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Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System Joint UN Project Component on “Improvement of availability and reliability of regional statistics for decision-makers of the Republic of Moldova”
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Page 1: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU

NUTS statistical territorial classification

Strengthening the National Statistical System Joint UN Project 

Component on “Improvement of availability and reliability of regional statistics 

for decision-makers of the Republic of Moldova”

Page 2: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Content1. Framework of NUTS classification 

and EU best practices2. Situational analysis in Moldova3. Identification and of NUTS options4. Assessment of NUTS options5. Recommended TOP options

Page 3: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

I Framework of NUTS classification and EU best practices

Page 4: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

NUTS 3 in EU

Page 5: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Requirements for NUTS (1)Basic criteria• Administrative units - geographic area which operates under administrative authority that has 

the power to take administrative or policy decisions for that area•Population threshold - persons who have their usual residence in the particular area

Level Minimum Maximum

NUTS 1 3 million  7 million

NUTS 2 800 000  3 million

NUTS 3 150 000  800 000

Page 6: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Requirements for NUTS (2)• If for a given level of NUTS  no 

administrative units of a suitable scale exist, this level shall be constituted by existing smalles administrative units

• Non-administrative units may devite from population treshold becouse of particual geografical, socio-economic, historical, cultura or enviromental circumstances

Page 7: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Case studies• New member states - Baltic countries (Latvia, Estonia, 

Lithuania)• Similar by size and population• EX-USSR countries (only member states of EU as ex-USSR) • Also have boarder regions with Russian speaking minority

• Older member states – Ireland and  Denmark• Similar by size and population• Ireland – fastest growth after joining EU• Denmark – have made several administrative reforms

Page 8: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Denmark (population 5 627 235; area 42 915)

• Exceptions• NUTS 2  - Nordjylland 581 057 (also defined as NUTS 3 one 

regions)• NUTS 3 – Bornholm 40 305 

Page 9: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Ireland (population 5 627 235; area 42 915)

• Exception – Dublin is bigger in terms of population (1.2 million) than any other NUTS 3 regions of Ireland. 

• NUTS 2 – devided only in two regions 

Page 10: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Lithuania (population 2 944 459; area 42 915)

• NUTS 2 as whole country, but theoretically as largest country in Baltics  with two similar cities could form  two NUTS 2 regions

• Exceptions in NUTS 3  -  four regions doesn't meet criteria (104-149 000)

Page 11: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Estonia (population 1 315 819; area 45 227)

• NUTS 2 as whole country• Exceptions – two regions doesn't meet criteria (128 – 147 000) 

Page 12: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Latvia (population 2 023 825; area 64 573)

• NUTS 2 – whole country• Latvia has FIVE planning regions (SIX NUTS 3) -  Riga 

municipality and Pieriga ( “surrounding” region) are part of one Riga Planning regions (consist of two NUTS 3 regions)

• Only Latvia don’t have any exceptions

Page 13: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Use of NUTS regions

• EU fund’s planning • NUTS 2 Cohesion policy• NUTS 3 cross boarder cooperation

• Service planning

Page 14: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

│ 14

Cohesion policy

3 categoriesof regions

< 75 % of EU averageGDP/capita*

*index EU27=100

75-90 % > 90 %

Canarias

Guyane

Réunion

Guadeloupe/Martinique

Madeira

Açores

Malta

Less developed regions (182 bil. EUR)

Transition regions (35 bil. EUR)

More developed regions (54 bil. EUR)

Regional GDP figures: 2006-07-08© EuroGeographics Association for the administrative boundaries

│ 14

Page 15: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Difference in NUTS 2

*Cross borader cooperation is not included

• Whole country single  NUTS 2 region  (Baltic countries )

• Capital-regions are out of «Less-developed» category (PL, CZ, RO, HU, SL)

Page 16: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Cross border cooperation (1)

Page 17: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Cross boarder cooperation (2)• As larger regions as more population is counted in 

allocation• Baltic countries:

• Latvia and Estonia – all country is as eligible region for cross boarder

• Lithuania – Kaunas reg. is not cross boarder region (participate as «adjoining» region)

• Adjoining regions  - options for adjacent region means that no more than 20% of the Programme total eligible public funds will be granted to projects from this area

Page 18: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Planning of services (1)

Formation of regions (before 1997) Planning regions (2014)

Page 19: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Planning of services (2)

The Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlRegional Court

State Plant Protection Service State Labour Inspectorate

Page 20: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Planning of services (3)

The State Police of Latvia State Fire and Rescue Service

State Emergency Medical Service The State Land Service

Page 21: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

II Situational analysis in Moldova

Page 22: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Administrative divisions

• Moldova has in total 982 local administrative units

• Moldova does not have any regional administrative units as regions are not elected as local governments. 

Page 23: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Regions in Moldova• By the Law No. 438 of 

28.12.2006 on regional development there are six development regions: North, Center, South, ATU Gagauzia, Chisinau and Transnistria 

• RDA are for 3 functional regions

• Development regions are not administrative regions

Page 24: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Territorial approach in service planning

Page 25: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Other use of regional division

• Decentralization strategyoStrategy for educationoStrategy for social services

• Investment planning = territorial approach used in investment planningoEach ministry is planning the funding 

of investment activities by the territorial distribution of their services

Page 26: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Organization of statistics• Statistics is organized:o by 5 of 6 development regions (in conformity with the Law No. 

438 of 28.12.2006 on regional development of the Republic of Moldova);

o by districts/rayon (in conformity with the law No. 764 of 27.12.2001 on administrative and territorial division of the RM);

o by statistical regions (slightly different than regional development regions).

• Statistic of Tranistria is not included in NBS statistical organization - at this moment statistics about Transnistria is not collected by NBS.

Page 27: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

III Identification of NUTS options

Page 28: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Discussions with stakeholders•  Topics in discussions:

Use of current regional division in policy planning ( investment planning and  service planning)

 Possible expectations on  NUTS division and most appropriate models for NUTS regions

• Participants: Ministry of Regional Development and Construction, National Bureau of Statistics, GIZ,  State Chancellery, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy,  Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Transport and Road Infrastructure, Organisation for Development of SME,  Regional Development Agencies, Regional Development Councils and representatives of Gagauzia Region. 

Page 29: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

I Model – NUTS 2 whole country • NUTS 2 level: whole country• NUTS 3 level:

A.  5 regions – North, Centre, South,  Gagauzia, Transnistria;B.  6 regions – North, Centre, South, Chisinau, Gagauzia, 

Transnistria;C.  4 regions – North, Centre, South, Transnistria;D.  5 regions – North, Centre, South, Gagauzia, Chisinau;E.  3 regions – North, Centre, South;F.  4 regions – North, Centre, South, Chisinau;G. 11 regions - 9 ex-counties, Gagauzia and Transnistria.

Page 30: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

II Model - NUTS 2 consist of 3 regions• NUTS 2 level :3 regions  North, Centre, South  •  NUTS 3 level:  

A. 7 regions – North, Balti, Centre, Chisinau, South, Gagauzia, Transnistria

B. 6 regions – North, Balti, Centre, Chisinau , South, Gagauzia

Page 31: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Criteria for evaluation• Regional integration • Operational feasibility• EU funding benefits• Administrative Costs • Regional services • EC criterion on population for NUTS regions• Balanced urban development

Page 32: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

IV Assessment of NUTS options

Page 33: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

How to evaluate (1) ?

Page 34: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

How to evaluate (2) ?

Different criteria – different result

Page 35: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Unit of measurement

High 3 points

Medium 2 points

Low 1 point

+

0

-

Page 36: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Weight of criteria

Group of criteria and weights Evaluation Criteria ant weights

Political stability in regions

35%

Regional integration       15%

Operational feasibility   25%

EU funding benefits

25%EU funding benefits       25%

Implementation of options

35%

Administrative Costs     10%

Regional services          10%EC criterion on population for NUTS regions - 10%

Balanced urban development   5%

100% 100%

Page 37: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Comparable result – NUTS 2

Page 38: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Comparable result – NUTS 3

Page 39: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

V Recommended TOP options

Page 40: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

NUTS 2 – whole country

Evaluation of option

Regional integration

Operational  feasibility

EU funding and econ. benefits

Admin. costs

Regional services

EC criteria 

for NUTS regions

Balanced urban 

development

+ + + + - - +

Page 41: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

NUTS 2 – whole country

• Similar experience to Balic countries - whole country as one NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 region

Page 42: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

TOP options for NUTS 3

By the score of the criteria index there could be ranged TOP 3 options of regions at NUTS 3 level:• e) with 3 regions (value of all criteria index 2.2) • a) with 5 regions and c) with 4 regions (each of both have index 1.95). 

Page 43: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Option “E” with 3 regions – North, Centre, South

Evaluation of option

Regional integration

Operat. feasibility

EU funding 

and econ. benefits

Admin. costs

Regional services

EC criteria 

for NUTS regions

Balanc. urban devel.

+ - + + 0 - +

Page 44: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Option “A”  with 5 regions – North, Centre, South, Gagauzia, Transnistria

Evaluation of option

Regional integration

Operat. feasibility

EU funding 

and econ. 

benefits

Admin. costs

Regional services

EC criteria for NUTS regions

Balanc. urban devel.

- + 0 0 0 - -

Page 45: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Option “C”  with 5 regions – North, Centre, South, Transnistria

Evaluation of option

Regional integration

Operat. feasibility

EU funding and econ. benefits

Admin. costs

Regional services

EC criteria 

for NUTS regions

Balanc. urban devel.

0 0 0 + 0 - -

Page 46: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

TOP options for NUTS 3

• Major difference is in «understaning» Policical stability 

Page 47: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Compare of TOP 3 - EU funding

• Equal  potential allocation of EU funding – all 3 are best of all evaluated options

• Different number of municipalities in elagible regions – best options E with all Moldova

Page 48: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Compare of TOP 3 - NUTS population criteria

• All 3 have highest offsets beatween all evaluated options• The highset offset is for options «E» as thereticly it is possible to 

formulate  at least 2 NUTS 2 regions in place of Centre region

Page 49: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Compare of TOP 3 – administrative costs

• Smallest increase of costs for «E» (16% from base) and C (27% from base) – both in category of cheapest options

• Option «A»  has increas of 38% from base and is in medium category of costs

Page 50: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Compare of TOP 3 – economical advantage

• The most appropriate option is “E”, then comes “C” with “A”  as  they have limited amount of resources

• In «E»  main “driving” industries have better support with specialists as well as infrastructure

• Smaller regions:• Can’t be so flexible and have less chances to have 

fast shift on growing industry demand (especially Transnistria, as it tries to produce all specialists for itself)

• Has huge influence of TOP 10 largest companies• Has huge influence of public sector - regions 

limited competitiveness of private sector•  Can  compensate  lack of specialists by labour 

mobility. 

Drivers of region

TOP  sectors  and TOP  Companies  and FDI  investors 

in TOP  sectors

Resources

Business space (industrial areas), human resources

Page 51: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Overall recommendations• Short term (current year)

• Continue discussions with stakeholders in Moldova to choose the final option, considering a potential administrative territorial reform

• Start discussions with Eurostat and EC about implementation of NUTS regulation

• Medium term (next 3 years)• Prepare Moldova’s Government’s decision on implementation of NUTS 

regulation• Gradual adjustment of the planning of deconcentrated services and 

investments through application of a common approach on territorial units used (NUTS3 regions)

• Conduct reforms (including descentralisation) in accordance with national NUTS regions

• Long term (next 7 years)• Regional development programmes on NUTS 3 regions • Establishment of new Regional Development Agencies

Page 52: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Recommendations from statistics perspective• Short term (current year)• Initiation of the formal discussions with Eurostat and EC regarding the optimal option of the  NUTS 

National Statistical Classifier• Gradual harmonization of the regional statistics in compliance with EU requirements (continuous 

activity)

• Medium term (next 3 years)• The adjustment of the draft of the National NUTS Classification, given the results of the 2014 

Population and Housing Census• Obtaining the formal approval of the National NUTS Classification from part of Eurostat • Preparation and approval of the regulatory framework on the implementation of the NUTS 

Regulation in national statistics• Gradual integration of Transnistria’s statistics in the national statistics of Republic of Moldova• Gradual harmonization of regional statistics in compliance with EU requirements (continuous 

activity)• Assign a special role to NBS within the administrative-territorial reform process, through its 

mandatory consultation at the establishment of territorial division and size based on the population number of the future administrative units (following the discussions with Eurostat) 

• Long term (next 7 years)• Production of regional statistics in accordance with EU requirements to ensure the comparability 

with the EU member countries• Gradual integration of Transnistria’s statistics in the national statistics of Republic of Moldova 

Page 53: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Recommendations from regional development perspectiveShort term (current year)• Prioritization of regional development policy of RM to ensure its intra -ministerial character and 

its role in implementation of sector policies at regional level

Medium term (next 3 years)• Realization of the (potential) territorial administrative reform, which might influence the final 

shape of NUTS regions options for Moldova, being compliant with EC Regulation • The approval of NUTS 3 regions as territorial - administrative units would ensure a greater 

flexibility in the formation of these regions and their approval by Eurostat (following the discussions with Eurostat) 

Long term (next 7 years)• Elaboration of policy documents in regional development at NUTS 3 regions level • Identification of a new approach regarding the institutional framework creation• Identification of new selection methodologies of regional development projects, based on 

regions’ development needs study realization and not on the own local authorities’ initiatives • The development of institutional capacities of regional development institutions and 

modification of project implementation principle, so that RDA monitors the implementation of projects, and does not implement them directly

Page 54: Feasibility report on alignment of the Republic of Moldova to EU NUTS statistical territorial classification Strengthening the National Statistical System.

Thank You!


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