOX

The power distribution and the protections of the circuits will be carried out by the electrical

box, as dened in the drawings.

The electric box should meet the regulations in the section 801.2 of R.T.I.E.B.T and the

standards NP EN 60529, EN 50102 e EN 50102/A1, with protection class II, and will be executed in

electrozinc sheet metal, 10/10 of thickness, capsulated type, with anti-corrosion protection by paint-ing with epoxy polyester, with the appropriated dimensions to the number of circuits provided in the

drawings, including the equipped reserves for future increase of the number of circuits.

The electric boxes will have door and panel, where will be installed the gutters for xation

of the equipment of cut, protection, command, signaling, in order to allow the easy removal of the

equipments by the simple removal of the front panel.

The buses will be in electrolytic copper, for a maximum density of 2A/mm2.

The electric boxes will have connection to earth, where all the protection conductors willleave, being the bars painted or agged with the normalized colours.

All the output circuits will be protected by magnetothermal breakers, curves C or D (for


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motive force circuitry), as indicated in the drawings.

PROTECTION OF PEOPLE

The protection of people respects two aspects:

Protection against direct contacts;

Protection against indirect contacts.

Protection against direct contact

This protection may consider realized by the observance of the regulations, in particular re-

garding the isolation of the active parts.

Protection against indirect contact

This protection is ensured by the direct connection of all the masses to earth and the use of

equipments with automatic cut, that in this project will be differential switches with residual currents

of medium sensivity (300mA) and high sensivity (30mA) in the situations that are advised or required

(all the bathroom circuit).

EARTH ELECTRODES

The earth electrodes are constituted by steel rods with 20 mm of exterior diameter and 2

meters of length.

This electrodes should be located in a ground as much humid as possible, preferably topsoil,

away from walkways and be buried at convenient distances from corrosive substances deposits that

may seep into the ground. The rods will be buried so that its upper end doesnt become less than

0.8m from the surface.

Its intended that the earth resistance is in the order of 20 or less.

The ground network follows the electrical installation, to connect all the metallic masses of


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the installed equipments to the earth.

The earth conductor will have isolation with the colour green/yellow.

INSTALLATIONS OF USE IN LOW VOLTAGE

Lighting

Will be secured by single-phase circuits in cables XG-U3G1,5 protected by VD20 tubes em-

bedded and/or exposed, with origin in the electric box, all commanded locally smartby wall switches.

The smart wall switches are switches that communicate with the illumination boxes by radio-frequency to control the lights.

The points of light provided in the drawings will be equipped with luminaires uorescent and

LED technology.

There will also be outdoor lighting circuits implemented by cables XG, protected by VDLH

tubes, which will be controlled by smart wall switches, as contained in the drawings.

Plugs

Plugs for general and for specic equipments will be installed in the locations marked in the

drawings, and supplied by the electrical box, such that the number and location satisfying the condi-

tions of operation.

Will be installed several plugs circuits, with the tracings indicated in the drawings and with the

characteristics indicated in the one-line diagram of the electric box.

The plugs circuits will be connected by cables with section not inferior than 2,5mm2with XG

cables channelled in VD16 tubes.

The plugs will be installed at convenient height, that is:

0,3 meters above the oor in the living areas.

1.1 meters above the oor in the technical areas.

Infrastructures

For the establishment of the wiring channellings will be constituted by:


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Fixed channellings, at sight, constituted by XG cables, installed in VD tubes and

mounted in brackets.

Fixed channellings, hidden, constituted by XG cables, installed in VD tubes embed-

ded in the walls.

Fixed channellings, hidden, constituted by XG cables, installed in ISOGRIS tubes

embedded in the walls and or oor.

Fixed cables, at sight, will be with insulation sheath with black colour.

APPLIED PROTECTION INDICES

Theprotective indices of the various equipments must be suitable for the local that are locat-

ed, usually indicated in the technical specications, and should be selected according to the service

conditions and external inuences.

According to the norm NFC15-100a the protective indices can be classied according with

external inuences.

The standard EN 60529 denes a degree of protection IP that characterizes the ability of a

material to withstand penetration of solid bodies, the protection of people and water penetration.

The standard EN 62262 denes aIK code that characterizes the ability of a material to resist

mechanical impact.

The values of IP and IK,should not be less than the following:

Exterior IP63 IK04

Kitchen IP21 IK04

Bathroom

Volume 0 IP27 IK04

Volume 1 IP25 IK04

Volume 2 IP24 IK04

Volume 3 IP21 IK04

Remaining areas IP20 IK04

The values of IP and IK, for the electric box are IP20 and IK04.

SIZING OF THE INDIVIDUAL BRANCH

All the cables attended to the regulatory conditions of:


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IB I

n I

z

I2 1,45* Iz

Where,

IB Service Current.

In Rated current of protection.

IZ Maximum admissible current in the cables.

I2 Conventional intensity of operation of the protection.

Considering these conditions are met, means that the cables are protected against overloads

and considering the use of protective devices with cut power above the expected values of short-

circuit current (), the protection against short-circuit is guaranteed.

The sizing guarantees the voltage drop shown in the table below:

Types of receivers U(%)

Lighting 3,5%

Other uses 5%

Was used the neutral TT system, which is based on the direct link to the masses to earth,

associated to the application of protective devices for automatic cut.

The individual branch is performed with the cable XG-R3G16mm^2 as is proved in the cal -

culations showed below:

The total power expected is 10.35 kVA, which corresponds to the current showed above:

IB=

10,35 = 45A

230

It is also necessary to check whether it is possible to comply with the conditions of overload

protection, which is based on compliance with the following conditions:

IB I

n I

z

I2 1,45

* I

z

For this case we have:

45A 50A

96A


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80A 139,2A

which veries the conditions of protection.

COMPLIANCE OF MATERIALS

All materials used shall comply with the provisions of the regulation, and also to national

standards and specications, or, failing that, to CENELEC and / or IEC.

In other cases materials will have CE certication of the manufacturer.

The electric box will have certicates of conformity and test report provided by the respectivemanufacturer of the same.

FINAL TESTS

Upon completion of installation, nal testing will be carried out, covering in particular:

Verication of the proper functioning of all protection of people devices.


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(36.5) PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS DESIGN

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

On this project, tow of the main concepts and concerns always were the optimized solar en-

ergy collection for conversion into electrical and thermal energy, acquiring a positive energy balance;

and the panels building integration, coupling Architecture and Engineering as one.

As this project has a simple external shape it was easy to dene the best integration of the

photovoltaic panels having in account the all year solar behaviour. The roof was the place chosen

to install the panels for several reasons, such as, the solar irradiance incidence is higher in the roof

than in other part of the house, so energy production will be more efcient with rooftop integration;

in the original project with the combined movements of the house the solar panels have a second

task, they create a solar protection, shadowing the interior it is possible to control light and heat thatexceeds comfortable values; as an architectural model the solar panels are seen as a skin that ceils

the house protecting it from the external environment.

DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS

After several tests and ideas for the optimum solution, a conclusion was made that the opti-

mum in Solar Decathlon scope it is to full the all rooftop with photovoltaic panels.

There are no batteries in this project; it would be unfeasible for Solar Decathlon contest.

However the team is considering it for further isolated systems.

PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATORS

The photovoltaic system has 42 photovoltaic modules Martifer Solar MTS 220P,

poly-crystalline, 220 Wp each, located on the roof with the characteristics stated below:

Electrical Specications

Maximum Power (Wp) PMAX 220

Positive Power Tolerance(%)

[PNOM-0 ; PNOM+4.99W]

MPP Current (A) IMPP 7,88

MPP Voltage (V) VMPP 27,91

Open Circuit Voltage (V) VOC 36,55

Short Circuit Current (A) ISC 8,23

Module Efciency (%) 13,8Maximum System Voltage Vsyst 1000 V

Maximum Series Fuse Rat-

ing A 12A

NOCT 48 C +/-3C


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Temperature Coefcients:Power (PMAX) -0,45%/C

Voltage (VOC) -0,324%/CCurrent (ISC) 0,076%/C

Mechanical Specications

Dimensions 1639 x 982 x 35 mm

Weight 20 kg

Solar Cells 60 multicrystalline 6 inch cells

Front Cover Tempered and Textured 4 mm Glass

Encapsulant EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate)

Back Cover PPE (Polyester Polyester Primer)

Frame Silver Anodized aluminium

Diodes 3 Bypass Diodes (16A)

Junction Box IP 65 W/ 3 Bypass Diodes

Cable 2 Cables of 1m W/ Tyco connectors

I-V Curves


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The photovoltaic modules occupy a total area of 67,6 m2making a 9,24 kWp array global power. The

modules are oriented to South (azimuth 0) and with no tilt (zenith 0), because this is the

only way to the house doesnt exceed the solar envelop dimensions.

The PV modules and junction boxes have the certications stated below:

Qualied, IEC 61215;

Safety tested, IEC 61730.1, IEC 61730.2, IEC 61701 (Salt Mist Corrosion);

Ammonia tested IEC 62716;

PV Cycle Member;

Heavy Snow Load tested 5,400 Pa;

UL 1703 by CSA;

Kitemark licence according BS EN 61215 (KM 566314);

TV Factory Inspection.

Inverter

The photovoltaic system is connected to a SMA Sunny Mini Central 9000TLRP-10

inverter located in the technical room, with the characteristics stated below:

Technical Data

Input (DC)Max. DC power (@ cos=1) 9300 WMax. input voltage 700 V


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MPP voltage range / rated input voltage 333 V 500 V / 350 V

Min. input voltage / initial input voltage 333 V / 400 V

Max. input current 28 A

Max. input current per string 28 A

Number of independent MPP inputs / strings

per MPP input1 / 5

Output (AC)

Rated output power (@230 V, 50 Hz) 9000 W

Max. apparent AC power 9000 VA

Nominal AC voltage / range 220 V, 230 V, 240 V / 180 V 265 V

AC power frequency / range 50 Hz, 60 Hz / -6 Hz +5 Hz

Rated power frequency / rated power volt-

age50 Hz / 230 V

Max. output current 40 A

Power factor at rated output power 1

Adjustable displacement factor 0.8 overexcited 0.8 underexcited

Feed-in phases / connection phases 1 / 1

Power balancing Efciency

Max. efciency / European efciency 97.7 % / 97.3 %Protection

Reverse current protection / input-side dis-

connection device Optional (fuses) /

Ground fault monitoring / grid monitoring / DC reverse-polarity protection / AC short-cir-

cuit current capability / galvanically isolated / /

All-pole sensitive residual current monitor-

ing unit

Protection class (according to IEC 62103)/ overvoltage category (according to IEC

60664-1)

I / III

General Data

Dimensions (W / H / D) 468 / 613 / 242 mm

Weight (18.4 / 24.1 / 9.5 in)

Operating temperature range 35 kg / 77.16 lb

Noise emission (typical) -25 C +60 C / -13 F +140 F

Self-consumption (night) 42 dB(A)

Topology 0.25 W

Cooling concept Transformerless


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Degree of protection (according to IEC

60529)OptiCool

Degree of protection of connection area (ac-

cording to IEC 60529)IP65

Climatic category (according to IEC 60721-

3-4)IP65

Maximum permissible value for relative hu-

midity (non-condensing)4K4H

Features

DC terminal SUNCLIX

AC terminal Screw terminalDisplay Text line

Interface: RS485 / Bluetooth / Warranty: 5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 25 years / / / / Certicates and approvals (more available

on request)

CE, VDE0126-1-1, RD 1663/2000, RD

661/2007, EN 50438*, C10/11,

Type designation SMC 9000TLRP-10

The PV modules are connected with the inverter by 3 strings of 14 modules per string.

This distribution was made being in account the array voltage, so it could x in the invertersMPPT (maximum power point tracking) voltage range and inverters protection; array maxi-

mum current for protection and the number of entries in the inverter.

The PV global power in the DC side is,

PmaxDC

= number of panels * Pmax (PV module)

PmaxDC

= 42 *220 = 9240 W

This respects the maximum input DC power of the inverter (PmaxDC(inverter)) that is 9300W as we can see,

PmaxDC

PmaxDC(inverter)

9240 W 9300 W


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The MPP voltage is,

VMPP= number of string panels * VMPP (PV module)

VMPP

= 14 *27.91 = 390.74 V

This respects the interval of the inverter that is between 333V (VMPPmin(inverter)

) and

500V (VMPPmax(inverter)

) as we can see,

VMPPmin(inverter)

VMPP

VMPPmax(inverter)

333 V 390.74 V 500 V

The maximum open circuit voltage is,

VOCmax

= number of string panels * VOC (PV module)

VOCmax

= 14 *36.55 = 511.7 V

This respects the maximum input voltage of the inverter (Vmax(inverter)

) that is 700 V as

we can see,

VOCmax

Vmaxinput(inverter)

511.7 V 700 V

The maximum current in the DC side is,

Imax

= number of string panels * ISC (PV module)

Imax

= 3 *8.23 = 24.69 A

This respects the maximum input current of the inverter (Imax input(inverter)

) that is 28 A as

we can see,

Imax Imax input(inverter)

24.69 A 28 A

Cables and wiring methods

String Cables and wiring

The minimum section of the string cable (Sstringmin

) was calculated by the expression,


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Where,

Sstringmin Minimum section of the string cable (mm2

);

L Length of the string cable (m);

ISC

V Short Circuit Current of the PV module (A);

V Maximum voltage drop percentage admissible in the string cable (%);

VMPP

MPP Voltage of the PV module (V);

nstring

Number of string panels;

kcopper

Electrical conductivity of the copper.

Smin

= 2 * 25 * 1.25 * 8.23 = 2.35 mm2

1% * 27.91 * 14 * 56

The section of the cable was dened to 6 to standardize the section of the cable and

because of logistics issues.

The selected cable was a cable with the designation XV-F1x6 with the characteristicsstated below,

XV Cable

StandardsConstructive: CEI 60502-1; HD603-5V ;

Tests: CEI/EN 60332-1-2

Tests Voltage 3,5 kV

Nominal Voltage 0,6/1 kV

Conductor Bare copper, single-line, class 1 6 mm2

Isolation Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE)Regularization Sheath Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Exterior SheathPolyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Colour: Black or Cream

Applications

Transportation and distribution in xed in-

stallations in buildings and industrial facili-

ties

The Portuguese technical rules for low voltage electrical installations (RTIEBT) ad-vises the use of wiring for 1 conductor with lower section than 10mm2with a tube with the

designation VD32. It is a 32 mm diameter insulated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube, ame


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retar, rigid, with smooth inner walls and IP44.

AC Cable and wiring

The minimum section of the AC cable (SACmin


SACmin

= 3 * l * Imaxoutput (inverter)

* cos = 2.35 mm2

1% * 27.91 * 14 * 56

Where,

SACmin Minimum section of the AC cable (mm2

);

L Length of the AC cable (m);

Imax output (inverter)

Maximum output current of the inverter (A);

cos Inverter power factor;

V Maximum voltage drop percentage admissible in the AC cable (%);

Vnetwork

Line voltage of the Villa Solar electric network (V);

kcopper

Electrical conductivity of the copper.

SACmin

= 3 * 20 * 40* 0.8 = 1.65 mm2

3% * 400 * 56

The section of the cable was dened to 16 mm2 to standardize the section of the

cable and to make sure that wont have any problem with voltage drop and current capac-

ity.

The selected cable was a cable with the designation XV-F3G16 mm2with the char-

acteristics stated below,

XV Cable

StandardsConstructive: CEI 60502-1; HD603-5V ;

Tests: CEI/EN 60332-1-2

Tests Voltage 3,5 kVNominal Voltage 0,6/1 kV

Conductor Bare copper, single-line, class 1 6 mm2


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Isolation Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE)

Regularization Sheath Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Exterior SheathPolyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Colour: Black or Cream

Applications

Transportation and distribution in xed in-

stallations in buildings and industrial facili-

ties

The Portuguese technical rules for low voltage electrical installations (RTIEBT) ad-

vises the use of wiring for 2 conductors with lower section than 10mm2with a tube with the

designation VD32. It is a 32 mm diameter insulated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube, ameretar, rigid, with smooth inner walls and IP44.

Protection

Protection in the DC side

By-pass Diodes

The PV module is already produced and certied with 3 by-pass diodes with an inten-

sity of 16A to prevent the appearance of high reverse voltages at the solar cells.

The maximum average forward current of the by-pass diode (IF) must be higher than

the short-circuit current of the PV modules (ISC

) and the by-pass diode chosen by the PV

module manufacturer obviously respects that criteria as seen below,

IF I

SC

16 A 8.23 A

Warning labels on the junction boxes

All junction boxes will have warning labels placed on the top of the junction boxes to

warn about live parts during daylight as seen below,


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The warning labels on the junction boxes are considered a protection against direct

contact.

Fuses

Fuses will be placed in the DC box, in all the active conductors (positive and nega-tive), to guarantee overload and fault protection in PV modules and DC cables.

The caliber of the fuses (Ifuse


Ifuse

= 1.25 * ISC(PV module)

Ifuse

= 1.25 * 8.23 = 10.29 A

The caliber of the fuses was dened to 12 A to standardize the caliber of the fuses

and because of logistics issues.

Protection in the AC side

Differential circuit breaker

Differential circuit breakers will be placed in the AC box, with differential protection to

protect against leakage currents and with magnetothermal protection to guarantee overloadand fault protection.


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The differential protection will have a medium sensibility of 300 mA. The sensibility of

300 mA guarantees protection against direct and indirect contact.

The rated current of the circuit breakers (IN) was dened to 50 A as seen below,

Imax output (inverter)

IN

IZ (AC cable)

40 A 50A 58 A

Where,

IN Rated current of the circuit breakers (A);

IZ(AC cable)

Maximum admissible current in the AC cable (A).

Isolation of the inverter

The photovoltaic system must have a way to isolate the DC side and the AC side.

Isolation of the inverter from the DC side

The isolation of the inverter from the DC side is made by a device that makes part of

the inverter, the input-side disconnection device can isolate the inverter from the DC side.

The certicate from that device can be checked in the inverters certicates chapter.

Isolation of the inverter from the AC side

The isolation of the inverter from the AC side is made by the differential circuit breaker.

Accessibility

PV modules and junction boxes

The PV modules and the junction boxes are located on the roof of the house. From

the technical room theres an access to the roof where the maintenance of the PV modules

and the junction boxes is done.


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DC box, inverter and AC box

The DC box, inverter and AC box are located in the technical room. The maintenanceof the inverter and protective devices (that are contained in the DC and AC boxes) can be

done in the technical room.

Earthing

The protective conductors will be connecting the metallic mass of the PV modules

and inverter and, after that, will connect to the house grounding that is located in the general

connection box. The house grounding is independent from the grid grounding in order to be

compatible with TT systems as seen below,

Maintenance Plan

Photovoltaic Modules

The photovoltaic modules are very reliable and require little maintenance. The main-

tenance consists in a periodic cleaning of the modules. The periodicity of the cleaning de-

pends on the accumulation of dirt on the modules, for example, a zone with high density ofbirds requires a superior periodicity of cleaning because of the faeces of birds accumulated

on the modules.


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Inverters

Normally the service of maintenance of the inverters is included in the warranty of theproduct. If that service isnt included or after the end of the warranty the maintenance should

be done by skilled personnel. The maintenance consists in:

Keep the inverter clean and minimise the possibility of dust being blown over the equipment

clean with dry cloth when required;

Ensure the unit is not infested by vermin;

Check that the inverter is functioning correctly by observing indicators, metering and/or other

displays on the inverter.

Electrical System

The electrical system requires little maintenance but it needs to be done by skilled

personnel. The maintenance consists in:

Check that all interconnections and cables/conduits are mechanically secure;

Check that all switches and circuit breakers are operating correctly;

Conrm any meters are operating correctly.

Inverters Certiicates

All the certicates provided by the manufacturer can be checked in the folder Certi-

cates.

Certiicateof compliance with RD 1699/2011

The certicate that demonstrates compliance with the requirements stated for grid

interconnection (RD 1699/2011) is the one showed below.


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This certicate can be checked in .pdf format in the folder certicates with the name

Compliance_with_Royal_Decree_1699-2011.pdf.

Certiicate of the inverter device that isolates the inverter from the DC side

The certicate that demonstrate that the inverter have a device that can isolate the

inverter from the DC side is the one showed below.


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This certicate can be checked in .pdf format in the folder certicates with the name

BG_ESS_07010-ZE-en-15.pdf.

Certiicate of compliance with the maximum acceptable DC current limit

The certicate demonstrating compliance with the maximum acceptable DC current

limit is the one showed below,


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The certicate demonstrating compliance with the maximum acceptable DC cur-

rent limit can be checked in the folder Certicates with the name EK_RCD-SBSMC-

ZEEN115017.pdf.


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(36.6) ELECTRICAL BALANCE SIMULATION

INTRODUCTION

For estimate the photovoltaic production it was needed to know details about the system lo-

cation, the nal purpose of the system and the equipments used such as inverters and PV modules

available.

The local were the photovoltaic system will be installed will determine its production, inde-

pendently of its constitution. Different locals have different climate data that will inuence directly the

production of energy for the same system. In this case the system location will be Madrid and the

weather data les used in the simulation were from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System

(PVGIS - http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php), a system developed by the Institute of

Energy and Transport from the European Commission. The data was from the year of 2011, the mostactual data at the moment.

After collect the local information we made several studies about the best way to use the sys-

tem. First of all we analysed the users needs and the best way to get external energy, so it was pos-

sible to determine the kind of electrical grid and the use of it. After concluding that being connected

to the grid and receive energy from it when needed is the best solution it was time to determine the

system layout.

The choice of the equipments was made carefully. Trying to get the best technical-economic

relation that reached the wanted purpose for this project, the equipments chosen were the Martifer

Solar MTS 220P modules, a Portuguese brand, and the SMA Sunny Mini Central 9000TLRP-10

inverter.

To maximize production of green energy, it was decided to cover the entire roof with PV

modules. After determine the number of PV modules and using the PVsyst 5.56 simulation software,

it was runned the nal production simulation for a whole year divided per months and for the competi-

tion week, since 14thto 30thSeptember.

LIST OF THE ELECTRIC LOADS

In the next table there are the electric loads that will be in the house and the energy con-

sumed in the competition week:


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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The photovoltaic system has 42 PV modules Martifer Solar MTS 220P, poly-crystalline, 220

Wp each, occupying a total area of 67,6 m2making a 9,24 kWp array global power. The modules

are oriented to South (azimuth 0) and with no tilt (zenith 0), because its the only way to the house

doesnt exceed the dimensions required in the Solar Decathlon competition.

The PV modules are connected to a SMA Sunny Mini Central 9000TLRP-10 inverter, being

wired in 3 strings of 14 modules per string. This distribution was made being in account the array

voltage, so it could x in the inverters MPPT (maximum power point tracking) voltage range and

inverters protection; array maximum current for protection and the number of entries in the inverter.

There are no batteries in this project; it would be unfeasible for Solar Decathlon competition.

However the team is considering it for further isolated systems.

equipments quantity

Information

provided by

the

manufacturer

power

(W)

Energy

consumption

per year

(kWh)

utility

factorh (/day)

Number of uses in the

competition week(/day)

energy

consumed in

contest week

(kWh)

oven 1 1850 100% 0,25 8,00 3,70

stove 1 2300 100% 0,50 8,00 9,20

extractor fan

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