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Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
JOURNAL
LIBRARY
PUBLISHER
Scholarly Publishing Cycle
AUTHOR
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
“Scholarly Communication”
• Describes the process of disseminating research results and other scholarship in all disciplines
• In the biomedical sciences, primary method of scholarly communication is the journal literature
• Academic structure is based on this model – promotion and tenure
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Task Force Charge
• Develop a plan for a scholarly communication program for UCSF that will:– Raise awareness among staff and
campus community of the issues– Inform staff and community of
developments and generate interest in them
– Educate and support the community in alternate communication modes
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Task Force Members
• Janice Contini– Introduction
• Anneliese Taylor – Publishing Economics
• David Owen– Copyright
• Gail Persily– UC-wide & UCSF initiatives
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Publishing Economics
Traditional and Open Access Models
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Traditional Publishers
• Commercial publishers: Elsevier, Wiley, Springer, Nature, Oxford University Press
• Society publishers: American Medical Association (JAMA), American Society of Microbiology (Infection & Immunity), AAAS (Science), National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Print vs. Online Costs
• Science Magazine $500 print $11,000 online
• Harrison’s $125 print $1,600 online
• Journal of Immunology $670 print $1,100 online
• JAMA $450 print $2,750 online
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Open Access Defined• Open-access (OA)
literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.
• OA removes price barriers (subscriptions, licensing fees, pay-per-view fees) and permission barriers (most copyright and licensing restrictions).
• Flexible options– Some OA providers permit
commercial re-use and some do not.
– Some permit derivative works and some do not.
• All of the major public definitions of OA agree that merely removing price barriers, or limiting permissible uses to "fair use" ("fair dealing" in the UK), is not enough.
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Open Access Journal Examples
• PLoS Biology & PLoS Medicine
• BioMed Central• Evidence-Based
CAM (OUP)• Nucleic Acids
Research (OUP)• PubMed Central –
OA journal repository
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
“Partial” Open Access
• Some BioMed Central journals (Genome Biology, Breast Cancer Research)– Research articles only
• Back issues from society publications – Journal of Immunology, NEJM, Diabetes, etc.
• PNAS, Company of Biologists, Springer– Author pays to make article OA
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
NIH Policy on Public Access
• Sept 4, 2004 Proposal– Would have required authors to deposit
articles from NIH-funded research into PubMed Central for public access after 6 months
• February 3, 2005 Policy Release– Changed deposit date to within 12 months– Weakened to a requested deposit– Yet encourages authors to deposit sooner
rather than later
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Is Open Access Cheaper?
• OA Funding– Grants– Institutional ‘memberships’– Article charges paid by authors (grants
may cover)
• Cornell Library study suggests it could be more costly than traditional model – for those with large research output
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
OA – Focus on ‘Access’
• The primary benefit of OA is free, unrestricted access to all
• Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Copyright
• Any creative work of literary composition such as a song, essay, poem, novel, or scholarly work ie research article
• In scholarly journals the publisher has traditionally owned the rights to research articles or scholarly works
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
But who owns the copyright?
• First assumption is that owners are the persons listed as “authors”, but:– Academic authors usually sign away
rights to the journal publisher
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
A Typical Copyright TransferAgreement
I HEREBY ASSIGN TO THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY THE COPYRIGHT IN THIS ARTICLE
SIGNED _____________________ DATE __________
• The author has just given away all his/her rights! They are no longer the legal owner of the article.
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Impact of Copyright Transfer
• Denies to the author many important rights– Distribute reprints– Distribute abstracts– Create derivative works– Use own work in teaching– Control (and benefit financially from)
republication– Republish out of print but important works
• Implies that institution must buy back its own works (at monopoly prices)
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Copyright Agreements
• SHERPA:– a summary of permissions that are
normally given as part of each publisher's copyright transfer agreement.
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
UC-wide Initiatives
• Office of Scholarly Communication• SCO group• Other UC-wide committees, e.g. CDC• Systemwide resolution• Promoting new models - eScholarship
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
eScholarship Postprints
• New repository for postprints of published articles
• 25,000 articles from 2004• UCSF action
– Publicize this project and use it to educate faculty about copyright issues
– Talk to faculty– Address NIH public access policy
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
Discussion
• Defining the message• Future updates? Discussions? Journal
club?
Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management
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