ISSN 0036-8075 February 1983 Volume 210, No. 4587 LETTERS Toxic Effects of Interferon: R. R. Oldham; Nuclear Plant Safety: D. H. Roy; E. Marshall; Academic Economics Continued: W. Leontief; Sheep Deaths in Utah: W. J. Bair et al.; R. J. Smith ...................................... EDITORIAL Censorship, Soviet Style. ARTICLES Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants: F. M. Pipkin and R. C. Ritter ........................................................... Micronesian Prehistory: An Archeological Overview: J. L. Craib................ Understanding Nonrenewable Resource Supply Behavior: D. R. Bohi and M. A. Toman......................................................... NEWS AND COMMENT RESEARCH NEWS Technology and Cycles of Boom and Bust .................................... Weapons Proposal Stirs Disquiet at Stanford.................................. Fraud Inquiry Spreads Blame ............................................... Briefing: Fredrickson to Be VP of Hughes Institute; Biotech Firm Biogen Is Going Public; In Vino, Veritas; Animal Welfare Bills on Legislators' Agenda; The Growing Corporate Role in University Budgets .................................................. Math Archive in Disarray................................................... Clues to Alzheimer's Disease Emerge ........................................ Deep-Sea Drilling Rescued by a New Option................................ A New Picture of Surfaces Begins to Emerge ................................. Preliminary Program; Meeting Information; Advance Registration and Hotel Reservations Forms; Travel Information.................................. 933 936 937 938 940 941 / 942 944 ANNUAL MEETING 948 902 911 913 922 927
Transcript
ISSN 0036-8075
February 1983Volume 210, No. 4587
LETTERS Toxic Effects of Interferon: R. R. Oldham; Nuclear Plant Safety: D. H. Roy;E. Marshall; Academic Economics Continued: W. Leontief; Sheep Deaths inUtah: W. J. Bair et al.; R. J. Smith ......................................
EDITORIAL Censorship, Soviet Style.
ARTICLES Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants: F. M. Pipkin andR. C. Ritter ...........................................................
Micronesian Prehistory: An Archeological Overview: J. L. Craib................
Understanding Nonrenewable Resource Supply Behavior: D. R. Bohi andM. A. Toman.........................................................
NEWS AND COMMENT
RESEARCH NEWS
Technology and Cycles of Boom and Bust ....................................
Weapons Proposal Stirs Disquiet at Stanford..................................
Briefing: Fredrickson to Be VP of Hughes Institute; Biotech FirmBiogen Is Going Public; In Vino, Veritas; AnimalWelfare Bills on Legislators' Agenda; The Growing Corporate Rolein University Budgets ..................................................
Math Archive in Disarray...................................................
Clues to Alzheimer's Disease Emerge ........................................
Deep-Sea Drilling Rescued by a New Option................................
A New Picture of Surfaces Begins to Emerge .................................
BOOK REVIEWs Beyond Separate Spheres, reviewed by H. Cravens; The Road to Jaramillo,M. T. Greene; Archaeology as Human Ecology, D. R. Harris; Ecology ofBats, D. W. Morrison; The Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef, S. V.Smith; Books Received ................................................. 957
REPORTS Translocation and Rearrangements of the c-myc Oncogene Locus in HumanUndifferentiated B-Cell Lymphomas: R. Dalla-Favera et al. ..... .......... 963
Methane Synthesis on Nickel by a Solid-State Ionic Method: T. M. Gur andR. A. Huggins ......................................................... 967
Demography of Northern Elephant Seals, 1911-1982: C. F. Cooper andB. S. Stewart .......................................................... 969
Gene for Hereditary Retinoblastoma Assigned to Human Chromosome 13 byLinkage to Esterase D: R. S. Sparkes et al. ....... ....................... 971
Patient with 13 Chromosome Deletion: Evidence That the Retinoblastoma GeneIs a Recessive Cancer Gene: W. F. Benedict et al . ........................ 973
Transfusions of Whole Blood Prevent Spontaneous Diabetes Mellitus in theBB/W Rat: A. A. Rossini et al. .......... ............................... 975
Resistance to a Malignant Lymphoma in Chickens Is Mapped to Subregion ofMajor Histocompatibility (B) Complex: W. E. Briles et al. ..... ............ 977
Chronic Parkinsonism in Humans Due to a Product of Meperidine-AnalogSynthesis: J. W. Langston et al. ......... ............................... 979
Thermal Vent Clam (Calyptogena magnifica) Hemoglobin: R. C. Terwilliger,N. B. Terwilliger, A. Arp ............. .................................. 981
Tumor Cells Secrete a Vascular Permeability Factor That Promotes Accumulationof Ascites Fluid: D. R. Senger et al. ........ ............................ 983
Yolk Pigments of the Mexican Leaf Frog: G. V. Marinetti and J. T. Bagnara ..... 985
Ammonium Chloride Prevents Lytic Growth of Reovirus and Helps to EstablishPersistent Infection in Mouse L Cells: W. M. Canning and B. N. Fields ..... 987
Suppression of Epididymal Sperm Antigenicity in the Rabbit by Uteroglobin andTransglutaminase in vitro: D. C. Mukherjee et al ......................... 989
Action Potentials in Macrophages Derived from Human Monocytes:F. V. McCann et al . ................................................... 991
Two-Component Hearing Sensations Produced by Two-Electrode Stimulation inthe Cochlea of a Deaf Patient: Y. C. Tong et al. ...... .................... 993
Virus Infection of Culturable Chlorella-Like Algae and Development of a PlaqueAssay: J. L. Van Etten et al. .......... ................................. 994
Technical Comments: Global Mean Sea Level: Indicator of Climate Change?:A. Robock; J. Hansen et al.; R. Etkins and E. Epstein ..... ................ 996
COVER
Landsat-I photograph of southeasternarea of Michigan. Detroit, site ofAAAS Annual Meeting (26-31 May1983), is in upper left portion. Faintgrid marks indicate heavily populatedarea. Bodies of water (dark blue areas)are Lake St. Clair east of Detroit andLake Huron south of the city. See pageGA ewP iinr Prark rnftht An-
_ _ 470 L<U r1U4ILIII1I 3 1r.U6 111 VIL II I-
nual Meeting. [Courtesy NASA, God-dard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,Maryland]
25 February 1983, Volume 219, Number 4587
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR Censo
THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- Goverr
tion and discussion of important issues related to the scientificadvancement of science, including the presentation ofminority or conflicting points of view, rather than by intimidat]publishing only material on which a consensus has beenreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Sci- employinence-including editorials, news and comment, and demonstrbook reviews-are signed and reflect the individualviews of the authors and not official points of view Sixty yadopted by the AAAS or the institutions with which the eminenceauthors are affiliated.
Editorial Board distrust c1983: FREDERICK R. BLATTNER, BERNARD F. BURKE, even the
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SCIENCE
orship, Soviet Stylenmental power, when used to dictate what is permissible incommunication, tends to breed the climate of surveillance andion that has long prevailed in closed societies accustomed toig censorship to keep the natives in line. As the Soviet experiencerates, the habit evolves into an institution.Vears after the founding of the Soviet state, and notwithstanding thee of Soviet scientists in the world community, the evidence is that)f brainpower remains as profound as in the era of the czars. Notbrief window of detente, which found American and Soviet
s mingling and promoting fellowship, changed the facts of life fortellectuals.structive to observe the impact of compulsive Soviet censorship onlish-language copies of Science that are imported under a long-purchase agreement with the AAAS. Systematic blackout isimposed on editorials, letters to the editor, and news features. Theie suspects, is to alert Soviet scientists to the missing material anda lively underground market for it.eguard the innocence of Soviet scientists during 1982, the censorsroadly over the alarming contents of Science. Struck from the issueril 1982, for example, was the entire letters department, in whichI a protest against the revocation, on political grounds, of academ-Ds in the Soviet Union. The censors likewise obliterated Donald"'s editorial on "The government, secrecy, and university re-although it might have consoled Soviet readers to learn that theirolleagues in the West have a few problems, too. Pressing on, theleleted a critical commentary on the MX missile. Of the five issuesce in April, three had the news section amputated in whole. Themonth, having rested, the censors were at it again, eliminating the:tion for 21 May, which dealt with alternatives to the MX, theof Livermore National Laboratory in "the laser battle," theof statistics at the hands of the Reagan Administration, and Frenchat reforming education. So it went throughout 1982, as indeed itin every previous year.extent that such mangling signals Soviet dissatisfaction with
the harm is small and our journal will survive it. The real import isDr kind, for it exposes the insecurity of a society that is unwilling)le to trust its scientific community. It would not be surprising tothe withholding of that trust by the Soviet government induces ain kind and intensity, for the small affair concerning Science canat the hostage state of scientists in the Soviet Union.oviets' perennial defense of the censors' actions is that the ex-materials in Science are of no interest to their scientists. It is aargument, considering what the authorities do not censor. We arebelieve that Soviet scientists could not wait to get their hands onof an audit of an American university's research grants, the
nental Protection Agency's relaxation of hazardous waste rules, aBut science and religion, and a news brief on federal security checksreviewers of agricultural research. They were not to be interested,[her hand, in reports on counterforce weapons or an accident at then Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).rmpting to deplore the lot of Soviet scientists while exulting in ourrtune. It would be wiser to reflect on the surpassing importance of;he contract between science and government in an open society,with the obligation on both sides to respect it. On that foundationwhole of the American arrangement. The authors of the pendingsecurity directive on protecting unclassified scientific information,g drafted at the White House, should take note.
