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Vali Bashiry 2Feb 12,2007
Plan of this talk Flavor Mesons (B, D, K) Unitarity triangle and New Physics B rare decays and B-> Bs mixing and Bs -> Future of flavor physics
Vali Bashiry 3Feb 12,2007
3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons
ee
Quarks
d
u
s
c
b
t
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
Vali Bashiry 4Feb 12,2007
3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons
ee
Quarks
d
u
s
c
b
t
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
s
c
Vali Bashiry 5Feb 12,2007
3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons
ee
Quarks
d
u
s
c
b
t
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
s
d c
u
Vali Bashiry 6Feb 12,2007
, , i
i i iLL R Ri
L
uQ u d
d
Quarks: Masses ?
Scalar Higgs field
1
2
Yukawa couplingHiggs-quarks
01
2 v
, M2 2
u uij iji j u
Y L R ij
Y v Y vL Q u
Interaction quarks-W
(charged currents):
†u u u udiagM V M V
†u dCKMV V V
from flavour tomass eigenstates
33 unitary matrix
† = 2 2
i j i u d jcc L L L i j L
g gL u d W u V V d W
From the Higgs to the CKM Matrix
SpontaneousSymmetry breaking
Vali Bashiry 7Feb 12,2007
2 3
2 2
3 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 1CKM
A i
V A
A i A
Wolfenstein Parameterization (expansion in ~ 0.2):
CKM
ud us ub
cd cs cb
td ts tb
V V V
V V V V
V V V
CPV phase
VCKM unitary and complex
4 real parameters . (3 angles and 1 phase)
2 6J A
* *Im 0ij k i kjJ V V V V * *Im 0ij k i kjJ V V V V
0 no CPV in SM
(phase invariant!)
Jarlskog 1985
Kobayashi, Maskawa 1973
“Explicit” CPV in SM, if: 3 ( )( )( ) / 0t c t u c u tF m m m m m m m 3' ( )( )( ) / 0b s b d s d bF m m m m m m m
non-degeneratemasses
Link between flavour and CP violation
The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
Vali Bashiry 8Feb 12,2007
ubV
B sector: K sector:
3 3 3
0ud ub cd cb td tbV V V V V V
A A A
Expect large CP-violating
effects in B-System
2 5
0
ud us cd cs td tsV V V V V V
A
0,0 0,1
η,ρ
ρ
η
Tree processes
Loop processes (mixing, ...)
New Physics?
tdV
The Unitarity Triangle
Vali Bashiry 9Feb 12,2007
Studying CP Violation in the B SystemStudying CP Violation in the B System
ATLAS
CLEO 3
?
1999
2008
2001
A Worldwide Effort:
BTEV
Vali Bashiry 10Feb 12,2007
B deacysTree level & Loop level (Penguin)
B->J/Ks
“tree”
B->Ks
“penguin”
Pure Leptonic
(B-> l+ l-, B-> l+ ,…) Hadronic
(B->J/yKs, B->Ks,….) Semileptonic
(B-> l+ l-, B->K l+ l-,….)
Vali Bashiry 11Feb 12,2007
The CKM Matrix: Impact of B Physics
ObservablesCKM
Parameters() Experimental SourcesTheoretical
UncertaintiesQuality
md (|Vtd|) (1–)2 + 2 BdBd f +f – + X, XRECOfBd
Bd
ms (|Vts|) A Bs f + + X = fBsBs/fBd
Bd
sin2 , Bd cc sd, ss sd small
sin2 , Bd +(+) – Strong phases, penguins
?
, B DK small
b u, Direct CPVStrong phases,
penguins?
|Vcb| A b cl (excl. / incl.) FD*(1) / OPE
|Vub| 2 + 2 b ul (excl. / incl.) Model / OPE
|Vtd| (1–)2 + 2 Bd Model (QCD FA) ?
|Vts| NPBd Xs (K()) ,
K() l+l– (FCNC)Model ?
|Vub|, fBd 2 + 2 B+ + fBd
() Observables may also depend on and A - not always explicitly noted
Vali Bashiry 12Feb 12,2007
The Golden Channel:
Single weak phase:
• clean extraction of CP phase
• no CPV in decay:
0 0, ,/ /( ) sin(2 ) sin( )
dS L S LBJ K J K
A t m t
0
,/1
S LJ K
* * *
* * *
2iβe
tb td cb cs cd cs
tb td cb cs cd cs
V V V V V Vq A
p A V V V V V V
*cbV
csVb
d
c
d
c
s
0 0,, / S LB B J K
b
cs
d d
ct,c,ug
Tree DiagramPenguin
* *u t c tus ub cs cbA V V P P V V T P P
4 2(negligible)
Vali Bashiry 13Feb 12,2007
Standard Inputs
|Vud| 0.97394 0.00089 neutron & nuclear decay|Vus| 0.2200 0.0025 K l|Vcd| 0.224 0.014 dimuon production: N (DIS)|Vcs| 0.969 0.058 W XcX (OPAL)|Vub| (4.09 0.61 0.42) 10–3 LEP inclusive|Vub| (4.08 0.56 0.40) 10–3 CLEO inclusive & moments bs|Vub| (3.25 0.29 0.55) 10–3 CLEO exclusive
product of likelihoods for |Vub|
|Vcb| (40.4 1.3 0.9) 10–3 Excl./Incl.+CLEO Moment Analysis K (2.271 0.017) 10–3 PDG 2000md (0.496 0.007) ps–1 BABAR,Belle,CDF,LEP,SLD (2002)ms Amplitude Spectrum’02 LEP, SLD, CDF (2002)sin2 0.734 0.054 WA, ICHEP 02mt(MS) (166 5) GeV/c2 CDF, D0, PDG 2000fBdBd (230 28 28) MeV Lattice 2000 1.16 0.03 0.05 Lattice 2000BK 0.87 0.06 0.13 Lattice 2000
|Vud| 0.97394 0.00089 neutron & nuclear decay|Vus| 0.2200 0.0025 K l|Vcd| 0.224 0.014 dimuon production: N (DIS)|Vcs| 0.969 0.058 W XcX (OPAL)|Vub| (4.09 0.61 0.42) 10–3 LEP inclusive|Vub| (4.08 0.56 0.40) 10–3 CLEO inclusive & moments bs|Vub| (3.25 0.29 0.55) 10–3 CLEO exclusive
product of likelihoods for |Vub|
|Vcb| (40.4 1.3 0.9) 10–3 Excl./Incl.+CLEO Moment Analysis K (2.271 0.017) 10–3 PDG 2000md (0.496 0.007) ps–1 BABAR,Belle,CDF,LEP,SLD (2002)ms Amplitude Spectrum’02 LEP, SLD, CDF (2002)sin2 0.734 0.054 WA, ICHEP 02mt(MS) (166 5) GeV/c2 CDF, D0, PDG 2000fBdBd (230 28 28) MeV Lattice 2000 1.16 0.03 0.05 Lattice 2000BK 0.87 0.06 0.13 Lattice 2000
Tre
e p
roc
es
s
n
o N
ew
Ph
ys
ics
Sta
nd
ard
CK
M f
it i
n
ha
nd
of
latt
ice
QC
D
+ other parameters with less relevant errors…
status: ICHEP’02
Vali Bashiry 14Feb 12,2007
CP violation and quark flavor mixing
CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery.
Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation.
Vali Bashiry 15Feb 12,2007
In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->d
LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects.
There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained.
Vali Bashiry 16Feb 12,2007
Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row
Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48, KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years.
The CKM unitarity is now satisfied with ~1.
A proposal of Vus from decay
Vud from neutron life-time and A-asymmetry.
Nucleardecay B decay K decay
Vali Bashiry 17Feb 12,2007
Unitarity triangle
mBd, mBs/mBd,
b->u transition
B(B->)/B(B->K*)
B(K0->0)B(K+ -> +)
K
CP asymmetries in bccs modes.CP asymmetries in BCP asymmetriesin BDK, etc.()/(2): CP asymmetry in BD, etc
Angle determination
Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the anglesand lengths of the unitarity triangle.
Vali Bashiry 18Feb 12,2007
The unitarity triangle: a year ago
Already many observablequantities are over-constrainingthe unitarity triangle.
Vali Bashiry 19Feb 12,2007
Is this enough?Not, to study New Physics effects.In order to disentangle new physicseffects, we should first determine CKMparameters by “tree-level” processes.
Fit from tree level processes
We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics.Improvement of is essential.
|Vub|,
Bd mixing and CP asymmetries
eK and B(K)
Bs mixing and CP asymmetries
+
+
+
Pre-ICHEP 06
Vali Bashiry 20Feb 12,2007
CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processesSummer 2005
“sin “ is the same in the SM Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk
Time-dependent CP asymmetry
(Dominant decay diagrams)B->J/Ks
“tree”
B->Ks
New phase (ex SUSY)“penguin”
Vali Bashiry 21Feb 12,2007
Recent theoretical calculations on S= sin(21eff)-sin(21) There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries b
etween penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory).
Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B toKs and ’Ks modes in the Standard Model.
S(0Ks)
S(’Ks
S(Ks)
SCET
Williamson-Zupan
QCDF
Buchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz
QCDF
Beneke
QCDF+FSI
Cheng-Chua-Soni
Vali Bashiry 22Feb 12,2007
Rare B decays There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects. Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables.
Inclusive and exclusive b->s Inclusive and exclusive b->dInclusive and exclusive b->sll
1. Direct CP violation in b->sd
2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*Ks0
3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetryin b ->sll.
(New phase)
(Right-handed photon operator)
Vali Bashiry 23Feb 12,2007
B
K*
l+
l-
Many recent theoretical developments are reported.
• Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth)• Inclusive b->ul, b->sB->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann)• B->K in SCET.(S.Jaeger) • Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*, Ks0. Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol)• Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l-
QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel) SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu)
A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu
Vali Bashiry 24Feb 12,2007
Tauonic B decayThe Belle result of the B branching ratio.
This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tan case
H-b
u
Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on
=> R.Barlow’s talk
b
u
W
439.056.046.049.0 10)79.1()(BF
B (Preliminary)
Vali Bashiry 25Feb 12,2007
B(b->) vs. B(b->c) and B(B->D) Related modes are inclusive and exclusive proces
ses on b->c . Inclusive B(b->c) was measured at LEP
Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995
B(B->)
B(B->D)/B(B->D)
Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary. H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O
LEP
Belle ICHEP06Constraint on “r” in 2HDM.B(b->c)/B(b->ce)
Vali Bashiry 26Feb 12,2007
Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC
•The parameter region coveredby B decays and the charged Higgs production overlaps.•If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings.
B-> H-b-u coupling B->D H-b-c couplinggb->tH: H-b-t coupling
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
Belle B->excluded region(95.5%CL)
Hb
t
t
g
SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality.
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
Vali Bashiry 27Feb 12,2007
Bs physics
This is a year of the Bs mixing.
Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass difference: (ms/md~40) Sizable life-time difference: s/s ~0(10%) Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM.
Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz
If new physics effects induce a CP phase inthe Bs mixing amplitude:
Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/(S)<SM) Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and S.
Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.PerezS
ASL
Vali Bashiry 28Feb 12,2007
Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY
•Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons. •Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions.•Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix.
Vali Bashiry 29Feb 12,2007
SUSY GUT and Bs mixing
SM
T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003
B() vs. ms/md in SUSY GUT
B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147
SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino
Vali Bashiry 30Feb 12,2007
Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model
•Little Higgs model : a model with a composite Higgs boson.
•New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. •The mass of these particles are around 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”.
•The lightest T-odd particle is a dark mattercandidate.
~10 TeV, new strong dynamics
~ 1TeV
WH, ZH, ij, uH,dH
AH
T+,T-
~200 GeV
A Higgs boson and SM particles
Particle content of the littlestHiggs model with T parity.
N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002
C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003
Vali Bashiry 31Feb 12,2007
Flavor signals of T-odd fermionsT-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions
Three flavor mixing matrixesTwo are independent.
d
u
W
VCKM
u
qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHu
d
qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHd
A new flavor mixing matrix can generatevarious patterns of deviation from the SM.
M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler
J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz
Vali Bashiry 32Feb 12,2007
Bsand SUSY SUSY loop corrections can enhance B
(Bs->) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan .
Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects
sb
The discovery regionof a neutral Higgs bosonthrough pp->b0->bat LHC and the discovery region of Bs-> atTevatron and LHC overlap.
C.Kao and Y.Wang
Vali Bashiry 33Feb 12,2007
Future of Kaon phyiscs
New limit2.1X10-7
(KEK E391)based on1/10 of Run I data
K0->0
A.Ceccuci
M.Doroshenko K
L KEK E391=> JPARC JPARC-P14
K CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3)
JPARC-P09 Transverse polarisation in K (T-Violation )
JPARC-P06 Other Initiatives:
DANAE (Frascati) OKA (Protvino)
65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year
Vali Bashiry 34Feb 12,2007
B physics at LHC
LHCb 2fb-1 T.Ruf
ATLAS T.Sivoklokov
CMS U.Langenegger
Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and B->K* measurements, etc.
Vali Bashiry 35Feb 12,2007
Super B factory
5/ab 50/ab
In many aspects asymmetric B factoriesare complementary toB physics in hadron machine (unique forneutrino and tau modes)
Super KEK LoI
Current Belle+BaBar integratedluminosity: L(now)~1/ab
5X L(now) 50X L(now)
Vali Bashiry 36Feb 12,2007
Pattern of New Physics effects
SUSY
Large Extra Dimensionmodel
Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction.Correlation with other physics observables.
2003 SLAC WS Proceedings
Vali Bashiry 37Feb 12,2007
Summary
B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results.
Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics.
All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era.