fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tuyhWk; mjd; tsh;r;rpg ... · Mohammad Haneefa Mohammad Nairoos1,...

Proceedings of 7th International Symposium, SEUSL, 7th & 8th December 2017

858

fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tuyhWk; mjd; tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;Fk; 1990-2015

Mohammad Haneefa Mohammad Nairoos1, Mohammad Jamees Inul Hadiqa,

Mohammad Jabeer Fathima Naseeha2

1Senior Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Thought and

Civilization, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

2Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Thought and Civilization,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;

fy;tpahdJ xU ehl;bd; rfy JiwfspdJk; tsh;r;rpf;F gpujhd fhuzpahf mike;Js;sJ. fy;tp vd;gJ kdpjdpd; rpe;jid, xOf;fk;, Mw;wy,; EZf;fk;, jpwd;, MSik vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Clfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cyfshtpa kdpjh;fspilNaahd njhlh;gpid Vw;gLj;jf;$ba mgptpUj;jpapid ,yf;fhfhf; nfhz;L ,aq;Ffpd;w xd;whf fy;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; Mz;, ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; fy;tp ngWtJ fl;lhaf; flikahFk;. ,t;tha;thdJ “fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tuyhWk; mjd; tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;Fk; (1990-2015)” vDk; jiyg;gpy; Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ,e;j Ma;thdJ Ma;T gpuNjrj;jpd; K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;iw mwpKfg;gLj;jy;, Ma;T gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tuyhw;iw mwpjy;, Ma;T gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;if kjpg;gPLjy; Nghd;wtw;iw Nehf;fq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. gz;Grhh; kw;Wk; njhif rhh; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;l ,t;tha;thdJ Kjy; epiyj; juTfshfpa (Primary Data) ,g;gpuNjr tho; ngw;Nwhh;fs;, khztpfs; Nghd;NwhUf;fhd mtrpakhd tpdhf;fis cs;slf;fpa tpdhf;nfhj;J, mtjhdk, ; Neh;fhzy; %yk; jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;L gFg;gha;T nra;Jk;;, kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfs; (Secondary Data) %yk; fy;tp gw;wpa nghJthd jfty;fSk; Ma;T gpuNjrk; njhlh;ghf tuyhWk; epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ. Excel vDk; fzf;fpay; nkd;nghUs; tPjq;fs;, vz;zpf;if fz;lwpa gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Ma;thdJ fpl;ljl;l 600 FLk;gq;fspy; 200 khjphpfisf; nfhz;L Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Ma;tpd; %yk; Ma;Tg; gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpahdJ Kd;ida fhyj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ xusT tsh;r;rpapidf; fz;bUg;gpDk; rkfhy cyfpw;F vw;g Kd;Ndw;wkilatpy;iy vd;gNj cz;ikahFk.; mjhtJ fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp epiyiag; nghWj;j tiuapy; xusT tsh;r;rp epiyapidf; nfhz;bUg;gpDk; mt;tsh;r;rpahdJ jw;fhy fy;tp tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;fpw;Nfw;g tsh;r;rpf; fhztpy;iy vd;gNj ,t;tha;tpd; ,Wjp KbthFk;. ,t;tha;T gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rhjfkhd Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mila Ntz;Lkhdhky; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fy;tp tpopg;Gzh;r;rpf; fl;likg;nghd;iw ];jhgpj;J mjd; %yk; gy;NtW gpuNjr fy;tp mikg;GfisAk; xd;wpidj;J xU tiyg;gpd;diy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; tsthsh;fis gfph;e;Jf; nfhs;;s $ba tha;g;Gf;fs; Vw;gLk;.

jpwTr; nrhw;fs;: fy;tp, K];ypk; ngz;fs; , FLk;gk; fDf;fba gpuNjrk;, fy;tp epWtdk;

1. Ma;tpd; mwpKfk;


859

fy;tpahdJ kdpj tho;it xOq;fikg;gjw;Fk;, kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;fhd

rpwe;j topf;fhl;bahfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fy;tpahdJ Mz;, ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; nghjthdjhff; fhzg;gLtJld; rpwe;j r%f cUthf;fj;jpw;F mbg;gilahfTk; mikfpd;wJ. vdNt ,jdbg;gilapy;

Xu; Ma;T NjLjyhfNt mikfpd;wJ. “fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fspd;

fy;tp tuyhWk,; mjd; tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;Fk; (1990-2015)” vDk; jiyg;gpy; Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; xd;gJ khfhzq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mk;khfhzq;fspy;

tlNky; khfhzKk; xd;whFk;. ,q;F 1,610,299 f;Fk; mjpfkhd kf;fs; tho;e;J tUtjid fhzyhk;. FUehfy; khtl;lKk; tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; khngUk; Xu; khtl;lkhFk;. ,jDy; 30 epu;thf tyaq;fspDs; epf;ftuba tyaKk; xd;whFk;. mjDy; MW K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. MW gpuNjrq;fspy; fDf;fba gpuNjrKk; xd;whFk;. ,f; fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp epiy tpsq;Ftjhf ,t;tha;T mikfpd;wJ.

2. Ma;Tg; gpur;rpid

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy; XusT fw;f Kd;tupDk; ngUk;ghYk; mtu;fs; fiyj;Jiwia kl;LNk njupT nra;fpd;wdu;. Vida Jiwfis njupT nra;tjpy;iy vd;gNj Ma;T gpur;rpidahf fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gNj Ma;T gpur;rpidahf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

3. Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk;

fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp uPjpahd Jiwfs; njhlh;ghf tpopg;Gzh;T toq;fg;glhik ngUk; FiwahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fis fy;tp uPjpahf J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mr;r%fj;ij tpopj;njor; nra;tNj ,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,t;tha;T gpd;tUk; Nehf;fq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Ma;T gpuNjrj;jpd; K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;iw mwpKfg;gLj;jy;

Ma;T gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tuyhw;iw mwpjy;

Ma;T gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;if kjpg;gPLjy;

4. Ma;Tf; Nfs;tpfs;

1. fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs;pd; fy;tp tuyhW vt;thwhdJ? 2. fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpg;Nghf;F

ahJ?

5. Ma;tpd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; gug;ngy;iyAk;


860

,t;tha;thdJ fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpj; juj;ijAk;, mjd; tsh;r;rpf;fhd MNyhridfisAk; tpsf;f Kidfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jkJ rKfj;jpd; juj;jpw;F Vw;w tifapy; vjph;fhy eltbf;iffshff; jPh;khdpf;f top nra;Ak; vd;gJ cWjp. fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; kj;jpapy; fy;tpapy; uPjpahd tsu;r;rp

Vw;gl;Ls;sJ, fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; gpd;dilT Vw;gl;Ls;sJ ,itfNs ,t;tha;tpw;fhd fUJNfhs;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 1990 njhlf;fk; 2015 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapid Muha;fpd;wJ.

6. Ma;T Kiwapay;

,t;tha;thdJ Kjd;ik juTfs; %ykhfTk;. ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfs;

%ykhfTk; jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;ld. ,t;tha;tpw;fhd juTfis Neh;fhzy;,

tpdhf;nfhj;J Nghd;w Kjd;ik juTfs; %yKk; E}y;, gj;jpupif, rpW E}y;

njhFg;G, ,izak; Ma;Tf;fl;Liu, xyp ehlh, Kd;ida Ma;Tfs;,

,Untl;Lf;fs;, mwpf;iffs; Nghd;w ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfs;

%ykhfTk; jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;L Excel vDk; fzf;fpay; nkd;nghUs; %yk; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

7. fy;tp gw;wpa Nfhl;ghl;L uPjpahd mbg;gilfs;

fy;tp vd;gJ xU kdpjdpd; cly,; cs, r%f kw;Wk; Md;kPf, fyhr;rhu uPjpahd rfy rf;jpfisAk; ,ilawhJ tpUj;jp nra;fpd;w xU epiyahd nrad; KiwahFk;. mj;Jld; fy;tp vd;gJ fw;wy; vd;gjid mbg;gilahf nfhz;Nl cUthdjhFk;. fy;tpapid 03 tiffshf gpupf;fyhk;. mitfshtd :

Kiwrhu; fy;tp (Formal Education)

Kiwapay; fy;tp (Informal Education)

Kiwrhuh fy;tp (Non Formal Education)

,t;thW tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l fy;tpahdJ rpy mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;;. mt;tbg;gilfshtd:

rfpj;Jf;nfhs;sy; (Tolerance)

Vw;Wf;nfhssy;(Acceptance)

ghuhl;Ljy;(Apprectation)

gpwu; czu;it ngWjy;(Empathy)

ed;wp $Wjy; (Acknowledgement)

jpwe;J fye;Jiuahly; (Open stimulant Discussion)

czu;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; (Managing Emotins)


861

xU ehl;bd; murpay; kw;Wk; epu;thff; nfhs;iffs; nfhz;Nl tFf;fg;gLtjidf; fhzyhk;. ,f;fy;tpahdJ mbg;gilfisf; Nghd;Nw gy gz;GfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mg;gz;Gfshd:

fy;tpia tiuaWg;gJ fbdk;

G+uzkhd xU mgptpUj;jpahFk;.

Kiw Kiwrhuh topfspy; ngwyhk;.

Fwpg;gpl;lsT vy;iyf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;L fy;tpia ngwyhk;.

gy;NtW KiwfspYk; ngwyhk;.

fy;tp tho;f;if ePbj;j ,ay;GilajhFk;

Neubahf my;yJ Neubaw;w Kiwapy; fy;tpia ngwyhk;.

fy;tpahdJ r%f nfaw;ghLfis xOq;fikf;ff; $bajhFk;. fy;tp

njhlu;ghf kfhj;kh fhe;jp , N[ vg; N`u;gu;l; ,tpy;ypak; Ntl;];tu;j; Nghd;w mwpQu;fs;

“fy;tpiag; ngw;w kdpjd; ey;ytdhfNt tho;thd;” (Nrhf;uB];)

“fy;tp vd;gJ xUtid ey;ytdhf;Fk;” (gpNshl;Nlh).

“Gyd;fs; KJikAilait.rpe;jid Nkk;ghLilait.” (gpNsl;Nlh).

Nghd;w gy fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itj;Js;sjidf; fhzyhk;. ,tu;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb #o;epiyfSf;F Vw;g rpwe;j Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;tJ cau;e;j rPupa Kiwapy; xOFjNy fy;tp vd;gjidf; tpsq;fyhk;.

fy;tp njhlu;ghf fpNuf;fthjpfs;, Nkw;fj;Njathjpfs,; jhuhz;ikthjpfs;, khf;]pathjpfs; Nghd;Nwhu; gy fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;J mit ,d;W

fy;tp Nfhl;ghLfshf tsu;e;Js;sjidf; fhzyhk;. mup];Nlhl;by;,

gpNsl;Nlh, Nrhf;uB];, N[hd; Y}ap, fhu;y; khf;]pd; fUj;Jf;fis itj;Jg; ghu;g;gpd; [dehaf fy;tpapid Kf;fpag;gLj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ.

mwpQu;fs; kl;Lkd;wp gpw kjq;fspYk; fy;tp njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sjidf; fhzyhk;. ,e;J kjk; fy;tpawpit ngw

nka;aepiyAk;, rpe;jid topiaAk;, FUf;Fyf; fy;tpiaAk;, ngsj;j

kjk; ju;kf;fy;tp nfhs;iffisAk; , fPijapd; gb #hdNahfk;,

gf;jpNahfk;, fu;kNahfk; Nghd;w topfspYk; fy;tpapidg; ngwyhk;. ,];yhk; fy;tp fw;;gnjd;gJ flik vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjidf; fhzyhk;.

“ckf;F fw;gpf;fg;gl;l ed;ikahdtw;iw eP vdf;F fw;gpf;Fk; epge;jid

kPJ ehd; ck;ikg; gpd;gw;wyhk;.” al- hadeeth(18:16)

“epr;rakhf my;yh ;̀Tila mbahh;fspy; mtDf;F gag;gLgth;fs; fy;tp

khd;fs; jhd;.” al-quran(35:28)


862

,];yhk; fy;tpapid nysfPfk;, Md;kPfk; vd ,uz;L tifapYk; Nghjpf;fp;d;wjidf; fhzyhk;. ,itfspd; %yk; fy;tp vd;gJ tho;T KOtJk; Njbg;ngwNtz;ba midj;Jf; fhyj;Jf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd xd;whFk;.

,];yhkpa fy;tp jhgdq;fs; ghu;g;gpd; ,];yhkpa fy;tpapidg;

Nghjpg;gjw;F kj;urh, m`jpa;ah Nghd;w mikg;Gf;fspd; %ykhf

Md;kPff; fy;tpiaAk; ghlrhiy, gy;fiyf;fofk; %yk; ngsjPff; fy;tpapidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,];yhk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpapidf; ;Cf;fg;Lj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sjidf; fhzyhk;. ngz;fs; fy;tpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;ida ]`hgpg; ngz;fshd ck;K

]ykh, Map\h, m];kh gpd;j; m]j;, `d;]h, mu;th, ckhkh, ikkdh,

wfPfh, Rigjh, rfPdh, R`pjh Nghd;wtu;fis cjhuzkhf Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,tu;fs; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; gq;F ngw;W Vida ngz;fSf;F Kd;Djhuzkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

8. mwpKfk; - fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp

fDfl;ba gpuNjrkhdJ FUehfy; khtl;lj;jpy; epftul;ba tyaj;jpy;

mike;Js;sJ. mjhtJ FUzhfy; khtl;lj;jpy; “ td;dp `j;gj;Jt

khFy; nkjfd; j`a” Nkw;F Nfhuis epftul;b tyaj;jpy; u];dhaf;fg;Gu gpuNjr rigf;Fs; mike;Js;s Vida fpuhkq;fSld;

xg;gPLifapy; goikahd xU gpuNjrkhFk;. fDf;fba vd;gJ mGf;fhfk,

mtf;fw;jSt, fSthr;rpfk, Klj;jt Mfpa rpW gpuNjrq;fisAk; cs;slf;fp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fDf;fba 600f;Fk; nkw;gl;l

FLk;gq;fisAk; 2.6 rJu fpNyh kPw;wu; FbapUg;Gg; gpuNjrj;ijAk,; 1.3 rJu fpNyh kPl;lu; tptrha epyq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

fDfba vd;w ngau; tUtjw;F Xu; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;ddp xd;W

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. A-10 ghijapy; gazpj;j tpahghupfs; khl;L tz;bfis epWj;jp Xa;ntL;j;jNjhL khLfisAk; Gy; Nka;tjw;fhf mt;tplj;jpy; fl;bdu;. ,r;re;jpf;F mUfpy; Klj;jt Fsk; fhzg;gLtjhy; rfy NjitfSf;Fk; trjpahf mike;Js;sjid fhzyhk;.,q;F

filfSk; ,Ue;Js;sd. vdNt khLfis “fk;gq;fspy; fl;Ljy;” (fDtpy;

fl;ljy;) vd;w nrhw;nwhlu; “fDf;fba” vd jpUgile;jpUf;fyhk; vd $wg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; fDf;fba gpuNjr kf;fs; gpw kjj;jtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J fhzpfis nfhs;tdT nra;J fDf;fba gpuNjrj;ij tpupTgLj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fs; kd;du;fspd; guk;giuiar; Nru;e;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. mjdhy; mtu;fis xt;nthU guk;giu ngau;fisf; nfhz;Nl milahsg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. mg;guk;giufshtd :

uh[ Nfhghy Kjpad;ryhNf

fkufy Kjpad;ryhNf

kbNfKjpad;ryhNf


863

uh[ td;dp

8.1 fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tuyhWk;, mjd; tsh;r;rpg;Nghf;Fk;

1942 njhlf;fk; 1946 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l fy;tp uPjpahd khw;wj;JlNd fDf;fba gpuNjrj;jpy; fy;tp uPjpahd jhf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. 1950 fspd; gpd;dNu ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fy;tp tuyhwhdJ Muk;gkhfpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk; 1959 f;F gpwNf ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy; Xu; tsu;r;rp Vw;gbDk; gpuNjr kf;fs; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; jkJ ngz; gps;isfis ,f;fhyg;gFjpapYk; fy;tpapid fw;f tpLtjw;F tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.

,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; ngz; gps;isfs; fy;tp fw;f Ntz;ba

mtrpakpy;iy vdTk;, jkJ ngaiu kl;Lk; vOj mwpe;jpUe;jhy; NghJk; vdTk; vz;zp ngz;gps;isfis G+g;nga;jTld; tPl;bDs; itj;J tpLfpd;wdu;. ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; jkJ ngz; gps;isfis fy;tp fw;f itf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;F gy fhuzq;fisAk; Kd;itj;Js;sjid fhzyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; ngz; gps;isfspd; fy;tpf;fhf nrytopf;f Kd; ;tUtjpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;.

Muk;g fhy fl;lq;fspy; ,g;gpuNjr ngz;gps;isfsplk; fy;tp

fw;Fk; Mu;tk; 20% tPjkhf fhzg;gbDk; ,g;gpuNjr kf;fsplk; fy;tp njhlu;ghd G+uz mwptpd;ik fhuzkhf ngz; gps;isfis fw;f

tplhikapdhy; mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; ngz;fspd; fy;tpahdJ 10% tPjkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. Muk;g fhy fl;lj;jpy; Vida gpuNjrq;fis tpl fDf;fba gpuNjr ngz;fspd; fy;tpahdJ gpd; jq;fpa epiyapNyNa fhzg;gl;lJ.

1980 fspd; gpd;dNu fDf;fba gpuNjr ghlrhiyapy; cau; juk; Muk;gpf;fg;gbDk; mf;fhyg;gFjpfspy; ,g;gpuNjr fy;tpahdJ Njf;fk;

mile;j epiyapNyNa fhzg;gl;lJ. MapDk; 1959 y; U.L Nfhyprk;

gPtpAk;, 1964 y; O.M. rpj;jp eprhypahTk; 5k; Mz;L Gyik guprpy; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;Js;sjid mwpf;ifapD}lhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

1993 ,Yk; S.A .mfPyh ghD vDk; khztp 5k; Mz;L Gyik guprpy; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jhu; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tplakhFk;. 1990 Kjy; 2000 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapDs; f.ngh.j cau;jug; guPl;irapy; Njhw;wpatu;fSs; [e;J ngz; khztpfs; gy;fiyf;fofk; njupthdhu;fs; vdpDk; mtu;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;ytpy;iy vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.

,f; fDf;fl;ba gpuNjr kf;fs; Muk;g fhy fl;lq;fspy; ngz;gps;isfSf;F cau; fy;tp Njit ,y;iy vDk; kdg;ghd;ikapdhy;

jkJ ngz;gps;isfSf;F fy;tp fw;gpf;fNth, mjw;fhf nryT nra;aNth Kd; tuhikapdhy; ,g;gpNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp epiyapy; Vw;w jho;Tf; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jid 1990 Kjy; 2014 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; ,jd; tsu;r;rp %yk; fz;Lf; nfhs;syhk;.


864

5Mk; Mz;L Gyi;kg; guprpy; rpj;jpaile;j ngz; gps;isfspd;

vz;zpf;if 1990 - 2015

tUlk; rpj;jpaile;jtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if

1990 0 1991 0 1992 0 1993 1 1994 0 1995 0 1996 0 1997 0 1998 0 1999 2 2000 1 2001 0 2002 2 2003 1 2004 0 2005 1 2006 1 2007 3 2008 3 2009 1 2010 1 2011 2 2012 3 2013 5 2014 3 2015 2

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ml;ltiz Clhf 1990 njhlf;fk; 2006 tiuahd fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fspd; Muk;g fy;tpapy; njhluhd tsu;r;rpapidf;

fhzyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; 1990, 1991, 1992 Mfpa fhyg;gFjpfspy;

tsu;r;rpapidf; fhzKbatpy;iy. 2007, 2008 fhyf;fFjpapy; $bf; Fiwe;Js;sjidf; fhzyhk;. ,jD}lhf 1990 njhlf;fk; 2008 tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp epiyahdJ kpfTk; gpd;dile;j epiyapNyNa fhzg;gl;lJ.


865

5 Mk; Mz;L Gyik;g; guprpy; rpj;jpaile;j ngz; gps;isfspd;

vz;zpf;if 1990–2015

f.ngh.j rhjhuz juj;jpYk; ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs; Muk;g fhy fl;lq;fspy; tsu;r;rpapidf; fz;buhtpbDk; gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; XusT tsu;r;rpapidf; fz;lJ. ,g;gpuNjr ghlrhiyapy; 1985 Mk; Mz;be;F gpd;dNu cau; juk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ vd tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ. 1990 njhlf;fk; 2010 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapDs; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpahdJ $bf; Fiwe;Js;sjid fhzyhk;.

gy;fiyf;fofk;; nrd;Nwhu; tpguk; 1990 – 2010

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tiuglj;ij nghUj;jtiuapy; 1993, 1994 ,1995 Mfpa

fhyg;gFjpapy; ,g;gpuNjr ngz;fspd; fy;tp epiyahdJ 10 tPjkhfTk;, njhluhf xNu kl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; cau; fy;tpia njhlu;e;j K];ypk; ngz;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;yhky; jkJ fy;tpia tpl;Lk; ,iltpyfp nfhz;lJld;. ,d;Dk; rpyu; gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;yhky; fiyf;fy;Y}upfSf;F nrd;wjidAk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;syhk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; 2008 Mk; Mz;lstpy; mjpfkhd ngz; khztpfs; gy;fiyf;fofk; njupthfp ,Ug;gpDk; ,jid njhlu;e;J te;j 2009 kw;Wk; 2010 Mfpa fhyg;gFjpfspy; gy;fiyf;fofk; njupthNdhupd; vz;zpf;if FiwthFk;.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015

0 1 2 3 4 5

1990

1992

2002

2007

2009 peradeniya

colombo

oluvil

batticolo

jaffna


866

gy;fiyf;fofk; nrd;Nwhupd; tpguf;Nfhl;Lg;glk; 1990-2010

,f;Nfhl;L;g; glk; %yk; Fiwe;Js;sjid vLj;jJf; fhl;LfpwJ. 2008 Mk; Mz;lstpy; cau; fy;tp ngUk; K];ypk; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ $b kPz;Lk; 2009 Mk; Mz;lstpy; XNu mstpy; gy;fiyf;fofk; njupthfpAs;sjid Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,Nj Nghd;W 1990 njhlf;fk; 2006 tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapDs; fiyf;fy;Y}up njupthNdhupd; vz;zpf;ifAk; ,g;gpuNjr ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpapid vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ.

0

2

4

6

peradeniya

colombo

oluvil

batticolo

jaffna

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

5


867

fiyf;fy;Y}up njupthdtu;fs; 1990 Kjy; 2015 tiu

,e;j tiug;glj;jpd; %yk; 1990 Kjy; 2006 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapDs; ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpg; gbtkhdJ Kd;Ndw;wkile;Jf; fhzg;gltpy;iy. 1990 Kjy; 2006 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fiyf;fy;;Yhp EioT xNu

kl;lj;jpy; mjhtJ 50% khf fhzg;gl;lJ. ,g;gpuNjr ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpahdJ gpd;dilitf; fz;bUg;gpDk; gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; XusT tsu;r;rpiaf; fz;L kPz;Lk; gpd;dilitf; fz;L kPz;Lk; tsu;r;rp fz;L tUfpd;wJ.

,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs; ,g;gpuNjr ghlrhiyfspy; kl;Lkd;wp ntspaplq;fspSk; nrd;W fy;tp fw;W tUtjidf; fhzyhk;. vt;thnwdpd; f.ngh.j rhjhuz ju guPl;irapd; Kd;dUk; gpd;dUk; mwGf; fy;Y}upfSf;F nrd;W gy;fiyf;fofk; nrd;Ws;sjidf; fhzyhk;. kl;Lkd;wp fy;tpapid kl;Lk; fw;W tUk; Nehf;fpy; nrd;W fy;tp fw;W tUtjidf; fhzyhk;. 100: 20 vDk; tpfpjj;jpy; fh.ngh.j rhjuzj;juj;jpd; gpd;du; ntspg;ghlrhiyfspy; nrd;W fy;tp fw;Fk; khztpfSk; ,y;yhkypy;iy.

fDf;fba gpuNjrj;jpy; 1000 f;Fk; mjpfkhd K];ypk; ngz;fs;

tho;e;J tupDk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; 50% khfNt K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp mwpthdJ fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Ma;Tg;gpuNjrj;jpy; jw;NghJ cah;fy;tpapy; <LghL fhl;Lk; epiyapid gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapd; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.

fy;tp epiy

vz;zpf;if tPjk;

fh.ngh.j rhjhuz juk; 110 0.11% fh.ngh j cah; juk; 80 0.8% gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fw;Nghh; 60 0.6%

0

2

4

6


868

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fw;Nghh; 70 0.7% fiyf; fy;Y}hapy; fw;Nghh; 60 0.6% fiyf; fy;Y}hapy; fw;Nghh; 40 0.4%

Nkw; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s fy;tp r%fj;jpy; gpuNjr fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fis toq;fFtjw;F eltbf;iffs; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ FiwthFk;.

2007 njhlf;fk; 2014 tiuahd 08 tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpahdJ xusT tsh;r;rpf; fz;Ls;sjidf; fhzyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpahdJ fiyj;JiwAld; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjidf; fhzyhk;. ,th;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapid gy;fiyf;fof kw;Wk; fiyf;fy;Y}hp E}iotpDlhf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.

NkNyAs;s ml;ltizg;gb ghh;g;gpd; 2007 njhlf;fk; 2014 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk; njhpthd vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; midj;Jg;

fh.ngh.j rhjhuzjuk;

fh.ngh j cah; juk;

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;fw;Nghh;

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;fw;Nghh

fiyf; fy;Y}hapy;fw;Nghh

0

1

2

3

4

5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

jaffna

batticolo

oluvil

colombo

peradeniya


869

gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fk; njhpthfpAs;sjid jfty;fSlhf mwpe;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. 2007y; 02 khztpfSk; 2008y; 05 khztppfSk; njhpthfp kPz;Lk; Fiwtile;J 2011y; 08 khztpfs; gy;fiyf;fofk; njhpthfpAs;sjidf; fhzyhk;. mjd; gpd;duhd fhyg;gFjpapy; K];ypk; ngz;fspd; gy;fiyf;fof tsh;r;rpahdJ Fiwtila Muk;gpj;jJ. 2012 kw;Wk; 2014 k; Mz;lstpy; Fiwtile;Nj fhzg;gl;lJ.

,Nj Nghd;W 2007 njhlf;fk; 2014 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; fiyf;fy;Y}hp njhpthfpa jfty;fSk; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd. mj;juTfshtd

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l jfty;fspd;gb ghh;g;gpd; 2007, 2009, 2011 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs; fiyf;fy;Y}hpf;Fj; njhpT nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fiyf;fy;Y}hp njhpthdJ kpfTk; fPo; kl;lj;jpYk; kw;Wk; rkkhd kl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ghlrhiyahdJ fy;tpapy; rpwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gJ Fwpg;gpljf;f tplakhFk;. Mdhy; ,g;gpuNjr ghlrhiyapy; NtW gpuNjr khztpfSk; fy;tp fw;fpd;wdh; vd jfty;fs; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp kl;lk; rpwg;ghf fhzg;gbDk; ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpahdJ gpd; jq;fpa epiyapNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. xU rpy khztpfs; cah; fy;t;pid fw;f Kd; tupDk; mth;fs; midtUk; fiyj;Jiwapid kl;LNk njhpT nra;fpd;wdh;. kl;Lkd;wp ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fiyf;fy;Y}hpfSf;F njhpthfpapUg;gpDk; mth;fspy; rpyh; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fiyf;fy;Y}hpfSf;F nry;yhky; fy;tpapid tpl;L tpyfp jpUkzk; vDk; ge;jj;jpy; ,ize;Jf; nfhs;tjhf mwpf;ifapD}lhf fz;Lf; nfhs;syhk;.

fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tpapidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; rkfhyj;jpy; cah; juk; tiuapNyDk; fy;tpapidj; njhlh;fpd;wdh;. ,Ug;gpDk; xU rpyNu fy;tpapidg; G+uzkhf fy;tpapidj; njhlh;tjidf; fhzyhk;. mj;Jld; ,yFthd Jiwapid kl;LNk njhpTk; nra;fpd;wdh;. NkYk; VNjDk; xU njhopYf;fhNt fy;tpapid

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2007-2008 2009-2010 2011-2012 2013-2014


870

fw;gth;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. fDf;fba K];ypk; ngz;fs; jkJ fy;tp mwpit tpUj;jp nra;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Njly;fis Nkw;nfhs;tnjd;gJ FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd Ma;tpd; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.

rQ;rpif 77.6 gj;jphpif 80.8 njhiyf;fhl;rp 87.6 thndhyp 82.3 fye;Jiuahly; 35.2 mtjhdk; 27.6 ,d;lu;nel; 23.5

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,Jtiuf;Fk; ve;jnthU khztpAk; kUj;Jtk; kw;Wk; nghwpapay; gPlj;Jf;F njhpthf tpy;iy vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;. mj;Jld; xNunahU khztp 2010 k; Mz;lstpy; fiyj;Jiwapy; fw;W mjpfg;gbahd ntl;Lg;Gs;spapidg; ngw;W rl;lj;Jiwf;F njhpthfpaJk; Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;. NkYk; 2011 kw;Wk; 2012 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; gy;fiyf;fofk; njhpthfpa khztpfs; rpyh; fiyj;Jiwapidf; fw;whYk; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; NtW Jiw rhh;e;j ghlnewpfisf; fw;gjhf jfty;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk; ,g;gpuNjr ngw;Nwhh;fs; jkJ ngz;gps;isfs; NtW nkhopfspy; fw;gjid tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.

fh.ngh.j cah;juj;jpy; rpj;jpailAk; vz;zpf;ifahdJ 2009k; Mz;Lfis tpl jw;NghJ Fiwtile;Js;sjidf; fhzyhk;. 2015k; Mz;L rpj;jpaile;j khztpfSs; fDf;fba khztpfs; ,y;iyanad;gJ cz;ikahFk;. NkYk; ,g;gpuNjr khztpfs; 03 Ngh; ntspaplq;fspy; jkJ fy;tpapid njhlh;e;J gy;fiyf;fofk; nrd;Ws;sdh; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gpljf;f tplakhFk;. 1990 njhlf;fk; 2014 tiuahdf fhyg;gFjpapy %d;wpy; xU gq;F khztpfs; khh;f;ff; fy;tpapidf; fw;f Kd;

te;Js;sjidf; fhzyhk;. NkYk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; SLAS OFFICER, SLEAS

OFFICER,TECNITIONS,PRINCIPAL,CUSTOM OFFICER,SAMURTHI

OFFICER, AGRICULTER OFFICER, BANK MANAGERS Nghd;w

020406080

100


871

gjtpfSs; ngz;fs; ahUNk gjtp tfpf;ftpy;iy vd;gjid jfty;fs; Clhf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. kl;Lkd;wp ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; Mrphpahfshf gzpahw;Wk; rpyh; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fiyf;fy;Y}hpfspy; fw;W Njh;e;jth;fsy;y vd;gJk; cz;ikahFk;. ,t;thwhd xU R+oNy Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; fy;tpr; R+oyhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

MNyhrizAk; KbTiuAk;

,t;tha;thdJ fDf;fba gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp epiyj; njhlh;ghfTk,; mth;fspd; fy;tpapy; fiyj;Jiwj; jhf;fk; njhlh;ghfTk; Muha;fpd;wJ. ,t;tha;thdJ ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; ngz;fs; fy;tpapidf; fw;f xusT Kd; tupDk; mth;fs; midtUk; fiyj;Jiwia kl;LNk Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L fy;tpapid njhlh;fpd;wdh; vd;gjid njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ,g;gpuNjr K];ypk; kf;fs; kw;Wk; fw;Nwhh;fs; ,ize;J ,g;gpuNjr ngw;Nwhh;fSf;Fk; K];ypk; ngz;

khztpfSf;Fk; fy;tp njhlh;ghfTk;, Vida Jiwfs; njhlh;ghfTk; njspthd tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;JtjD}lhf vjph;fhyj;jpy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ngz;fspYk; gy Jiw rhh;e;jth;fSk;, epGzj;Jtk; ngw;wth;fSk; cUthf;fg;gLthh;fs; vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ikahFk;.

References

Books

1. mypahh; A+.y;, (1995), “fy;tpyay; Nehf;F”, igj;Jy; `pf;kh.

2. re;jpuNrfud;.Nrh, (2008), “rkfhy fy;tp Kiwfspy; rpy

gupkhdq;fs;”, NrkkL nghj;jfrhiy

3. re;jpuNrfud;.g, (2011), “fy;tpj; jj;Jtk;”,; Fkud; gjpg;gfk;

4. ]th`pu; nkh`kl; m]Pk,; “mGf;fhfk; K];ypk;fspd;

tuyhW”, IgPrp mr;rfk;.

5. `];Gy;yh v];.vr;, irGjPd; vd;.gP.vk;, (2008), “,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp (ngz; fy;tpAk;, cah; fy;tpAk;), K];ypk; ngz;fspd; Muha;r;rp nray; Kd;ddp.

6. Azeez.A.M.A, (2009),”Muslim Education in Sri lanka”, AJ Prints (pvt)

Ltd.

7. Palmer.A, (2004),”Fiffty Great Modern Thinkers on Education”, USB

Publisher.

8. Tony Bush and David Middlewood, (2005),”Leading and Managing

People in Education”, SAGE Publisher.

9. Rao.V.K, (2003),”Educational System”, Efficent Theories”, Efficent

Offset Printer.

10. Roshani Hashim, (2004),”Steps towards Islamization of knowladege”,

Muslim Youth Movement.


872

Magazines

1. Sunday, Obsever, 30th April 1995.

2. Veerakesary, 26th October 2007.

3. Thinakaran, 28th May 2009.

4. Nawamani, 27th December 2009.

5. Veerakesary, 10th September.

6. Veerakesary, 11th September.

7. ,khk; A+Rg; fu;shtp 2000 [dtup – khu;r; “ ,];yhkpa fy;tpg;

ghuk;gupak; (gioik thjj;jpw;Fk; GJikthjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; )” ,];yhkpa rpe;jid.

Research Articles

1. Arshiah Parween, (2013), “Challenging Sterotypes Educational

Aspirations of Emirati and Indian Muslim Women”.

2. A,al,Hibri, (1997), “ Islam Law and Custom, Redefining Muslim

Women’s Rights”

3. Brokfield.M, (2013), “The Impact of Education A case Study of Muslim

Women in Education”.

4. Farzaneh Khosrojerdi, (2015), “Muslim Female Students and Their

Experiences of Higher Education in Canada.”

5. Galloway S.D, (2014), “The Impact of Islam as a Religion and Muslim

Women Education.”

6. Hamdan A, (2005), “Women and Education in Saudi Arabia challenges

and…”

7. Hameed Naseem Rafiabed, (2007), “Challenges to Religious and Islam:

A study of Muslim Movements.

8. Ilyas S.U, (2005), “The Challenges Faced by Muslim Female Education

and the…”

9. Liman MSH, (2001), “Muslim Women and Challenges of Western

Education.”

10. Shinde. S.V, (2002), “Educational Status of Muslim Women in India.”

Web Sites

1. http://www.Missionislam.com/knowledgeSri lanka.htm.

2. http://www.sailanmuslim.com/news/Muslim-and-Sinhalese-

Longtimeeconomic-allies.

3. http://www.islamonline.net.

4. http://www.islamkalvi.net


873

5. .http://www.jaffnamuslim.com

6. http://www.allahuakbar.blogspot.com

7. http://dawahworld.com

8. http://www.islamiyapenmani.com

9. http://www.iniyaislam.com

10. http://www.whyislam.org

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