FAZ Technology Fibre Optic Sensing TechnologyGeo-intelligence & asset integrity solutions
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com2 www.fugro.com2
Fugro & FAZ Technology
Fugro is the world’s leading, independent provider of geo-intelligence and asset integrity solutions for large constructions, infrastructure and natural resources.
Since 2005 Fugro Technology has built extensive fiber optic sensing expertise supporting both internal and external customer needs with cutting edge measurement technologies
– Based in Leidschendam, Netherlands
FAZ Technology (subsidiary of Fugro) is a fiber optic interrogation system provider– Spinout of Intune Technology and over many years has developed cutting-edge high speed
high precision recording systems for fiber optic sensors
– Based in Dublin, Ireland
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com3 www.fugro.com3
Light of many “colors” are
sent along fiber
Sensors placed along the fiber optic cable intensely
reflect specific “colors” with “sensed” information
encoded in the reflection (like strain, vibrations,
pressures, temperatures)
Sensing with Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)
FBGs change their “light reflection color”
based on temperature and strain
The reflection can be monitored very
precisely and rapidly to extract physical
information
Many sensors can be monitored in a single
line each
Each can be measuring a different physical
effect/event
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com4 www.fugro.com4
FAZT I4 – Robust & Cost Effective
Technology Details
Wavelength range: 1528 - 1568 nm
Sweep rate: 1000Hz over 40nm
Simultaneous interrogated ports: 4
Number of FBG’s per Channel: up to 30 (120 total)
Absolute wavelength Accuracy (p-p): <± 1pm
Precision (long term): <0.1pm
Wavelength repeatability: <0.050pm @ 1KHzLine width: <20 MHz
Requirements / Markets
Markets
Oil and gas down hole pressure &temperature monitoring
Seismic applications / Micro Seismic
Reservoir Monitoring, pipeline monitoring
Marine tanker health monitoring
Structure heal monitoring
Product Description
Compact & robust single boards Interrogator
1U enclosure
Field deployable
Scalable & Cost effective solution
Fully integrated system
Capability to interconnect/multiplex a large number ofinterrogators for very high sensor counts
Fine time synchronization, to external (network) time andamong units
Low Power Consumption
Linux COB module (low processing power)
18 W (typical), 25 Watts (max)
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com5 www.fugro.com5
Robust & Reliable (MFBF 7yrs), 200 automated tests per unit
High level of accuracy ±0.2pm
High resolution ±0.05pm
Network Interface100Mbps
IoT Restful interface
External/Synchronization fine time Input/Output
1Khz, 2Khz, 4Khz, 8Khz operation modes
Dynamic Regions with gain, distance, ‘smart’ selection of FBG peaks
10km range from Sensor to Interrogator
30 sensors per channel
Timestamps to 100uS
Multiple channels with High Sensor Count
Provides Precise and Repeatable Measurements
Semiconductor Tunable Laser
Rack mountable, ideally suited for field deployment
Multiple Sensor Types; FBG, FS-FBG, Bi-FBG, Fabry-Perot and Multimode
Low power Consumption (>20 Watts)
-20°C to +60°C operating temperature range.
40nm C band operation range
FAZT I4 Interrogator
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com6 www.fugro.com6
Fugro Fiber Optic Sensor Portfolio
Inclinometers
<0.1o resolution &
combined unit for
vibration sensing
Geotechnical
Marine vessel and
structure monitoring
Seismic detection cables
Reaching sub-µg resolution and >120 dB
dynamic range
Subsea or onshore geoscientific surveys
Pressure sensing
High sensitivity, robust
sensors
Industrial monitoring
Marine
Acoustics
Pa-level resolution, large
frequency & dynamic range
hydro/microphones
Industrial monitoring
Marine/subsea detection
High Frequency Accelerometers
Up to 3 kHz operation
Structure monitoring
Machine health monitoring
Depth compensated hydrophones
Up to >120 dB dynamic range in water
depths reaching 1000 m
Subsea acoustics
Marine security and environment
monitoring
3rd party sensors
Temperature, Strain
Compatible with I4 interrogator
Fugro has a wide range of sensors available for the same platform
Potential applications include Marine vessel monitoring
Industrial machine & process
Geoscientific/geotechnical measurements
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com7
Interrogator Performance
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Sensitivity, Resolution & Accuracy
Resolution vs Accuracy Sensor/transducer defines the sensitivity
The system (sensor + read-out) defines the accuracy & resolution
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com9 www.fugro.com9
Performance Overview – Definitions
Precision: the minimum resolvable change in wavelength
Characterized by deviation of measurements over a timeframe
Reported as peak-to-peak or 1σ standard deviation.
Accuracy/Trueness/Systematic Bias: The offset from of the mean of measurements from
the standard (NIST HCN gas cell)
Once characterized, can be offset / corrected from the measurements, if sufficiently stable over
time
Re
fle
cti
vit
y
Wavelengthλ peak
λ peak = fn (Strain, Temp)
Peak
detection
Abs. Accuracy =
fn (True λ location)
Time
Short term Repeatability/Sensitivity = fn (Noise)
Long term Precision = fn (Drift)
λ peak
Temperature sensitivity (~10pm/°C)
Strain sensitivity (~1.2 pm/με)
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com10 www.fugro.com10
FAZ V4 Precision and Accuracy Comparison
Histogram of ~61 hours measurements for the
P10 gas line (10 Torr) for
FAZ V4 (down sampled to 2Hz)
Competitor data (2 Hz)
Precision <30fm (long term)
10 torr HCN gas cell
>1.2pm (offset)
<0.5pm (offset)
FAZ V4
Competitor
<0.035pm(precision)
*Presented at SPIE Photonics Europe 2016 invited paper 98990Z-3 “Enabling Technologies for Fiber Optic Sensing”
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com11 www.fugro.com11
FAZ I4 Precision and Accuracy Comparison
Histogram of 10 hour measurement for the P10 gas line for
FAZ I4 (down sampled to 2Hz)
Competitor Product (2 Hz)
Precision <100fm (long term)
Offset from NIST standard datasheet P10 (pm)
>1.2pm
offset<0.3pm offset
FAZ I4
Competitor
*Presented at SPIE Photonics Europe 2016 invited paper 98990Z-3 “Enabling Technologies for Fiber Optic Sensing”
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com12
Recent Marine Applications
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Offshore Vessel Monitoring
Fiber optic monitoring system for predictive & preventive maintenance
>25 sensors of diverse types, single centralized data acquisition
High frequency (4 kHz) recording
Why Fiber Optic?
Easy cabling Lower installation cost
Central recorder Lower system cost
Passive
Intrinsically safe
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com14 www.fugro.com14
Marine Sensors
Cooling water pressure
gauge
Crankcase
pressure gauge
Single axis high frequency
accelerometers
Hull strain gauge
3-axis vibration recorder
Remotely located single
recorder system for measuring
25+ sensing points
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com15 www.fugro.com15
Remote Monitoring from Shore
https://www.fugroweather.com/WeatherMonitor.Net/Displays/FAZ/150181/Faz2.aspx
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Objectives
• PV Pressure Valves Monitoring on-board an oil transport vessel
• TRL level 8-9 system level with Lloyds approval• PV pressure sensors, Software, Optical Interrogators
Implementation
• 14 high accuracy pressure sensors 0 >> 400mbar with high Accuracy requirement of ±2% FS
• 4 month soak test to prove sensors are repeatable and meet the ±2% FS requirements
• Lloyds Approval achieved for the installation
• Marine Standards EN60945 and IACS E10 achieved.
Collaboration with Tier 1 Oil transport company
• Technical guidance on applications requirements
• Extensive support to prove optical technology in an operational marine environment.
Pressure monitoring safety system
16
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com17 www.fugro.com17
Soak Test Configuration
14 pressure sensors cycled repeatedly between -100 to +300mbar (gauge), in 50mbar steps
for four months with 6 min dwell time at each pressure.
Periodically, the shaker was turned on (typically over a weekend) to induce vibration on the
sensors.
Sensors at room temperature (sensors were pre tested over temperature during calibration)
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com18 www.fugro.com18
Four Month Soak Test Results
The error in pressure reading was calculated at each pressure.
The plots below show error distribution in pressure reading across the operating
range. The x axis spans +/-3 mbar, which is equivalent to +/-1% error FS.
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com19
Recent Infrastructure monitoring Applications
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com20 www.fugro.com20
Weigh in Motion (WIM) Field Test setup
Truck
Lane
Car
Lane
Traffic Direction
Groove “A”
@18cm
depth
Groove “B”
@13cm
depth
Car only
Lane
Truck Lane
100mElectrical WIM LocationData received for truck lane only, for
now
2.5m
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com21 www.fugro.com21
Weigh in Motion (WIM) Field Test setup
Truck
Lane
Car
Lane
Traffic Direction
Groove “A”
@18cm
depth
Groove “B”
@13cm
depth
Car only
Lane
Truck Lane
100mElectrical WIM LocationData received for truck lane only, for
now
2.5m
time
Car only
Lane
Truck Lane
Car only Lane
Truck Lane
Po
sit
ion
in
Ro
ad
Po
sit
ion
in
Ro
ad
Colour map:
strain in
asphalt
recorded
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com22 www.fugro.com22
Initial validation test results
FAZ interrogator high resolution at high
speeds proven to be the key differentiator
The achieved resolution allows us to get away from the I-beam construction
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-0.5
0
0.5
shallow Pro
(p
m)
4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5
-4
-2
0
shallow NFI
(p
m)
Time (s)Events clearly detected with the FAZ I4 not
detectable in alternative state-of-art systems
>x10 lower noise & higher precision with FAZ I4
The FAZ system was shown to
have the time and space
resolution to identify vehicle
signatures down to individual
tires
Time (ms)
Ac
ros
s L
an
e (
dm
, 1
st F
BG
@N
FI-
sid
e)
Deformation Deep measurement line, colormap in pm
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
x 104
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Signature of a 5-axel truck
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com23 www.fugro.com23
Vehicle Identification Results
Excellent agreement with electrical system
5 Axel Truck
Cumulative length (12.3m)
Speed (86Km/h)
Axel Load Calculations
Mean Speed 84.9 (km/hr)
Cumulative
Length (m)
Axle
Spacing (m)
Speed
(km/hr) Date Time
Axle1 83.3 21/07/2016 05:25:12.571
Axle2 4.2 4.2 84.9 21/07/2016 05:25:12.749
Axle3 9.6 5.4 84.9 21/07/2016 05:25:12.980
Axle4 11.0 1.4 85.7 21/07/2016 05:25:13.036
Axle5 12.3 1.3 85.7 21/07/2016 05:25:13.092
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com24 www.fugro.com24
Condition Monitoring System
Monitoring of strain and temperature
Pilot installation to compare electrical and optical
sensors
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Condition Monitoring System
Status
Installation of sensors: Aug
Monopile hammering offshore: Mar ‘17
Installation of data acquisition : May ‘17
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com26
Seismic Applications
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Accelerometers
Combination of high-frequency and high-sensitivity
Unique patent pending technology
Very low cross-talk (<-30 dB)
Flat phase response (<5o)
Readiness: TRL 4, ready for application
Specific adaptation & certification
Very High Resolution
(Transverse) High Sensitivity General Purpose Broad Frequency Range
Sensitivity Axis Single Single Single Single
Sensitivity pm/g >1000 >100 >25 >5
Cross-axis Sensitivity <-35 dB <-30 dB <-30 dB <-30 dB
Frequency Range Hz 0 – 150 0 – 500 0 – 1000 0 – 2500
Resolution (1-500 Hz) µg 0.4 < 4 < 16 < 80
Accuracy g 0.001 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.2
Dynamic Range g -2.5 – +2.5 -25 – +25 -50 – +50 -100 – +100
Overall dimensions mm / ӯ44 x 190 mm
Ø1.73 x 7.48” 115x40x36mm 4.5x1.6x1.4” 75x44x15mm
Patent pending
technology
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Field test Electronic & Optical Seismic Sensors
bandpass filter was applied (passband 2Hz to 100Hz). Lennartz
www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com29
Field Testing Seismic Sensors
Seismometer, Geophone, Optical Accelerometers
3Hz to 100Hz
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Space Applications
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ESA Supported Projects
High precision interrogator for birefringent FBG sensors, for ground testing of satellites
Acquisition of Polarisation Maintaining (PM) FBG’s and/ or Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) FBG’s
High speed acquisition >1,000hz over 4 Channels
High speed polarisation scrambler
Reduction in AIT (Assembly, Integration and Test)
Simultaneously measuring both strain and temperature
Temperature accuracy <1ºC, Strain resolution <0.1µɛ
Hybrid Sensor Bus (HSB) optical sensing for geostationary satellitesHeinrich Hertz Satellite
Sampling speeds 1Hz over 16 sensor array
Rad Hard components
15 year lifetime
Optical components passed Gamma Radiation testing to 100,000 rad
Low Power Consumption ~ 5Watts
In-situ recalibration