106
FDR’s New Deal
FDR’s New Deal
Public Works Administration (PWA)• Created June 1933
• Purposes: To provide jobs
To stimulate demand for materials
To construct long-lasting large-scale projects of social & economic worth
Public Works Administration (PWA) PWA granted 45% of
labor/material costs; remainder paid by localities/states
PWA also granted $$ to other fed. gov’t agencies
Over $6 billion granted for 34,000 projects nationally
Over $100 million for 922 projects in Texas
Types of PWA Work ProjectsBuildings (gov’t admin., schools, hospitals, libraries,
public housing, etc.)
Infrastructure (roads, bridges, tunnels, ports/harbors)
Water Reclamation (dams & hydro-electric plants)
Naval Vessels (aircraft carriers, battleships, etc.)
Municipal Sewers & water treatment plants
Golden Gate Bridge (S.F.)
Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Wash.)
Grand Coulee Dam (Wash.)
Hoover Dam (Ariz.-N.M.)
Lincoln Tunnel (N.Y.-N.J.)
Pennsylvania Turnpike
Chicago’s 1st Subway System
LSU Stadium & Orange Bowl
USS Yorktown
Port of Brownsville
Mansfield Dam (Lake Travis)
Slum Clearance/Public Housing (San Antonio)
Anson (Jones County) High School Auditorium
UT Main Building & Tower
Van Zandt County Courthouse (Canton)
John Peter Smith City-County Hospital (Ft. Worth)
Terminal & Hangar at Houston Municipal (Hobby) Airport
PWA Administrator Harold Ickes
Progressive Era reformer & veteran of Chicago politics
Obsessed with avoiding scandal
Meticulous oversight = slow, but steady progress (& criticism)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)• Created May 1935
• Primary Purpose: to provide jobs, jobs, jobs
• Employed 8 million in US; 600,000 Texans
• ¾ worked on construction projects (usually smaller scale than PWA)
•WPA paid about ¾ of costs
WPA Administrator Harry Hopkins• NYC social worker
• Unlike Ickes, favored quick start to projects & rapid infusion of wages to workers
San Francisco Zoo
Timberline Lodge, Mt. Hood (Oregon)
Restored Dock Street Theater (Charleston, SC)
Nat’l Guard Armory in Tishomingo, Okla.
Coronado Heights (Central Kansas)
Fraser Field (Lynn, Mass.)
Astoria Pool, largest in NYC
Camp David, Maryland
Possum Kingdom Arch Bridge (Palo Pinto County)
Houston City Hall
Ft. Worth Botanic Gardens
Dallas & San Antonio Zoo improvement
Dealey Plaza in Dallas
Will Rogers Memorial Center (Ft. Worth)
Art Deco Buildings & Lagoon in Fair Park (Dallas)
San Jacinto Battlefield Monument
Corps of Cadets Dorms at Texas A&M
WPA Gym in Plano (now the Courtyard Theater)
Mt. Pleasant Country Club (Titus County)
Robertson Stadium (Univ. of Houston)
WPA: Non-construction work
• ¼ of WPA workers performed non-construction work
WPA arts projects
Other projects not as well known
WPA Theater Project
WPA Writers’ Project
WPA Music Project: Concerts
WPA Music Project: Music Classes
WPA Art Project: Exhibitions
WPA Art Project: Art Classes
Post Office Murals (not WPA)
WPA Archeology Project
WPA Archeology Processing Lab at UT
WPA Day Care Facilities
WPA Archive & Bookbinding Projects
WPA Library Project: Bookmobiles
WPA Library Project: Audio Books for the Blind
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)• Created in March 1933,
strongly supported by FDR
• Purpose: to conserve the nation’s natural & human resources
• 2.5 million men ages 18-25 (50,000 in TX), served in 3000 camps
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)• Multiple agencies involved:
Labor Dept. for recruitment
US Army to house & feed enrollees in work camps
Depts. of Interior & Agriculture to oversee work projects in parks & forests
Building an Ohio State Park road, 1936
Bridge at Coronado Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)
Dam in White River Nat’l Forest (Col.)
Campground in Tonto Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)
Campsite Gazebo at Whitman Nat’l Forest (Ore.)
Bathhouse in Teton Nat’l Forest (Wyo.)
Restroom Facility at Fishlake Nat’l Forest (Utah)
Campground Cabin at Willamette Nat’l Forest (Ore.)
Painted Desert Inn at Petrified Forest Nat’l Park (Ariz.)
Ranger Station at Yosemite (Calif.)
Red Rocks Amphitheater (outside Denver)
“Amphitheater” at Sabine Nat’l Forest
Pavilions at Angelina & Davy Crockett Nat’l Forests
Access Roads at Big Bend Nat’l Park
Cabins & Refectory at Garner State Park
Dam & Refectory at Huntsville State Park
Swimming Pool & Rec Hallat Abilene State Park
Structures & Swimming Pool at Bastrop State Park
Water Tower at Mother Neff State Park
White Rock Lake (Dallas)
Indian Lodge in Davis Mountains State Park
Longhorn Cavern State Park
Longhorn Cavern State Park
Mission Excavation/Restoration: Goliad
Planting Millions of Trees & Fighting Forest Fires
National Youth Administration (NYA)
•Created May 1935•Open to male & female youth
•Purpose #1:
To provide part-time jobs for 2 million high school & college students (175k in TX)
Texas NYA Administrator Lyndon Johnson
NYA Library Assistance
NYA Office Work at a High School
NYA Teacher Assistance
NYA Dance Class in San Marcos
NYA Athletic Instruction
National Youth Administration (NYA)
Purpose #2: To aid 2.5 million out-of-school youth aided through various work programs (75k in TX)
Aid = wages + skills training
La Villita (San Antonio)
La Villita (San Antonio)
La Villita (San Antonio)
Replica Log Cabin at the Witte Museum (San Antonio)
San Benito (Cameron County) Public Library
Little Chapel in the Woods at Texas Woman’s University
NYA Roadside Park in Newton County
Mixing Cement at an NYA Work Center
NYA Machine Shop Training
War Factory Training in Corpus Christi
