Feasibility report about : Steam Power Plant

7/28/2019 Feasibility report about : Steam Power Plant

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Project Feasibility ReportProject Name: Steam Power Plant Date:10-05-1012

Project Number: 11234

Prepared by : FAHEEM ABBAS(09-ECT-13)

& UMAR FAROOQ(09-ECT-19)

Criteria of the report:

Introduction

Briefings

Area allocated & infrastructure

Threats

Cost and investment

Human Resource

Conclusions


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Power plant architectural view (industrial Project)

Introduction

Electric power generation with steam at the individual household level is making acomeback. At the commercial power plant level, it never left. Even nuclear power plants

run on steam.

What is new is the fairly recent phenomenon of household-size steam power units forstandby power generation. Unfortunately, most people today have no idea how a steamengine works or the things you have to keep in mind when setting up a home steampower system.

The easiest way to deal with a technology unfamiliar to you is to introduce one conceptat a time. Lets introduce the basic concept or outline and then go back and flesh out thedetails.

A home steam system consists of a boiler with a furnace to turn water to steam, asteam engine to convert the steam energy to rotary motion to drive a generator, and asystem to re-circulate the water once the steam has turned back into water. During there-circulation of the water utilizing the exhaust steam heat (providing hot water and/orheating the home itself) increases the efficiency of the system. The design of a homesteam system is dictated by the circumstances of the home where it will be installed and

the fuel available.


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Briefings:Construction of steam power plant that will generate 17MW .purpose behind to maintain the

electric supply in the absence of main supply in order to get rid of industrial losses &production .That will not only run only in the absence of main supply but also will be sinked

with wapda in such a way that maximum utilization through the planned power plant can be

obtained. This will reduce the pay cost of electricity bells and will increase the annual productionas well.

Totally based on cyclic process .The only plant that repeats generation through using waste

material as here the case of suction of expelled gases into the boiler

Necessary automation will be clearly defined to reduce the error to make the project feasible inmarket.

Land & infrastructure

Room for machineryConsidering lots of aspect into account ,a need of land for building up project is the initial

stage .when has to construct a power plant ,there is requirement of minimum 30 to 40 canals ofland for electricity generation main plant machinery


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including turbine ,condensers ,generators.

Plant distribution part

Basically plant is distributed into two parts ,water development and steam generation and

distribution part .In above shown diagram view of a land needed to build both parts.

Central control roomIn addition to these central control room has to built for operating purposes and there will be

requirement of 5 canals for central rooms including engineering station & operating station as

well. In turn necessarily operators will be required who will be continuously monitoring the plant

parameters and process variables.


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No issue of cost for land required for central control room and other purposes

because organization has taken personal honour ship.

Water development & storage cottage should be there because water is essential source in power

generation and it is used for cooling purposes so a vital need of land for water site so 10 canals

land for this purpose will take the part.

Extra land for pipeline setup as power plant will be built outside of main production plant sopipeline from production plant where gases are sucked to the boilers and inturn till the power

plant at the start of turbine.

Area require for grid station will be wide enough to cover whole installation and transmissioninsulations including arresters & towers.

ThreatsHigh oil prices, growing concerns over energy security, and the threat of climate change have all

stimulated investment in the development of alternatives to conventional oil.

Lack of water resources is the basic problem everywhereThe amount of water usage is often of great concern for electricity generating systems aspopulations increase and droughts become a concern. Thermoelectric power generation accounts for only3.3 percent of net freshwater consumption with over 80 percent going to irrigation. Likely future

trends inWater consumption are covered here.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation


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WATER USAGEgal/MW-h

Power source Low case Medium/Average case High case

Nuclear power400 (once-through

cooling)

400 to 720 (pond

cooling)720 (cooling towers)

Coal 300 480

Natural gas100 (once-through

cycle)

180 (with cooling

towers)

Hydroelectricit

y1,430

Solar thermal 1,060

Geothermal 1,800 4,000

The environmental impact

The environmental impact of electricity generation is significant because modern society uses

large amounts of electrical power. This power is normally generated at power plants that convert

some other kind of energy into electrical power. Each system has advantages and disadvantages, but many of them pose environmental concerns
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal


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Fuel consumptionNow a days the oil prices are growing up and up day by day. Its challenging situation in power

generation market to stay with less fuel consumption but we have to deal with it .

Scalability and TimingConstruction of equipment and manufacturing processes for its production, output grows in astepwise function only as new capacity comes online, which in turn is reliant on timely

procurement of the input energy and other required input materials. This difference between

production of alternative energy and extraction of fossil fuels can result in markedconstraints on the ability to increase the production of an alternative energy source as it is

needed.

Capacity factorOne indication of intermittency challenges in electric power generation is the capacity factor, or

the average percentage of time in a year that a power plant is producing at full rated capacity. Asshown in table 18.2, photovoltaic systems produce at full capacity only 12 to 19 percent of the

time over the course of a year, compared to an average of 30 percent for wind systems. In

contrast, a coal-thermal plant will typically run at full capacity 70 to 90 percent of the time,while nuclear power operates at over a 90 percent capacity factor in the United States.


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Machinery requirement & cost

Name Costo Turbine 80lac/-

o Generators 10lac/-

o Motors 3.5lac/-

o Boilers 80,000/-

o Transformers(CTs & PTs) 60lac /-

o Automation equipments 15lac /-

o Condensers 5lac/-

Turbineis very first part of power generation machineryOn the wings of turbine steam falls & in turn rotates .

Cost varies with rpm(revolution per minute ) and power generated per kilo hour as well


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Its cost is 80lac

Generatorconverts mechanical energy into electrical energy . Possible sources of mechanicalenergy include steam engines, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal

combustion engine, a hand crank, a wind turbine compressed air solar energy and many others.Possible sources of mechanical energy include steam engines, water falling through a turbine or

waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a hand crank, a wind turbine, compressed air solar

energy, and many others.Costing 10lac as well.

.

Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state,

typically by cooling it.

In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condensercoolant. Condensers are typically heat exchangers which have various designs and come in many

sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large industrial-scale units used in plantprocesses. Its cost is 5lac / Piece that is for industrial refrigeration .

Condensation action requires more and more water and there should be water storage towers

and indeed pumps and motors requirement for suction and supplication of water to thecondensers .

Transformers and grid installationA transformer is an electrical device that takes electricity of one voltage and changes it into

another voltage. You'll see transformers at the top of utility poles and even changing the voltagein a toy train set.


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Transformers on the Electrical Grid

Let's look at the electricity that comes to your home. When electricity moves

from a power plant it is put into a very high voltage to be able to travel longdistances. The high voltage lines can be as high 155,000 to 765,000 volts to

travel man. Basically on industrial level we are in a need to step up or step

down the voltages for meeting the desired need.

. If we talk about the cost of grid station both transformer and transmissionlines from grid to plant will be required .Approximated cost as for as grid

installation is concerned will be 60lac

Automation on plantStarting system provides the initial momentum for the Gas Turbine to reach the operating speed.This is similar to the starter motor of your car. The gas turbine in a power plant runs at 3000

RPM (for the 50 Hz grid - 3600 RPM for the 60 Hz grid). During starting the speed has to reach

at least 60 % for the turbine to work on its on inertia. The simple method is to have a startermotor with a torque converter to bring the heavy mass of the turbine to the required speed. For

large turbines this means a big capacity motor. The latest trend is to use the generator itself as the

starter motor with suitable electrics. In situations where there is no other start up poweravailable, like a ship or an off-shore platform or a remote location, a small diesel or gas engine is

used.Motors and other electronic instrumentation are not as cost effective as turbine and generatorsare.

The approximated cost of motors, pumps and instruments is 3.5lac.


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Human resourcesThose people who actually manages and operates whole plant.

Depending upon their designation organization has to pay salary to all of them.

Engineers in engineering station in ccr and operators in operating station in ccr ,most of staff willbe required for these stations rest of staff for the inspection of grid station and distribution lines

monitoring .

There will be requirement of extra cost for salary purposes of staff which has been shown below

Salary table

Staff Designation SalaryOperator JO(Junior officer) 10,000/-

Controlling AM 25,000/-

Inspection SS 8,000/-

Redundant JA 7,000/-


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Comparison between the steam power plant and other different sourcesof energy

Non-renewable

Renewable

Coal Gas Nuclear

Solar Wind Hydro-electric Geothermal

Efficiency 2 - 3 kWh/kg 4 - 5kWh/kg

45 - 50 000kWh/kg

comparativefigures notavailable




Cost (UScents/kWh)OECD 1998(exc.Japan)

2.5 4.5 2.3 4.7 2.5 4.1 12-20 5 comparativefigures notavailable


Cost effective yes yes yes comparativefigures notavailable

intermittent,cannot meetbase load

yes in a fewlocalities

Ability to meetbase loaddemand

yes yes yes no no yes no

Sourcereliability and

availability

good good good variable daily& weather

dependent

variable &weather

dependent

seasonaldependence

not manysuitable sites

Back-up power not needed not needed not needed needed needed needed needed

Export dollarsfor Australia(end of 2000)

$8.7 billion $1.9 billion $.367billion

some fromsale of

technology

some fromsale of

technology

some from sale oftechnology

unknown

Greenhousegas emission

1kg ofCO2/kWh

0.5kg ofCO2/kWh

none none none none none

Emissions toenvironment

NOx, SO2 NOx, SO2 steam nil nil nil nil

Other wastes ash, flyash 4milligramsofradioactivespentfuel/kWh

toxic wastefromproduction ofsolar panels

nil nil nil

Otherenvironmentalimpacts

extensivemining, majortransportation,acid rain

productionfacilities,pipelines,acid rain

limitedmining andassociatedtailingsstoragefacilities

on roofs can beunsightly,noisy, birdsfly into rotors

changes inecosystemsthrough damsflooding largeareas


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ConclusionThe steam power plant is efficient in providing power it works on cyclic process and through thisplant we can increase the annual production and can get rid of extra charges of wapda .

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Feasibility report about : Steam Power Plant

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