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The “Old Deal”
What did he want to do?
•Refused to create government programs until it was too late
•Let the business cycle take care of things
Children in one of the Bonus Army Camps
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The Bonus Army 1932
•25,000 WWI veteransWho?
•Marched to Washington D.C. to get a $ bonus they were supposed to get in 1945
What?
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The Election of 1932
•Roosevelt offers a “New Deal” for America
•Roosevelt wins with 60% of the vote
What?
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FDR’s campaign song:
“Happy days are here again,
The skies above are clear again
Let us sing a song of cheer again
Happy days are here again.”
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Roosevelt’s New Deal
What?•Programs meant to help the country by getting the government involved in the economy
1. Relief - help people out in the short term
2. Recovery - get the economy back on its feet
3. Reform - keep this from everyhappening again
Meant to do 3 things
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Bank Holiday - First Step
Why?
•Many banks had failed, wiping out families’ savings
•People lost confidence in the banks
Depositors Congregate Outside Closed Bank
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Next Step - “Alphabet Soup”
•In the first 100 days of his administration Roosevelt passes tons of legislation
Hundred Days
•The agencies he creates (like AAA, CCC, TVA, FERA, FDIC)
Alphabet Soup
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Next Step - “Alphabet Soup”
•Insurance for the $ you put in banks
FDIC - Federal Depositors Insurance Corp.
•Protected people’s savings
Bank Employee Checks Depositor's Account
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His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
What?
Why?
•Increase the # of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 15•Kept declaring his programs unconstitutional (including NRA, AAA, SEC, etc.)
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His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
Results? •Public grew
angry (FDR taking too much power)
•FDR passed much less legislation after this
Supreme Court Exterior
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Other Critics•Demagogues – leaders who manipulate people with half truths.
•Father Charles Coughlin• Radio Priest – radio show reaching
10 million• Originally supported FDR and New
Deal• 1934 - National Union for Social
Justice• Called FDR “Franklin “Double
Crossing” Roosevelt and a “betrayer and liar”
• Coughlins ideas were reckless• 1942 ordered by Catholic Church
to stop broadcasting show.
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More Critics•Huey Long
• US Senator from Louisiana• “Redistribution of Wealth”
• Only could make up to 1 million dollars• The rest would be collected by
government and “redistributed” to give every American family a minimum “household estate” of $5000 dollars and minimum income of $2500 dollars.
• Also called for:• Shorter working hours, more vet benefits,
education payments and pensions for elderly.
•Dr. Francis Townsend• Wanted more done for older Americans in
the New Deal.• Americans specifically 60 and over
(pension plans)
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A Political Partnership
Franklin Roosevelt
Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and confidence
An effective communicator (ex. fireside chats)
A reform-minded Democrat
Believed the government could solve economic and social problems
Eleanor Roosevelt
“Eyes and ears” of her husband
Directed efforts to solve several major social issues (ex. lynching of African Americans)
Wrote her own newspaper column
Had the trust and affection of many Americans
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Eleanor Roosevelt
The Marines I have seen around the world have the cleanest bodies, the filthiest minds, the highest morale, and the lowest morals of any group of animals I have ever seen. Thank God for the United States Marine Corps! Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States, 1945
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The New Deal - Pros and Cons
Pros•Restored optimism and hope to Americans
Cons•Did not really fix the depression
•Left the nation with much debt
•Provided necessary relief to many
•Left people too dependent on government (?)
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Questions: Why was FDR's administration labeled the "New Deal?" What were its three goals?
What sort of relationship did President Roosevelt develop with the press and the public?
What role did the radio play in Depression-era America?
What role did Mrs. Roosevelt play in her husband's administration?
Why did FDR engage in a series of "Fireside Chats" with the American people?