FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA - World Bank

Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), September, 2016

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA

SECOND RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP II)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)

IN IMO STATES, NIGERIA.

BY

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (FPMU)

SECOND RURAL ACCESS & MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP 2) NAIC HOUSE, PLOT 590, AO CENTRAL AREA, ABUJA.

NOVEMBER, 2016

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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)

ii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page Title Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv List of Boxes iv List of Maps v List of Plates v List of Appendices v List of Acronyms vi Executive Summary ix CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Project Background 1 1.1 Project Beneficiaries 1 1.2 The RAMP II Project 1 1.3 Purpose of the ESMF 2 CHAPTER TWO:POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAME WORK 3 2.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Institutional Arrangement for ESMF 3 2.2 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines 5 2.3 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 6 CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 9 3.0 Introduction 9 3.1 Project Components 9 3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies 9 3.3 Road Selection in Imo State 10 3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity 13 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTIONS OF BASELINE CONDITIONS OF STATES 14 4.0 Introduction 14 4.1 Project location 14 4.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions in the RAMP II States 14 CHAPTER FIVE: FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (F-ESMP) 19 5.1 Environmental and Social Screening Process 19 5.2 The Screening Criteria 19 5.3 Screening Findings 20 5.4 Project-Level Environmental and Social Review 28 5.5 Method of Impact Assessment for the Sub-Projects 28


iii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Designs and Tender Documents 28 5.7 Roles and Responsibilities (in the PIU) for the implementation of the F-ESMP 31

CHAPTER SIX : PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 3 4 6.1 Mechanism of Consultation and Participation 34 6.2 Identifying Stakeholders 34 6.3 ESMF Update and Public Involvement 34 6.4 Commonalities and Differences in the States 37 6.5 ESMF Disclosures 37 CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES 38 7.0 Introduction 38 7.1 Approaches to Developing Mitigation Measures 38 7.2 Mitigation Measures 38 43 CHAPTER EIGHT : INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION 47 8.1 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building 47 8.2 ESMF Communication Plan 50 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring 51 8.4 Environmental Code of Conduct, Social Integration and Participation 52 8.5 Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State 54 Bibliography Appendices


iv Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

LIST OF TABLES

Table E1: Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation x

Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State xiii

Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria 4

Table 3.1: Identified and Prioritized Rural Roads in Imo State 10

Table 3.2: RAMP I and Likely Triggered Potential Safeguard Policies 11

Table 4.1: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of RAMP II States 15

Table 5.1: Result of Safeguards Screening of Identified Prioritized Roads 20

Table 5.2: Mitigation Implementation 29

Table 5.3: Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation 32

Table 6.1: Typical Information to be Disclosed 37

Table 7.1: Approaches to Mitigating Measures 38

Table 7.2: Summary of Envisaged Activities 39

Table 7.3: Mitigation Implementation 48

Table 8.1: Safeguard Responsibility 55

Table 8.2: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management 57

Table 8.3: Inclusion of Social Clauses & Mitigation Measures 60

Table 8.4: Estimated Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State 63

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1: Map of Nigeria showing the Geo-Political Zones and the RAMP II Participating States 14

Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process 19

LIST OF BOXES Box 2.1: Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment 6

Box 2.2: Summary of EA Procedures (Nigeria vs WB) 6

Box 2.3: Integration of WB EA Requirements with Typical Nigerian Procedure 7


v Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

LIST OF MAPS

Map 1a: Osun RAMP 2 LGA/Km 11

Map 1b: Osun RAMP 2 Roads 11

Map 2a: Niger RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12

Map 2b: Niger RAMP 2 Roads 12

Map 3a: Adamawa RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12

Map 3b: Adamawa RAMP 2 Roads 12

Map 4a: Imo RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12

Map 4b: Imo RAMP 2 Roads 12

Map 5a: Enugu RAMP 2 LGA/Km 13

Map 5b: Enugu RAMP 2 Roads 13

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 6.1: Stakeholders Meeting During ESMF for RAMP II, Owerri, Imo State 36

Plate 6.2: Some Stakeholders During the Meeting at Owerri, Imo State 36

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Summary Of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)

Appendix 2: Attendance Sheet for Stakeholders During ESMF for Imo RAMP 2

Appendix 3: Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix

Appendix 4: List of Stakeholders Consulted During the Updating of ESMF for Imo RAMP 2

Appendix 5: Environmental and Social Code of Conduct for Rural Access Infrastructure Development


vi Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

LIST OF ACRONYMS

AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency)

AfDB African Development Bank

ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

BP Bank Procedures (of the World Bank)

BRT Bus Rapid Transit

CBOs Community Based Organizations

COx Oxides of Carbon

CDD Community Driven Development

CG Community Group

CH4 Methane

CPS Country Partnership Strategy

CSO Community Support Organizations

EA Environmental Assessment

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMU Environmental Monitoring Unit

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ER Environmental Review

ES Environmental Screening

ESAs Environmentally Sensitive Areas

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESM Environmental and Social Management

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

FGN Federal Government of Nigeria

FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment

FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMA&RD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

FPIM Federal Project Implementation Manual

GP Good Practice (GP)

FPMU Federal Project Management Unit

HIV/AIDS Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

IDA International Development Association

IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation


vii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

ILO International Labour Organization

ISP Implementation Support Plan

LB Land Bureau

LGA Local Government Area

LVO Land Valuation Office

MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency

MEnv Ministry of Environment

MoH Ministry of Housing

MoT Ministry of Transportation

NATA Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Agenda

NEAP National Environmental Action Plan

NESREA National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency

NGO Non- Governmental Organization

NOx Oxides of Nitrogen

NPC National Planning Commission

OPRC Output and Performance-Based Road Contract

ORAF Operational Risk Assessment Framework

PAPs Project Affected Persons

PDO Project Development Objectives

PEMFAR Public Expenditures Management and Financial Accountability Review

PFMU Project Financial Management Unit

PPA Project Preparation Advance

PPP Public Private Partnership

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RAMP Rural Access and Mobility Project

OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank)

OM Operational Manual

OP Operational Policies (of the World Bank)

NPC National Planning Commission

OPRC Output and Performance-based Road Contract

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

PAP Project Affected Peoples

PAPs Project Affected Persons

PID Project Information Document

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PLWA People Living with AIDS


viii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

PMU Project Management Unit

PPUD Physical Planning and Urban Development

PWD Public Works Department

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RP Resettlement Plans

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SA State Agency

SEPAs State Environmental Protection Agencies

STIs Sexually Transmitted Diseases

SIL Specific Investment Loan

SOx Oxides of Sulphur

SPIM State Project Implementation Manual

SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

SPIU State Project Implementation Unit

ToR Terms of Reference

URTI Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organization


ix Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES1: Background

The inclusion of Imo State in the Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP II) necessitated the review of the previous Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) reports which were prepared and disclosed in May 2008 for Osun and Enugu States and in May 2012 for Adamawa and Enugu States.

ES 2: Project Components and Objective

The project components include:

Component 1 – Project Preparation Facility Advance, Component 2– Upgrading and Rehabilitation of Rural Transport Infrastructure, Component 3– Community-based road maintenance and annual mechanized maintenance

and Component 4 – State and Federal Institutional strengthening, program’s scaling up and

promotion of rural transport policies

The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that the implementation of the project will be carried out in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.

The ESMF therefore provides the environmental and social screening process benchmark required to identify, assess and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of the rural infrastructure investments.

E3: Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks

Having discussed the environmental legislation in the previous ESMF reports, other relevant national laws and policies are summarized together with international policies and frameworks including the World Bank operational policies.

E4: Environmental, Social Screening and Assessment

The screening process is the first step in operationalizing the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) process. The screening findings are presented in chapter five while the summary of the envisaged activities together with the corresponding impacts and mitigation measures are also provided in table 6.2.


x Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

E5: Stakeholders Identification

For the purpose of this ESMF, stakeholders are defined as all people and institutions that have an interest in the planning and execution of the project, potentially affected communities, traditional rulers/ religious leaders, NGOs/CBOs, Local Government officials, State MDAs, local/social and professional groups e.g., farmers, market women, road transport workers etc.

E6. Roles and Responsibilities for the implementation of the F-ESMP

The roles and responsibilities matrix for the implementation of the ESMF is presented in the table below.

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Matrix Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation No Steps/Activities Responsible Collaboration Service Provider

1. Identification and/or

siting of the sub‐project

SPIU Ministry of Local Government Affairs LGA CDAs/CBOs

Ministry of Works

2.

Screening, categorization and identification of the required instrument

Env. safeguards

specialist (ESS) on the

PIU

ESS of the SPIUs FPMU MEnv

FMEnv

3. Approval of the

classification and the

selected instrument

SPIU Coordinator ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU FPMU

FMEnv

The World Bank

4. Preparation of the safeguard document/instrument (ESIA, Env. Audit, simple ESMP, etc.) in

accordance with the national legislation/procedure (taking into account the Bank policies

requirements)

5. Preparation and approval

of the ToRs

ESS‐PIU

The World Bank

Preparation of the report

FMEnv MEnv

Safeguards Specialist

Consultant The World Bank FMEnv

Selection of Consultant FMEnv/MEnv Procurement

Officer

Safeguards Specialist Procurement

Specialist


Procurement Specialist (PS-SPIU) SSS-PIU LGAs FPMU

Safeguards Consultants


xi Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

Report validation and

issuance of the permit

(when required)

Procurement specialist (PS‐PIU)

SSS‐PIU LGAs MEnv

FMEnv

The World Bank

MEnvxxxx

Publication of document SPIU FPMU

Media ;

The World Bank

6.

(i) Integrating the

construction phase

mitigation measures and

E&S clauses in the

bidding document prior

they’re advertised; (ii)

ensuring that the

constructor prepares his

ESMP (C‐ESMP), gets it

approved and integrates

the relevant measures in

the works breakdown

structure (WBS) or

execution plan.

Civil engineering/technical staff in charge of the sub-project (TS-PIU)

ESS‐PIU PS‐PIU Design Consultant

External/Civil Supervisors

MEnv

Ministry of Lands, Survey, Housing and Urban Planning

7.

Implementation of the

other safeguards

measures, including

environmental

monitoring (when

relevant) and

sensitization activities

ESS‐PIU ESS-PIU PS-PIU

Design Consultants

External/Civil Supervisors

MEnv

Ministry of Lands, Survey, Housing and Urban Planning

8.

Oversight of safeguards

implementation

(internal)

ESS-SPIU SSS-SPIU PS-SPIU TS-SPIU SPIU Accountant) LGAs NGOs/CBOs

External Safeguards Specialists

MEnv

NESREA

Public consultation on project safeguards performance and disclosure

State Coordinator M&E-PIU ESS-PIU SSS-PIU NGOs/CBOs

FMEnv/NESREA MEnv/SEPAs The World Bank

External oversight of the project safeguards compliance

PIU M&E-PIU ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU External Civil

Supervisors

FMEnv NESREA MEnv/SEPA Safeguard Consultants

Reporting on project Coordinator M&E‐PIU

ESS‐PIU


xii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

safeguards performance

and disclosure

SSS‐PIU

External oversight of the

project safeguards

compliance

PEA M&E‐PIU

ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU PS‐PIU Supervisor

9. Building stakeholders

capacity in safeguards

management

ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU PS‐PIU

Consultants MEnv/SEPAs

FMEnv/NESREA

10.

Independent evaluation

of safeguards

performance (Audit)

ESS‐PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU

NGOs/CBOs

PIU MEnv/SEPAs Ministry of Lands,

Survey, Housing and Urban Planning

The World Bank

E76: Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State

The indicative budget for Imo State RAMP II is shown in the table below:

Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State

Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State S/No ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions Total Cost/Annum (N) 1. 2.

Capacity Building for PIU Personnel

Training Programs held in-country 2,500,000.00

Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholders Engagement

Monthly estimated expenses of 5000 each for 2 persons -per year

Based on actual expenses

3. 4. 5. 6.

Environmental and Social Screening of transactions

No additional budget No additional budget

Engagement of Specialists Assume specialists may be engaged times to investigate issues

To be worked out at the commencement of contract/engagement.

Field Visits to facility locations Field visits estimated for 2 PMU personnel per year including transportation, accommodation and daily allowances.

3,400,000.00

Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholder Engagement

No additional budget Based on actual expenses

7. 8. 9.

ESMP Scoping Workshops ESMP Scoping workshops per year As part of the ESMP preparation

ESMP Reports Assume average cost of each ESMP depending on the extent of the road

9,500,00.00

Engagement of Environmental and Social Specialists

As part of the EMP preparation


xiii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State S/No ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions Total Cost/Annum (N) 10. Grievance Redress and

beneficiary feedback management.

Sundry expenses for transportation and other logistics

1,200,000.00

11. Monitoring Compliance with ESMP on E&S issues during pre-operations and operational activities

Assume quarterly monitoring activities over 5 days each quarter per year

3,000,000.00

Sub-Total 19,600,000.00

Contingency 10% of sub-total 1,960,000.00

Total 21,560,000.00

Twenty One Million, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Naira Only.


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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Project Background

The Second Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP – II) is a donor funded project co-financed by the World Bank and French Development Agency to support the Federal Government of Nigeria’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP). The RAMP II project is currently being implemented by participating States of Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun States and Imo State (currently joining) while the whole RAMP II project is being coordinated at the Federal level by the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) in the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The FPMU is responsible for coordinating the project activities. However, towards ensuring environmental and social compliance, parts of the proceeds have been applied for the preparation of this Environmental and Social Management Framework for the RAMP II project.

1.1 Project Beneficiaries

The successful implementation of the first phase of the project in Kaduna and Cross River States paved way for the expansion of the project under RAMP 2 to cover additional five (5) states and additional seven (7) States will be prepared for an eventual future up-scaling of the project. The five (5) States that were selected based on the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) State Governance criteria and the technical readiness criteria are: Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo.

Two-pronged state selection process was undertaken by the FPMU based on the three CPS governance criteria (phase 1) and on a few project readiness criteria (phase 2): (i) establishment of a State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU); (ii) Identification of institutional arrangements and funding sources for road maintenance; (iii) preparation of a Prioritized Rural Road Investment Program; and (iv) number of kilometers (km) of prioritized roads with completed feasibility studies. A total of five (5) States (“tier-one” states) were selected at the end of this second phase: Adamawa, Niger, Osun, Enugu and Imo.

1.2 The RAMP II Project

The project components include the following:

Component 1 – Project preparation facility advance


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Component 2 – Upgrading and rehabilitation of rural transport infrastructure Component 3 – Community-based road maintenance and annual mechanized

maintenance Component 4 – State and federal institutional strengthening, program’s up-scaling

and promotion of rural transport policies.

The project would not lead to any large scale acquisition of land or denial of access to usual means of livelihood as well as disruption of environmental amenities. Also, the project does not contemplate either altering the road layouts or major destruction of dwelling and/or farms or collective private property.

It is worthy to note that the activities of Component 2 are likely to trigger four (4) safeguards policies namely, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). This is however based on the fact that the scoping of the project indicated limited adverse environmental and social impacts and assigned an Environmental Screen Category of “B” to Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01).

In fulfillment of the Bank’s requirement for project appraisal and due diligence, it is imperative to update the existing Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) (as a result of the trigger of Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) for the Project (RAMP II) to include one (1) additional state (Imo). Previous Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) reports have been prepared and disclosed in May, 2008 for the Osun and Enugu states and updated in May 2013 for Adamawa and Niger States. Thus, the earlier report have to be updated to reflect the inclusion of the latest participating State (Imo) while the updated versions have to be re-disclosed in the Infoshop.

1.3 Purpose of the ESMF

Within the context of the RAMP II, the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is a statement of the policy, principles, institutional arrangements and procedures that the project management will follow in addressing environmental and social issues associated with the project implementation.

Therefore, with the context of RAMP II, the ESMF spells out institutional arrangements and capacity available to identify and mitigate potential environmental and social safeguards issues and impacts that could be due to the project, generally. It does not attempt to address impacts related to individual undertakings (in any specific form) as the locations and extent of impacts or activities are not known at this preparatory stage.


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CHAPTER TWO

POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

2.0 Introduction

This chapter describes the existing environmental national and international policies, legislations, conventions and procedures and those of the World Bank Group that are applicable to the RAMP II project2.1 Institutional Arrangement for ESMF in Nigeria

The erstwhile Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), now absorbed into the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) was established by Act No. 58 of 1988 and further amended by Act 59 of 1992. By this Act, the FMEnv is vested with the responsibility of ensuring compliance to the prescribed limits as contained in the National Guidelines. Thus, the FMEnv (apex regulatory body) together with the States ministries of environment are responsible for environmental protection matters in Nigeria.

Aside the national milestone, the country (Nigeria) is equally a signatory to several international Conventions, Treaties and Laws relating to environmental protection and sustainable development. Some of these include the Bassel Convention, International Convention on the Protection of Endangered Species, World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) etc.

Also, several international development partners/agencies such as World Bank and other international financial institutions interested in development projects have sets of environmental categorizations, assessments and management standards, which must be complied with by project proponents before these institutions invest in them.

The summary of the national and international statutory environmental laws are presented in the below table.


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Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria

S/No. Regulations Year Provisions 1. The Imo State Environmental

Transformation Commission (ENTRACO) Law No. 3

2008 To ensure a “clean and green” Imo State including regulating the activities of refuse collectors and operation of an environmental sanitation and traffic court in each Local Government Area of Imo State.

2. Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Decree No. 86).

1992 The decree makes it mandatory for all proposed development activities to carry out an EIA study

3. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

1999 Stipulates “equal pay for equal work without discrimination on account of sex, or any other ground whatsoever”.

4. Oil in Water Act 1986 Makes rules on the need to protect water bodies from oil or petroleum related activities.

5. Forestry Law CAP 55 1994 Prescribes the administrative framework for the management, utilization and protection including acts that may lead to the destruction of forestry resources in Nigeria.

6. Land Use Act 1978 Protects the rights of all Nigerians to use and enjoy land in Nigeria. 7. The Labour Act 1990 Governs the employment rights of individual workers in Nigeria. It

jurisdiction include, the protection of wages, contracts, recruitment together with the terms and condition of employment. The Act also covers the classification of workers and special worker types.

8. Workmen’s Compensation Act 1992 Provides for the payment of compensation of workmen for injuries suffered in the course of their employment. Section 40 of the Act also stipulates the condition to insure of employees against death or injury (if so Minister so directs an employer).

9. Trade Union Amendment Act 1995 Governs the membership of the various labour unions.

10. National Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitation) Regulations

1991 Makes it mandatory for industrial facilities to install effluent treatment plants and also prescribes parameters for effluents limitation.

11. National Environmental Protection (Pollution and Abatement in Industries in Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations

1991 It defines the restrictions on the release of toxic substances and stipulates requirements for monitoring of pollution. It also makes it mandatory for existing industries and facilities to conduct periodic environmental audits.

12. National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes) Regulations.

1991 Regulates the collections, treatment and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes from municipal and industrial sources.

13. Harmful Wastes (Special Criminal Provisions etc) Decree No. 42

1988 Provides the legal framework for the effective control of the disposal of toxic and hazardous waste into any environment within the confines of Nigeria

14. National Guideline and Standard for Environmental Pollution Control

1991 The regulations provide guidelines for management of pollution control measures.

15. Workmen Compensation Act 1987 Occupational health and safety 16. Urban and Regional Planning Decree

No 88 1992 Planned development of urban areas (to include and manage waste

sites) 17. Environmental Sanitation edicts, laws

and enforcement agencies General environmental health and sanitation. Enforcing necessary

laws. 18. State waste management laws Ensure proper disposal and clearing of wastes 19. Public Health Law Covering public health matters 20 National Guidelines on Environmental

Management Systems (EMS) 1999 Recognizes the value of EMS to EIA and sets out objectives and

guideline on general scope and content of an EMS


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21. National Policy on the Environment 1989 The policy identifies key sectors requiring integration of environmental concerns and sustainability with development and presents their specific guidelines

22. National Guidelines and Standards for Water Quality

1999 It deals with the quality of water to be discharged into the environment, sets standards and discharge measures for a wide range of parameters in water discharged from various industries.

23. National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59

1991 The World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards were adopted as the national standards. These standards define the permissible air pollutants parameters in order to protect public health.

24. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA Act)

2007 Established to ensure compliance with environmental standards, guidelines and regulations.

25. National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control

2006 Addresses the need to combat erosion in the country by utilizing the procedures outlined in the national action plan for flood and erosion control and technical guidelines.

26. National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA Act)

2005 This statutory regulation makes adequate regulations on waste emanating from oil production and exploration and its potential consequences to the environment.

27. Nigeria’s Cultural Policy Act 1996 The described the procedures for the protection and promotion of national identity as well as Nigeria’s unity. It also ensures effective communication and cooperation among the diverse socio-cultural groups of Nigeria and Africa in general.

2.1 The World Bank Environmental and Social Guidelines

The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's environmental "safeguard policies" which are listed in Box 2.1.

Appendix 1 summarizes these WB Safeguard Policies + OP 4.00 Use of Country Systems & OP 17.50 Disclosure Policy.


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2.2 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines

The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992 requires that development projects be screened for their potential impact.

According to these guidelines,

Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the

environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact Statement.

Box 2.1: Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment


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With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has also categorized projects based on the type of EA required, namely:

Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented, felt beyond the immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over the long term. Such projects require full EA.

Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment interactions, do not significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter natural systems and resources, do not consume much natural resources (e.g., ground water) and have adverse impacts that are not sensitive, diverse, unprecedented and are mostly reversible. Category B projects will require partial EA, and environmental and social action plans.

Category C - Projects are mostly likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project, although some may require environmental and social action plans.

Category F1- A proposed project is classified as Category F1 if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in road projects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.

This World Bank categorization (A, B & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of impacts associated with a given project (Box 2.3). However, in the event of

Box 2.2: Summary of EA Procedures (Nigeria vs WB)


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divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguards policy shall take precedence over Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or standards.

For this ESMF, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were harmonized.

It is especially made responsive with regard to the followings: early consideration of environmental and social issues (starting at the screening stage); identification and early consultation with stakeholders; prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.

Box 2.3: Integration of WB EA Requirements with Typical Nigerian


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CHAPTER THREE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.0 Introduction

The section presents a description of sub-project activities that triggers safeguards instruments.

3.1 Project Components

The scope of civil works entails rehabilitation/construction of low volume existing rural roads. The general work includes;

Site clearing; Excavation activities; Provision of sub-base; Provision of earth side rains with turnouts/offshoots; Provision of line side drains; Construction of single and multiple 900m concrete pipe culvert extensions and new

culverts; Provision of reinforced box culverts; Reinforce concrete bridges on bored piles (where necessary); Installation of road signs and road furniture.

3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies

Table 3.1 indicates the four safeguard policies that are triggered by this project, namely: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitat (OP/BP 4.04), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). Attentions to these safeguard policies will:

Ensure that environmental and social issues are evaluated in the decision making; Help reduce and manage the risks associated with the RAMP II Project; and Provide a mechanism for consultation and disclosure of information.


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Table 3.1: RAMP II and Likely Triggered Safeguard Policies

*NA= Not Applicable

3.3 Road Selection in Imo State for the RAMP II

Prioritization study that was conducted in order to prioritize intervention areas and rural road network based on a combination of selection criteria including the population of the communities living along the links, agricultural production, environmentally sensitive areas, markets and community preferences with a total of eight (8) river crossings, twenty seven (27) bridges and sixty (60) rural roads having a length of 401.1km and packaged in five lots as presented in the table 3.2 below.

Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project?

Applicability to Project due to

How Project Address Policy Requirements?

Yes No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)

[x] [ ] Road rehabilitation works could trigger site-specific impacts. Potential impacts include noise by machineries and dust during construction and rehabilitation works.

To mitigate this risk, specific procedures (such as chance find procedures) has been included in the ESMF.

Site specific issues to be addressed with OP 4.11 (Appendix 3 covers the provisions for Physical Cultural Resources as part of the EA instrument ToR.

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [X ] [ ] Some of the road/bridge rehabilitation activities will have impacts on natural habitats. The ESMPs will ensure that impacts on natural habitats is be mitigated.

To mitigate this risk: The ESMP will ensure that impacts on

natural habitats are mitigated by: (i) Identifying natural habitats in project sites (ii) Preparing management measures for roads/bridges passing through natural habitats, such as monitoring and minimizing access to natural habitats, sensitization campaigns, etc..

Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [x] NA NA Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)

[x] [ ] The five (5) states have rich cultural heritage resources and some road works may be located in the area of influence of some sites.

To mitigate this risk, specific procedures (such as chance find procedures) has been included in the ESMF

Site specific issues to be addressed with OP 4.11 (Appendix 3 covers the provisions for Physical Cultural Resources as part of the EA instrument ToR

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

[x] [ ] Interventions could lead to restriction of access to sources of livelihoods. There could be encroachment to farmlands

A standalone RPF is being prepared alongside this ESMF. This shall spell out site specific issues to be addressed with ARAP/RAP.

Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [ ] [x] NA NA Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [x] NA NA Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [x] NA NA Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)*

[ ] [x] NA NA

Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)

[ ] [x] NA NA


11

Table 3.2: Identified Prioritized Rural Roads in the Imo State and Agricultural Potential

Lots Cluster of Roads Km Main Agricultural Activities 1. Umuago-Ndiejezie, Ndiawa-Ikpaokorie, Umuagbadagbo-Umumi,

Awala-Umuchima, Ama Edward-Ndiejezie, Umualoma-Umunze, Eke Ndiuche-Ndiadimoha.

71.6

Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit, rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.

2. Umunoha-Orodo, Ekeoha-Ogwa, Afor Obazu-Odu, Obibi Okwu-Ejemekwuru, Umuabale-Ugbaku, Umuabale-Okolochi, Ihiagwa-Umuokpo, Nduhuobokwe-Okwuemeka.

71.5 Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit, rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.

3. Mechanic Village-Amamadubuike, Umuchoke-Umuoma, Umuago-Ofeahi, Ikpaku-Ndiawa, Ike Umuduru, Umuobomu, Ekeachi-Aboh Umulolo, Ihube, Amano-Umuawasa, Umunachi-Umuelemae, Aba branch-Umuokpara, Afor Ebu-Nzerem, Orieikpa-Ikpem.


4. Owerri Nkwoji – Aba Road, Abaja- Amaigbo, Orlu Nkwere-Nkume, Orishieze-Imerienwe, Odoika-Amiri, Duruobiaku-Eziachi, Umuezike-Onitsha, Awugu-Mbutu, Umuobiagu-Obohia, Umuchukwu-Ntu, Afor Eziama-Obokwe, Umuogbontu-Umuaku, Council-Nguru Ntu, Eke Isu-Afor Enyiogwu, Airport Junction-Egbelu, UmunekeObike-Amala Obike, Ekeisu-Egelu Ebube, Umuowa-Obiangwu, Afor Enyiogugu.


5. Umariam-Okohia, Nduhum-Owugha, Egbegbere-Ekeumuhir, Council Road-Umuhi, Eke Umuniha, Amainyinta-Afor Umuiyi, Ekeikpa-Umuawuchi, Afor Oru-Amaimo, Lude-Ekwereazu, Obeama-Abia-Umunbiri, Nnarambia-Lude Ahiara, Ogbe-Ekeala.

78.1

Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit, rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.

The maps of RAMP II participating States are also presented below.

Map 1a: Osun RAMP 2 LGAs/Km Map 1b: Osum RAMP 2 Roads


12

Map 2a: Niger State RAMP 2 LGAs/Km Map 2b: Niger State RAMP 2 Roads

Map 3a: Adamawa RAMP 2 LGAs/Km Map 3b: Adamawa RAMP 2 Roads

Map 4a: Imo RAMP 2 LGAs/Km

Map 4b: Imo RAMP 2 Roads


13

3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity The interaction with these Officers (the safeguards specialists in Imo RAMP II shows that there are knowledge gaps that could impede the implementation of the instruments. Therefore, capacity building on environmental and social issues together with the World Bank operational guidelines will be built in order to ensure effective institutional support for the project. The capacity of the selected staff from the State Ministries/Environmental Protection Agencies, LGAs, and other MDAs and CBO/NGOs will be strengthened through training, capacity and awareness building on safeguards including legal requirements and EA methodology.

Map 5a: Enugu RAMP 2 LGAs/Km

Map 5b: Enugu RAMP 2 Roads


14

CHAPTER FOUR

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE RAMP II STATES

4.0 Introduction This chapter described the biological, physical and social characteristics of the participating States namely, Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo.

4.1 Project Location

The five (5) project States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo) fall within four different geo-political zones namely: North-Eastern (Adamawa), South-Eastern (Enugu and Imo), North-Western (Niger) and South-West (Osun) as shown in figure 4.1.

Niger

BornoYobe

Taraba

Bauchi

Oyo

Kebbi

Kogi

Kaduna

Kwara

Benue

Zamfara

Edo

Kano

Sokoto

Adamawa

JigawaKatsina

Delta

Plateau

OndoOgun

Nassarawa

Gombe

Cross River

Osun

FCT

Rivers

ImoAbia

Enugu

Ekiti

Bayelsa

LagosEbonyi

Akwa lbom

Anambra

Lake Chad

Nigeria_political.shpNorth central.shpNorth- east.shpNorth-west.shpSouth-east.shpSouth-south.shpSouth-west.shpRamp 2 states.shp

300 0 300 600 Kilometers

N

EW

S

4

4

6

6

8

8

10

10

12

12

14

14

6

8

10

12

Figure 4.1: Map of Nigeria Showing the Geo-Political Zones and RAMP II Participating States

4.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of the RAMP II States

The abridged baseline environmental and social conditions of the RAMP II participating States are presented in table 4.1.


15

Table 4.1: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of the RAMP II States Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States

S/No Parameter Baseline Environmental Conditions of the RAMP II States Adamawa Enugu Niger Osun Imo

1 Location 9°20′N12°30′E 6°30′N7°30′E 8°20'N 3°30'E 7°30′N4°30′E 5029N 702’E

2 Capital City Yola Enugu Minna Osogbo Owerri 3 LGAs 21 17 25 30 27 4 Geo-Political

Zone North-Eastern South-Eastern North-Western South-Western South-Eastern

5 Border Borno (North-West),

Gombe (West), Taraba (South-

West) Cameroon (East)

Abia and Imo (South),

Ebonyi (East) Benue (North-

East) Kogi (North-

West) Anambra (West).

Kaduna (East), Plateau (South-

East), Sokoto (North) Kwara (East).

Kwara (North), Ekiti and Ondo

(East) Ogun (South) Oyo (West).

Abia (East) River Niger and

Delta State (West) Anambra (North) Rivers State

(South).

6 Landmass 36,917 km2 7,161 km2 76,363 km2 9,251 km2 5,530km2 7 Nature of Soil Mostly made up of

brown or brownish-red laterite due to annual shift between dry and wet conditions and soil wash on the mountains.

Made up of shallow and stony lithosols found on the steep slopes of the cuesta and often left uncultivated.

Soil erosion, due to physical and man-made factors is rampant.

The major gullies are concentrated on the edges of the highly friable sandstones which yield easily to erosion and induce gullying even on slopes as low as 5°.

About 65 per cent of the entire area of Enugu State is affected by sheet erosion.

Three major soils types are found in the State.

These include- ferruginous tropical soils,

hydromorphic soils and ferrosols.

Highly ferruginous tropical red soils associated with basement complex rocks.

Soils are generally deep and of two types, namely, deep clayey soils formed on low smooth hill crests and upper slopes; and the more sandy hill wash soils on the lower slopes.

Underlain by the Benin formation of coastal plain sands.

Soil is deep, porous, infertile and highly leached.

In some areas like Okigwe, impermeable layers of clay occur near the surface, while in other areas, the soil consists of lateritic material under a superficial layer of fine-grained sand.

Soil erosion, both from physical and manmade causes, is rampant in several parts of the state

8 Average Temperature

11°C - 33°C Mean monthly temperature 33°C. Hottest period - February to April

Mean maximum temperature remains high throughout the year about 32°F (March – June).

Dry season commences in October.

The mean annual temperature 21.10C -31.10C.

Relative humidity is 75%

Hottest months (January – March).


16

Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States


9 Mean Rainfall Wet season (April – October)

Dry season (November - March).

Average rainfall is 759mm (northern parts) and 1,051mm in the southern parts.

The annual rain fall ranges between 152 - 203cm.

Wet season (May - October).

The annual rainfall varies from about 1,600mm (south) to 1,200mm (north).

Highest rainfall (August – September).

Dry season (November – April). Annual rainfall 800mm - 1,500mm.

Wet season (April – October)

Dry season (November to March).

Average annual rainfall (1,500mm -2,200mm).

10 Geology/ Terrain:

Picturesque mountains, and land traversed by big River valleys of Benue, Gongola and Yedsarem.

The valleys of Cameroon, Mandara and Adamawa mountains form part of this undulating landscape.

Contains about nine geological formations.

Occupies highlands such as Awgu, Udi and Nsukka.

The hills are flanked by the rolling lowlands of Oji River, Adada and Anambra Basins to the west, and the Ebonyi (Aboine) River Basin to the east.

Covered by two major rock formations viz; sedimentary and basement complex rocks.

To the north is the basement complex, characterised by granitic outcrops or inselbergs.

Such inselbergs dominate the landscape in Rati, Shiroro, Minna, Mariga and Gurara.

Underlain by metamorphic rocks of the basement complex, which outcrop over many parts.

Rocks of the basement complex found here are schists, associated with quartzite ridges of the type found in llesa.

Underlain by the Benin Formation of coastal plain.

This formation is of late tertiary age. Rivers are few with vast inter fluves which are characterized by dry valleys that carry surface drainage in periods of high rainfall.

11 Vegetation types

There are two notable vegetation zones viz; Sub-Sudan zone and the Northern Guinea Savannah zone.

The Sub-Sudan zone is marked by short grasses and short trees, commonly found in the Northern parts of the State.

To the South, the vegetation is thick with tall grasses and trees.

The vegetation are both rainforest, typical grass and swamp forest.

Rainforest vegetation is found on the highlands of Awgu and stretching through its rocky promontories to link with the undulating hills of Udi.

Typical grassy vegetation is found around Nnsuka. Fresh water swamp forests occur in the Niger-Anambra Basin.

Vegetation are rainforest and Guinea Savannah

Has one of the largest and most fertile agricultural lands in the country. Only 1, about 10 per cent of the state's arable land being cultivated.

Disappearance of traces of rainforest occur in the Niger trough and flood plain due to lumbering activities.

Covered by secondary forest.

Derived Savannah mosaic predominates in the north.. Originally, virtually all parts of the state had a natural lowland tropical rain forest vegetation.

Vegetation has since given way to secondary forest re-growths due to lumbering fuel-wood, cultivation of cocoa, oil palm cultivation and farming, mining (clay, sand).

Mature forests still exist in the Owu forest reserve (southern part of the State).

Vegetation of the

tropical rain

forest.

Economic trees

like the iroko,

mahogany,

obeche, gmelina,

bamboo, rubber

and oil palm pre

dominate.


17



Part of this high forest has recently been cleared to make way for forest plantations of tectona grandis and gmelina arborea.

12 Main Native language

Hausa, Fulfude Igbo Hausa

Yoruba Igbo

13 Main Ethnic Groups

Hausa, Fulfude Igbo Nupes, Gbahiyu and Hausa.

Oyos, lfes, ljesas and lgbominas.

Igbo

14 Population (2006 national census)

3,178,950 Male=1,607,270 Female=1,571,680

3,267,837 Male=1,596,042

Female=1,671,795

3,954,772 Male=2,004,350

Female=1,950,422

3,416,959 Male=1,734,149 Female=1,682,810

3,934,899 Male=2,032,286 Female=1,912,613

15 Population Density

68/km2 268/km2 52/km2 240/km2 710/km2

16 Per capita $1,417 $1,802 $1,480 $2,076 $3,527 17 GDP (PPP$b) 4.6 4.4 6.0 7.3 14.21 18 Main Stay of

the People Farming Cash crops are;

cotton and groundnuts.

Food crops include maize, yam, cassava, millet guinea corn and rice.

Farming Cash crops are;

palm produce and cashew.

Food crops are; rice, cassava, maize, yams, banana and a variety of fruits and vegetables.

Farming Cash crops are;

sugar cane, Cassava, Sorghum/guinea corn, ground nut etc. Food crops; millet, Shea-nut, etc.

Rice(low land), Rice(up land), Melon.

Farming Cash crops; cocoa,

cola nut, oil palm etc.

Food crops; cassava, yam, cocoyam, plantain, melon, fruits and vegetables etc.

Farming Cash crops

include, oil palm, raffia palm, rice, groundnut, rubber, cocoa.

Food crops includes, cassava, maize, yam etc.

The operation of over 163 oil wells at over 12 different locations makes the state part of an oil producing.

19 Settlement Patterns and Size Distribution of Settlements

Sparsely populated. Large parcel of land

are devoted almost entirely to the use of cattle herders.

Rural settlements are dispersed over much of the farmlands.

There are vast unoccupied areas set aside as farmlands and somewhat.

Majority of the people of the State reside in rural areas (about 90 per cent).

Population is concentrated in a number of urban centres.

Urban centres are; Osogbo, llesha, lle-Ife, ljebu-Jesa, Ejigbo, Modakeke, lfetedo, Ede, lkirun, Ipetu-ljesa, lla and Ode Omu.

These urban centres are concentrated in the upper half of the state.

Smaller towns and villages are concentrated in the lower half.

There are farm

Settlement is dispersed particularly in the rural areas.

Major towns include, Owerri, Okigwe, Orlu, Mbaise, Isu etc.


18



camps between and surrounding the major urban centres of lle-Ife, llesa, lla and Ipetu-Ijesa.

20 Cultural/ Unique Resources

Koma Hills Manadara Mountains Lamurde Hot Spring (World Heritage Site). Maddibbo Adams Tomb Monument Three Sister Rocks Kiri Dams

Cultural features common to all parts of the state.

Family is the basic social unit, the belief system and the system of political organization.

Important traditional festivals are observed every year, viz; the Masquerade and the New Yam festivals.

Home to the three national hydro-electric power stations.

Rich tourism facilities, such as the Gurara Falls, Kainji Lake National Park, Borgu Game Reserve etc

Kainji Lake National Park at New Bussa.

Ladi Kwali Pottery Centre at Suleja.

Orisa (the traditional deities of the Yoruba people).

Osun -Osogbo Grove, (World Heritage Site).

Oramiyan Staff. Ooni of Ife Palace Olojo festival (Ile

Ife), Iwude festival

(Ijeshas).

New yam festival Masquerades festival

Orashi River with its source in Imo State. Njaba

Oguta Lake Utu river Awbana river and

Otamiri rivers.


19

CHAPTER FIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

(F-ESMP)

5.0 Introduction

The chapter describes the framework for the Environmental and Social Management Plan (F-ESMP).

5.1 Environmental and Social Screening Process

The objective of screening is for the identification of those sub-projects activities that have minimal/no environmental or social concerns.

5.2 The Screening Criteria The screening exercise will be carried out prior to the initiation of the project preparation activities. The screening exercise will serve as a tool for the identification of the severity of impacts of both the environmental and social issues thereby integrating the corresponding mitigation measures into the project preparation. The project’s impacts will be screened using a modified Leopold matrix (Leopold, 1971) as presented in Appendix 3.

The diagrammatic representation of steps in environmental and social screening processes is presented in figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process 5.3 Screening Findings The screening findings reveals that the environmental and social impacts of the sub-project activities would require corresponding mitigation and enhancement measures at various

If impacts are of category A, project should be rejected, if category B, it

should be screened.

Development Plan

Road Project

Reject the Proposal Review/Screen

Does the sub-project requires full fledge

Are EA guidelines integrated in the contracts

Strengthen EA

Adverse, irreversible, severe

EA with Clearance from the FMEnv and World Bank

Environmental statement

Insignificant Impacts

Strengthen EA Has the EA been prepared

Provide EA


20

stages of the project viz, pre-construction, construction and operation phase. However, the result of the environmental and social screening exercise for the prioritized 401.1km rural roads in Imo State is presented below. Table 5.1: Result of Safeguards Screening of Rural Roads in Imo State

S/n Road LGA Adverse Environmental Impact

Adverse Social Impact

Mitigation Measures

Picture Reference (see plate below)

1. Umuago – Ndiuche – Ekendiuche – Ndiawa – Uzi – Ndizogu –Umualaoma – Ndiejezie.

Ideato North

Patches of mud on the road, water run-off (drainage) not defined.

Reduced vehicular access.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, culvert, bridge and embankments, terracing.

2. Ndiawa boundary–Agbobu–Okigwe – Ikpaokorie

Ideato North/Okigwe

Vegetation in RoW.


Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and embankments, terracing.

3. Umuagbadagbo/Umuenkwunkwa – Umeshi – Umuna – Umumi

Ideato South Vegetation in RoW, slope instability.


Road grading and landscaping; Mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and embankments, terracing, replace bridge rails.

4. Awala – Isiekenesi – Umuchima.

Ideato South Tarred road in Awala, rill erosion.

Increase in road side hazards and accidents.

Specifications for contractors’ responsibilities to cover such issues as erosion control.

5. Ama Edward – Ikpankwu – Umualoma Ndiejezie.

Ideato North Erosion Increase in road side hazards and accidents.

Road grading and landscaping, Mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and embankments, terracing.

6. Umualoma – Ikpaocha – Umuchu – Umunze.

Ideato North Erosion Reduced vehicular access.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and embankments, terracing.


21

7. Eke Ndiuche – Umucheke – Umuobom - Ndiadimoha.

Ideato North Damaged bridge rails

Increase in road side hazards and accidents

Replace damaged bridge rails, road grading and landscaping, Mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and embankments, terracing.

8. Umnoha-Orodo Road Mbaitoli Erosion and water logging


Road grading and landscaping; mulching; good drainage, construct retaining walls and culverts, terracing.

9. Ekeoha-Oboro-Amaogwu Ogwa Road

Mbaitoli Gully Erosion, poor drainage, bridge and road cut.

Reduced vehicular access; Bridge pose risk to loss of life.

Replace damaged bridge rails, road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, culvert, bridge and embankments, terracing.

10. Afor-Obazu-Orlu Road

Mbaitoli Large puddles of water on ROW

Reduced movement that affects trade.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, improved drainage and culverts, terracing.

11. Obibi Okwuo-Ogbaku-

Ejemekwuru Road Mbaitoli Vegetation in

RoW Reduced movement and trade.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage and culverts, construct retaining walls and Embankments, terracing.

12. Umuabale – Amaulu-Ubomiri – Ogbaku Road

Mbaitoli Erosion; Vegetation in RoW


Road grading and landscaping, Mulching, good drainage and culverts, terracing.

13. Umundubia-Ejimole Okolochi

Owerre West Muddy road Reduced access during raining season.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, terracing.


22

14. Ihiagwu-Eziobodo-Umuokpo Road

Owerre West Large puddles of water on ROW

Use of alternative route, high cost of transportation.

Road grading and landscaping, Mulching, improved drainage, construct retaining walls and culverts, terracing.

15. Mechanic Village – Umuoleche – Umuele – Ndindubuisi – Amamadubuike.

Okigwe

Damaged covert/bridge, vegetation on right of way.

Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/ hazards.


16. Umuchoke – Alaike – Umuoma Junction

Onuimo Patches of vegetation in RoW, road cut off; damaged bridge/covert.



17. Umuago – Ofeahia Onuimo Marshy lands in some parts.

Risk to vehicular movement

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct culvert, terracing.

18. Ikpaku –Ikpenyi – Ndianiche – Ndiayamike Ndiawa Boundary Road

Onuimo/Ideato North

Bridges without cross bars, pot holes on road.

Risk to vehicular/ pedestrian movement

Replace damaged bridge rails, road grading and landscaping, mulching.

19. Ike Umuduru – Ndiamazu – Ndiawa

Onuimo/Ideato North

Erosion

Risk to vehicular/ pedestrian access.


20. Ike Umuduru – Umuobomu

Onuimo

Flooded River to the RoW.

No vehicular movement, risk to vehicular/ pedestrian access.


21. Ekeachi – Umuogosi – Ikpaeze – Aboh Umulolo

Okigwe

Rill erosion

Increased cost of transportation and road side.



23

22. Ihube Boys High School – Prison

Okigwe

Water logging, marshy lands, erosion, vegetation in RoW.

No vehicular/ pedestrian access.


23. Amano - Umuawasa

Okigwe

Rill erosion.

Loss/ disruption of roadside community business and social activities.

Effective drainage system, mapping out road from communal area, road grading and landscaping, Mulching, construct culvert, terracing.

24. Umunachi – Umuelemae

Isiala Mbano

Erosion.


Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct culvert, retaining wall and embankments, terracing.

25. Aba branch - Umuezeala - Ama -Afor - Ebu – Alaike - Umuchima – Umuokpara.

Ehime Mbano

Erosion, vegetation in RoW, damaged bridge rails.


Replace damaged bridge rails, road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, covert, bridge and embankments, terracing.

26. Afor Ebu – Nzerem

Ehime Mbano

Erosion


Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct culvert, retaining wall and embankments, terracing.

27. Orieikpa Agbajah – Ekeolu – Umuakabia Ikpem

Ehime Mbano

Marshy lands in some parts



28. Owerri Nkworji – Aba Road

Nkwerre

Poor drainage

Loss/disruption of roadside community business and social activities.

Effective drainage system, mapping out road from communal area.


24

29. Abaja – Umundurumba – Amaigbo

Nwangele Erosion and pot holes on tarred road.

Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/hazards

Patch areas of road with potholes, road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct culvert, terracing.

30. Orlu Nkwere Express – Amokpara – Eziama Obaire – Nkume Express Road

Nkwerre

Water puddles on RoW drainages on some parts.



31. Orishieze Umukota – Ulakwo – Imerienwe

Owerri North

Erosion and pot holes on tarred road.


Patch areas of road with potholes, road grading and landscaping; mulching, good drainage; construct culvert, terracing .

32. Odoika – Dr. Duru – Afor Ubahazu Amiri

Oru West

Water puddles and vegetation on RoW


Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct culvert and terracing.

33. Duruobiaku – Amucha – Eziachi

Njaba

Poor drainage



34. Umuezike – Awomamma – Onitsha

Oru West

Poor drainage



35. Awugu-St. Patrics Catholic Church-Obizi Umukeada Road (with spur to Chokoneze Mbutu).

Ngor/ Okpala

Poor drainage



36. Umuohiagu – Ngali – Logora – Obohia

Ngor/ Okpala

Water puddles and Vegetation on ROW.




25

37. Umuchuchu – Umuneke – Ovuru Ntu

Ahiazu

Erosion and vegetation on RoW

Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/hazards.


38. Afor Eziama – Umukoro – Amalanttu – Obokwe

Ngor/ Okpala

Poor drainage


Effective drainage system, mapping out road from communal area

39. Umuogbontu – Umaku Ntu

Ngor/ Okpala

Vegetation in RoW

Decreased vehicular access


40. Council Road-Nguru

Ntu

Ngor/ Okpala

Vegetation in RoW

Decreased vehicular access.


41. Eke isu –Umuilalu – Umuoye – Afor Enyiogwu

Ngor/ Aboh Mbaise

Erosion



42. Airport junction-Eke Isu Obiangwu-Egbelu

Ngor/ Okpala

Tarred, side walkway wearing away


Sidewalks to be rehabilitated and drainage provided.

43. Umuneke Obike – Amala Obike

Ngor/ Okpala

Erosion



44. Ekeisu – Umunhi – Umuochoko – Egelu Ebube

Ngor/ Okpala

Poor drainage Water puddles on RoW


Effective drainage system, mapping out road from communal area, road grading and landscaping; mulching; construct culvert and terracing.


26

45. Umuowa – Umunehi – Obiangwu

Ngor/ Okpala

Vegetation in RoW

Decreased vehicular access.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage; construct culvert; terracing.

46. Umariam Express – Umunanu Express- Umusochei – Okohia

Obowo

Erosion, Bridge is too low and damaged rails.



47. Nduhum-Amuzi Alike-Umusode-Owugha

Obowo

Rill erosion.



48. Egbegbere-Odukume-Umukoro-Umutume (with spur to Ekeumuhiri)

Obowo

Gully erosion, slope instability.


Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and culvert, terracing.

49. Council Road – Stadium – Amakohia – Umukoro – Umuhi (with Spur from Amakohia to Umederim – Council Road).

Ihitte/Uboma Rill erosion Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/ hazards.

Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls and culvert, terracing.

50. Eke Umuawuchi – Umunumu – Umuniha

Ihitte/Uboma

Rill Erosion Swampy Vegetation in RoW.


Road Grading and Landscaping; Mulching; Good drainage; Construct Retaining walls and culvert; terracing.

51. Amainyinta Ekeikpa Umuiyi – Afor Umuiyi

Ihitte/ Uboma

Rill erosion, slope instability, road undercutting.




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52. Umuawuchi- Abueke- Ekeikpa

Ihitte/Uboma

Cracks on bridge.


Rehabilitate bridge, road grading and landscaping, Mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, culvert, bridge and embankments, terracing.

53. Afor Oru – Obohia – Ugiri ike Ikeduru – Amaimo

Ahiazu

Road cut-off by gully erosion- 450m length.


Road grading and landscaping mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, covert, bridge and embankments, terracing.

54. Obeama – Amaumara – Abia boundary River

Ahiazu

Road cut-off towards Imo river due to erosion.



55. Ekwereazu Round-about Amuzi – Amainu Obohia – Umunbiri

Ahiazu

Erosion in some parts.



56. Nnarambia Ahiara – Lude Obodo Ahiara

Ahiazu

Erosion in some parts.



57. Ogbe-Ekeala

Ahiazu

Marshy lands vegetation in RoW.



Source: Environmental and Social Screening of Prioritized 400km of Rural Roads to be Constructed/Rehabilitated under RAMP 2 in Imo State, October, 2016.

5.4 Project-Level Environmental and Social Review

At the stage of detailed project preparation, Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) shall be used to evaluate the project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence and also identify ways of improving project planning, design and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse


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environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts, including throughout the project implementation. The World Bank favours preventive measures over mitigation or compensatory measures, whenever feasible.

5.5 Method of Impact Assessment for the ESMF

All the environmental and social issues that are common to rural road sector activities have been identified through consultation with the stakeholders these are; noise and air (dust-SPM) pollution, increase road accidents, resettlement and compensation of PAPs, possible contamination of water bodies, channelization of drains, disposal of construction wastes, disobedience to culture and tradition, child abuse including vulnerable groups, challenges of increased Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS, Sexual and gender-based violence, child labour and increased crime amongst others.

5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Design and Tender Documents

Use mitigation measures developed herewith and integrate into the project design and tender documents. By using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase.

Project Design

The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will help in strengthening the benefits and sustainability of the project. Project Contract

The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have been satisfactorily implemented.


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Bill of Quantities

The tender instruction should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures, materials to be used, labor camp arrangements and waste disposal areas, as well other site specific environmental requirements.

Supervision and Monitoring

The purpose of supervision is to ensure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in the table below.


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Table 5.2: Mitigation Implémentation

S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party

Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* 1. Slope stability Specify bio-

engineering and relevant techniques.

Contractor shallcomply withclauses pertainingto mitigation inthe contract.

Identify stabilization area.

Provide list of vegetation to be planted.

Adequacy, quality of vegetation.

Survival rate of plants.

2. Spoil disposal Identify mass balance techniques.

Safe tipping areas identified and enforced.

Design spoils traps.

Do Quantify disposal and extraction volume.

Presence of scouring, erosion, damage to property, water supply disruption.

Complaints from local people

3. Water management Design safe discharge drainage and techniques (check dam) to natural water course.

Do Physical works for safe discharge drainage listed.

Evidence of fresh surface erosion, presence of gullies, increase in water turbidity, loss of agriculture forest land.

Slope condition. Public complaints.

4. Land use Explore use of marginal land.

Check impacts are limited to compensated trees and products.

Do - Quantify actual land use pattern for construction and other activities.

Public complaints.

5. Plants and wildlife Consider construction affecting forests and productive plots.

Do - Check habitats re-created on marginal roadside land.

6. Quarries and borrow pits

Design bunds to screen noise and dust.

Design re-grading slopes.

Use bio-engineering techniques for rehabilitation.

Do Quantify restoration costs and present technical specifications.

Check for water ponding, formation of gullies, water turbidity.

Check unauthorized quarrying activities.

7. Stone crushing and asphalt plants

- Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense.

Dust control equipment being utilized.

Public complaints. 8. Hazardous

materials Specify storage

facilities for explosives and toxic materials.

Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through rate for supplying

Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no losses or leaks.

Checks to ensure


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Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* materials. that protective

clothing and safety measures are used.

9. Camp operation Identify camping grounds.

Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.

Latrine construction and effective waste disposal.

Check disruption in water supply.

Re-vegetation, rehabilitation of site.

10. Dust and noise Indicate use of safe pollution level equipment.

Do Specify buffer area requirements.

Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.

Air pollution control equipment.

Dust deposition on crops and vegetation.


Public complaints. 11. Social issues Incorporate socially

acceptable design specifications.

Do - Check issues pertaining to social concern.

12. Code of conduct Develop and ensure compliance to code of conduct.

Do Specify requirements of the code of conduct and specify roles.

Ensure that all contractors sign and abide.

Monitor adherence. 13. Road maintenance

Arrangement with

the various communities on the corridor and private contractor

Penalties in case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. number of potholes per km of roads).

Specify manner of maintenance and specific roles

Harmonious relationship with well maintained road

5.7 Roles and Responsibilities for the Implementation of the ESMF

The ESMF will be implemented by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development through the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP) that by collaborating with a team of established Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists who will liaise with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv), SEPA together with the World Bank safeguards team to ensure effective execution. The below Table 5.3 shows the summary of the phases and institutional responsibilities for the screening, planning, assessment, approval and implementation of the RAMP 2 project activities in Imo State.


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Table 5.3: Roles and Responsibilities for the implementation of the ESMF

S/No. Activities Institutional Responsibility

Institutional Collaboration Implementation Responsibility

1. Identification and/or siting of the sub-project

SPIUs

Ministry of Local Government Affairs LGA CDAs/CBOs

Ministry of Works

2.

Screening, categorization and identification of the required instrument

SPIUs ESS of the SPIUs FPMU MEnv

Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv)

3. Approval of the classification and the selected instrument

SPIUs ESS-PIU SSS-PIU FPMU

FMEnv The World Bank

4. Preparation of the safeguard document/instrument (ESIA, EA and simple ESMP, etc.) in accordance with the national legislation/procedure and the Bank policies requirements)

5. Preparation and approval of the ToR

ESS-SPIUs

FMEnv MEnv Safeguards Specialist

The World Bank FMEnv

Selection of Consultant FMEnv/MEnv Procurement Officer

Safeguards Specialist Procurement Specialist


Procurement Specialist (PS-SPIU) SSS-PIU LGAs FPMU

Safeguards Consultants

Report validation and issuance of the permit (when required)

Procurement Specialist (PS-SPIU) SSS-PIU MEnv LGAs

FMEnv The World Bank MEnv

Publication of document SPIU FPMU

Media The World Bank

6.

(i) Integrating the construction phase mitigation measures and Environmental and Social clauses in the bid documents prior to advertisement; (ii) ensure that the Civil Contractors prepare site specific ESMPs; (iii) obtain approvals and integrates the relevant measures in the Works Breakdown Structure (WBS) or execution plan.

Civil engineering/technical staff in charge of the sub-project (TS-PIU)

ESS-PIU PS-PIU Design Consultants

External/Civil Supervisors MEnv Ministry of Lands, Survey,

Housing and Urban Planning

7.

Implementation of other safeguards measures, including environmental monitoring (when relevant) and sensitization activities

ESS-SPIU SSS-SPIU PS-SPIU TS-SPIU SPIU Accountant) LGAs

NGOs/CBOs

External Safeguards Specialists

MEnv NESREA


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8.

Oversight of safeguards implementation (internal)

ESS-SPIU Monitoring and Evaluation specialist (M&E-PIU)

Project Accountant Local authority

External Supervisor NGOs/CBOs

Public consultation on project safeguards performance and disclosure

State Coordinator M&E-PIU ESS-PIU SSS-PIU NGOs/CBOs

FMEnv/NESREA MEnv/SEPAs The World Bank

External oversight of the project safeguards compliance

PIU M&E-PIU ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU External Civil Supervisors

FMEnv NESREA MEnv/SEPA Safeguard Consultants

9. Building stakeholders’ capacity in safeguards management

ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU

Consultants MEnv/SEPAs

FMEnv/NESREA 10.

Independent evaluation of safeguards performance (Audit)

ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU NGOs/CBOs

PIU MEnv/SEPAs Ministry of Lands, Survey,

Housing and Urban Planning.The World Bank


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CHAPTER SIX

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

6.1 Mechanism for Consultation and Participation

Public consultation will be an on-going activity throughout the entire project life-cycle.

Subject to PMU’s approval, information about the project will be shared with the public, to enable meaningful contribution, and enhance the success of the project. The different channels for communication and consultation are:

Meetings, filling in of questionnaires/ application forms, public readings and explanations of project ideas and requirements.

Publication in print and electronic media, preferably all local papers, notice boards near project sites, posters in strategic locations and many public places.

The means of communication must also take into consideration the literacy levels in the rural communities by allowing enough time for responses and feedback and putting messages in local language(s).

6.2 Identifying Stakeholders

The stakeholders are defined as all people and institutions that have an interest in the planning and execution of the project, potentially affected communities; traditional rulers/ religious leaders, NGOs/CBOs, Local Government officials, State MDAs, local/social and professional groups e.g., farmers, market women, road transport workers etc.

6.3 ESMF Update and Public Involvement

Relevant stakeholders were consulted during the update of the ESMF to include Imo State, as shown in plates 6.1and 6.2, however the report of the stakeholders meeting together with the attendance sheet are presented in appendices 2 and 4.

The ESMF preparation involved stakeholders’ consultation and participation in all the fives (5) States. The major stakeholders identified and consulted for the preparation of the updated ESMF in Imo State consisted of various government (State and Federal) MDAs. Some of the organizations are the Imo State RAMP II-SPIU, NEWMAP (State SPIU/State Ministry of Environment and Agriculture, Imo State Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (Supervising Ministry for Imo RAMP II), Imo State Accountant-General Office, Transitional Chairmen of three (3) Local Governments (representing all the 27 Local


35

Government Transitional Chairmen of Imo State), and the South-East Regional Office of the National Environmental Standards, Regulatory and Enforcement Agency (NESREA).

It is however considered that the public involvement initiated by the ESMF will be built upon at the various project levels in the State.

This will afford the SPIU to:

clarify the project's objectives in terms of stakeholders’ needs and concerns

identify feasible alternatives (in particular alternative locations) and examine their relative merits in terms of environmental, social and economic factors

identify and prioritise environmental and social issues and establish the scope of future studies and/or site specific management plan

Identify processes for continued stakeholders’ involvement.

The outcome of the consultation in Imo State are highlighted below:

In determining and designing of the road projects there should be an inclusion of the relevant stakeholders’ and beneficiaries’ opinions of the project affected persons.

Ensure strict adherence to project design and timely completion.

Proper understanding of roles and collaboration between MDAs in the entire management of the project.

Even if the project may not lead to any large scale social and environmental resources, adherence to both national and State/local laws in the execution of projects.

Existing MDAs should be strengthened through capacity building (trainings, seminar, workshops etc) and also be assisted with air quality and noise monitoring equipments for the monitoring of air quality particularly in areas that are very close to major landmarks such as schools, health centres and also ensure adequate monitoring and enforcement mechanism.

The political class should not take undue advantage to circumvent the essence of the project or cause undue influence such that the supposed are deprived or not benefited.

Give adequate opportunity to local contractors and skills in all the facets of the project.

Adequate compensation should be paid to all the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) who will lose their farmland, property and business shelters or structures.

Road accidents should be prevented during construction by the use of adequate signs, public sensitizations and implementation of a world-class traffic management plan.

Drains should not be directed towards peoples gardens, farmland, houses, burial or cultural sites and toward sources of portable water of the communities.


36

Enough reservoir should be constructed to prevent flash floods.

Adequate protection of the soil so as not to trigger erosion.

Contractors should give due cognizance should be given to native customs and traditions with particular attention on not defiling the land in order to avoid what is referred to as “ikwu-ala” (cleansing of the land).

Plate 6.1: (From the front row) Barrister Anuebunwa (Representing Transition Chairman, Onuimo LGA),

Ogunsawe David (Consultant), Engr. Obinna Nshirim (Transition Chairman of Ikeduru LGA), Engr. Uzor (Coordinator, Imo RAMP II), Chief Clifford Orjiako (Transition Chairman, Nwangele LGA), Mrs. Uzoma Ijeoma (Head, Imo PFMU) and Engr. Victor Anueyiagu (SPC-Imo NEWMAP) during the stakeholders meeting on Imo

RAMP II in Owerri, Imo State.

Plate 6.2:From the left Engr. Obinna Nshirim (Transition Chairman of Ikeduru LGA), Chief Clifford Orjiako-

standing (Transition Chairman, Nwangele LGA) , Mrs. IIwuagwu Ogechi (Safeguards Specialist, Imo RAMP II & NEWMAP) and other participants during the stakeholders meeting on Imo RAMP II in Owerri, Imo State.


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6.4 Commonalties and Differences in the States

Interactions with the stakeholders were positive and they want the project to commence in earnest.

Nevertheless, general knowledge of legal instruments on environmental and social (ESIA and EMP) issues needs to be reinforced in the various States. While some of the States have more considerable experience in the management of ESIA/EMP for instance, others do not have. For instance, recommendation from stakeholders in Imo State is the request for capacity building of staff on safeguards. In other words, capacity to ensure environmental performance of the project needs to be enhanced as these seem inadequate in the beneficiary States.

6.5 ESMF Disclosures

All safeguards reports for projects shall be publicly disclosed and made available to the project affected groups, associations, NGOs, CBOs and the general public as a whole.

The outline of information to be disclosed is presented in the table below.

Table 6.1: Typical Information to be Disclosed

Topic Documents to be Disclosed Frequency Media

Public Consultation

Minutes of formal public consultation meetings

Within two weeks of meeting

World Bank’s Info-shop, implementation agency’s website/Project Management Unit and Project Implementation Units (PIU), Ministry of Environment, Local Government Area

Environment Management

ESMF, ESIA, EMP with key actions, safeguard monitoring reports and audit.

Prior to awarding works and to remain on website

World Bank’s Info-shop. Implementation agency’s website/Project Management Unit and Project, Implementation Units (PIU), Ministry of Environment, Local Government Area.


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CHAPTER SEVEN

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES

7.0 Introduction

This chapter describes the environmental and social mitigation measures associated with the potential negative impacts associated with project implementation.

7.1 Approaches to Developing Mitigation Measure Options to address the various environmental and social issues identified have been worked out based on the review of good practices and requirement of compliance with the legal provisions as well as consultations with the relevant stakeholders. The principle that guides the approach to mitigation measure development is outlined below.

Table 7.1: Approach to Mitigation Measure Development

Mitigation Measure Practice 1. Seek alternatives to avoid particular

impacts. Consider alternatives to a proposed project activity. Examine alternative ways to achieve the objectives to

maximize benefits and minimize undesirable impacts. 2. Arrange compensation where

particular impacts are unavoidable. Restore damaged resources, such as, water source, irrigation

system, forest. Proper rehabilitation scheme, such as, skills training, new

employment. Adequate compensation payments to affected persons for

damage or loss of property, livelihood and provision of rehabilitation measures.

3. Take corrective measures to reduce unavoidable effects.

Consider corrective measures to reduce adverse impacts to acceptable standards, such as, remove spoil material during construction, replace or relocate community water source, assist in school expansion to handle influx of laborers' children, and others.

4. Implement preventive measures to avoid some impacts altogether.

Pre-preparation for minimizing adverse impacts, such as, implement health education program, initiate public awareness programs.

Source: Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2003, DoR.


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7.2Mitigation Measures

The appropriate mitigation measures suitable to the project are suggested in table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Summary of Envisaged Activities/Impacts and Mitigation Measures

S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts

Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))

General planning and designing new and existing roads 1. Project preparation

(Planning & Design)

Incorporate environmental and social concerns in project preparation. Ensure that construction activities take cognizance of sensitive ecosystems

such as forest reserve/sanctuaries/wetlands etc. Compliance with legal requirements. Chose or develop design standards for each facet of construction and related

activities—road beds, road surface, drainage, erosion control, re-vegetation, river crossing, sensitive areas, steep slopes, material extraction, transport, storage, construction camps, waste management and decommissioning (P&D).

Provide plans to identify, protect and use sensitive habitats (P&D). Take into account problems of soil and slope stability and local weather and

other natural phenomena viz erosion, flooding, earthquakes, heavy rain, mudslides, drought (P&D).

Develop a flood/erosion control plan for all projects (P&D). 2. Route planning

Involve multi-disciplinary team in planning new routes (P&D). Avoid routing road through sites of known paleontological, archeological,

historic, religious, or cultural significance (P&D) Avoid routing across agriculturally productive soils. Consider the problems of soil, slope stability, local weather and other

ecological phenomena (P&D). Where possible, site roads should follow hill contours and avoid creating

slopes greater than 10 degrees. Avoid gradients greater than 10 percent and long straight downhill stretches

(P&D) (C). Identify sites for temporary and permanent storage of excavated material and

construction materials (P&D) (C). Avoid environmentally sensitive areas and explore possible compromise

alternatives. (P&D) (C). Avoid constructing roads through forest areas (if possible) else protect or

restore forests elsewhere in the drainage basin as close as possible to those lost (P&D).

Minimize aesthetic and scenic impacts (P&D). Avoid citing roads along migration routes of animals (P&D) If sensitive areas cannot be avoided, involve ecologists and engineers in

designing road, construction camp, quarries, and other areas (P&D) (C).


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S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


3. Construction contracts

Select or develop guidelines and procedures to be applied for each phase of project activities and incorporate into contracts for construction companies viz; site clearing, bed and surface construction, drainage, fuel and material usage, quarry site management, construction camp and work site operating procedures, including worker safety.

Include incentives for adherence to guidelines and penalties for violation. 4. Maintenance

agreements

Finalize maintenance agreements with local communities before construction. Define roles and ensure commitment of parties to terms of the agreement,

such as job description, time, frequency, compensation, and limits. 5. Code of conduct Develop and ensure strict adherence to the code of conduct to be signed by all

contractors and contract employees against any form of child abuse including sex with under-age or any vulnerable group, rape or sexual assault, child labour or exploitation and any form of discrimination.

Implementing Agency should ensure zero tolerance to non-adherence and would be held responsible for non-enforcement.

6. Sloped areas and raised roads

Stabilize slopes by planting local plant species. Work with agronomists to identify native species with the best erosion control

properties, root strength, site adaptability, and other socially useful properties. Set up nurseries in project areas to supply necessary plants. Use soil stabilizing chemicals or geo-textiles (fabrics) where feasible and

appropriate (P&D) (C). Minimize use of vertical road cuts even though they are easier to construct and

require less space than flatter slopes. The majority of road cuts should have no more than a 0.75:1 or 1:1 slope to promote plant growth. Vertical cuts are acceptable in rocky landscapes and in well-cemented soils (P&D) (C)

Install drainage ditches or berms on uphill slopes to divert water. (P&D) (C). Install drainage turnouts at more frequent intervals and check dams to reduce

ditch erosion (P&D) (C). If possible, use higher grade gravel that is much less prone to erosion (P&D)

(C). If very steep sections cannot be avoided, provide soil stabilizers or surface

with asphalt or concrete (P&D) (C). Planning and designing existing- Existing Roads (Reconstruction/Repair/Realignment) 1. Road surface is

below grade of surrounding

Raise road surface with stable fill material. Grade with in-slope, out-slope, or cambered shape. Install sufficient cross-drains ditches, and settling ponds (P&D) (C) (O&M).

2. Road is steeply sloped and eroding

Consider realigning the road sections to conform with preferred design parameters described above.

Decommission original road sections after realignment (P&D) (C) (O&M).

3. Deteriorated road surface

Determine cause of deterioration. If heavily used, find a means of reducing traffic or upgrade road to more durable surface— gravel, asphalt, or concrete (P&D) (C) (O&M).


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S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


Road grading (P&D) (C) Landscaping

4. High-speed Driving

Realign road sections to meander; curving roads deter speeding (P&D). Add speed bumps in villages or populated areas (C).

5. Road sections with multiple tracks/off-road driving

Maintain or upgrade road so section no longer floods or becomes muddy (P&D) (O&M).

Raise the road bed or define the roadway with rocks. Realign the road to a better area. Avoid very flat terrain (P&D) (O&M).

6. Road section must be realigned

Remove surface and loosen soil of previous track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation.

Block access with rocks, branches, roadblocks, and signs. Narrow tracks usually re-vegetate naturally with no noticeable scars. Wider roads may require planting and reseeding (C) (O&M).

Construction 1. Site preparation Relocation of utilities, common property resources and cultural properties.

Avoid wanton destruction of roadside vegetation. 2. Construction

camps Avoid sensitive areas for location of construction camps Infrastructure arrangements for workers and construction equipment.

3. Borrow pits and Quarry Management

Obtain necessary statutory licenses Avoid agriculture lands as borrow areas. Minimize impact within (500m) radius (P&D) (C). Take safety precautions. Ensure operations are in line with the ESMP. No night crushing Adequate warning prior to blasting Decommission all sites as per approved ESMP.

4. Compacting

Water the road immediately before compacting to strengthen the road surface (P&D) (C).

When possible, delay compacting until the beginning of the wet season or when water becomes more available (P&D) (C).

5. Topsoil salvage, storage & replacement

Topsoil removal from areas temporarily/permanently used for construction. Re-use of topsoil for re-vegetation

6. Water for construction

Extract water in areas of scarcity with consent of community. Schedule construction activities as per water availability.

7. Capacity Building and Monitoring

Develop the required capacity to monitor compliance particularly safeguard issues.

Ensure compliance monitoring and reporting. 8. Slope stability and

erosion control Slope stability along hill roads. Protect land on hill side from stability loss due to cutting. Protect land on valley side from debris due to construction.


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S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


Adequacy of drainage for erosion control. Conduct geological/geomorphological studies, investigate and recommend

best available options. Use civil engineering and bio-engineering measures. Measures taken to avoid undercutting of slope toes. Quarry activities must avoid river beds, where flood discharge is significant.

9. Road surface help or be adverse to road user

Comfort

Stabilize the road surface with gravel, murram, and other rocky surfacing materials.

Grade the road.

10. Waste management Ensure waste management practices are in line with the ESMP. Protect land on valley side from debris due to construction. Consider adequacy of drainage for erosion control. Develop adequate waste management plan. Engage accredited waste management company(ies).

11. Water bodies/ perennial and intermittent rivers and streams

Avoidance from cutting due to alignment. Protect embankment of slopes in case of alignment. Rehabilitate water body.

12. Wetlands Avoid routing through these areas (see “Route planning” above for additional guidance) (P&D).

Minimize cuts and fills and compensate for impact by protecting other wetlands (P&D) I.

Take special precautions to prevent dumping of debris etc I. Use elevated porous fills (rock-fills) or multiple pipes to maintain natural

groundwater and near-surface flow patterns (C ). 13. Drainage Conduct hydrological investigations during project preparation.

Provision of longitudinal and cross drainage as per requirements. Proper location of drainage outfall. Install drainage structures during rather than after construction. (P&D) I. Clearly define the type of road surface shapes and drainage methods—in-

sloped, out-sloped, or crown roadway—to be used for each section of roadway. Use outside ditches control surface water when necessary (P&D) I. Install diversion structures, such as cross drains, drivable, rolling dips, or water

bars, to move water off the road frequently and minimize concentration of water (P&D) I.

Install drainage crossings to pass water from uphill to downhill (P&D) I. Stabilize outlet ditches (inside and outside) with small stone riprap or

vegetative barriers placed on contours (P&D) I. Extend runout drains far enough (P&D) I. Visually spot check for drainage problems and ensure appropriate corrective

measures I.


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S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


14. Construction plants & equipment management

Maintain machines and equipments regularly to avoid pollution. Minimize use of heavy machines (P&D) I. Set schedules maintenance (P&D) I. Investigate and use less toxic alternative products (P&D) I. Prevent fuel tank leaks by monitoring storage facilities.

15. Spoil disposal Minimize spoil by balancing cut and fill wherever possible Safe tipping areas identified and enforced. Spoil traps constructed. Land owner compensated.

16. Hazardous material Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no losses or leaks. Checks to ensure that protective clothing and safety measures are used.

17. Tree plantation Avoid impact on trees. Plant multiple local trees species in lieu of destroyed ones. Encourage tree planting along roadside.

18. Sensitive Ecosystems

Identify sensitive ecosystems. Develop EMP for roads passing through fragile habitats.

19. Air and dust pollution

Ensure stringent air pollution control measures. Regular maintenance of both mobile and stationery equipments. Ensure the use of high-efficient burners. Periodically monitor air quality parameters particularly at areas closer to

major socially and environmentally sensitive landmarks. Regularly spray water to avoid Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

particularly during the dry season. Plant dense vegetation on roadside.

20. Noise Schedule work to minimize disturbance. Inform the public when loud noise will be generated. Carry out schedule maintenance of equipment.

21. Workers health & safety and emergency response

Provide and enforce use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs). Have on-site first-aid kits. Have dedicated emergency response numbers Develop and implement emergency response plan Have Retainership with healthcare providers in the case of medical

emergencies. Create awareness for staff on STIs including HIV/AIDS.


44

S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


22. Public health and safety at construction Site

Develop and implement sound safety plan. Ensure public safety while travel along construction sites. Have dedicated traffic management plan/team. Install adequate warning signs, delineators and barriers in appropriate places

including speed limits and if possible in local languages. Effective road safety awareness among affected communities using

appropriate media and local languages. Control speed using speed bumps. Carry out road safety audits and make recommendations. Contractor should develop an acceptable site-specific Environment, Health

and Safety (HSE) plan. Reduce associated construction site risks to the workers and the public –

safety. Ensure compliance to rules for work operations be instituted by the Contractors, including, but not limited to; location of plant equipment away from sensitive locations (hospitals, schools, etc.), equipment operation procedures, safety barriers, warning signs, first aid and medical kits and procedures, and safety training for the workers.

Reducing health risks from compound living conditions and interaction with the community – employee rules and information campaigns shall be instituted by the Contractor on health practices and communicable diseases.

The Contractor shall also ensure that the prevention and treatment facilities are made available to his employees.

23. Cultural practices

and properties Ensure compliance to native customs. Educate workers and contractors on native customs of the project area. Avoid unnecessary impacts due to project. Protect boundaries from impacts due to construction. Relocate in case impacts are unavoidable.

24. Land use and resettlement issues

Stand-alone Resettlement Action Plan that is acceptable to The Bank be developed to address all the resettlement impacts.

25. Local people excluded from project activities

Designs should incorporate methods within the skills of local people. Contractors should (where possible) use local labor.

26. Promises made to local people during feasibility and planning phases

Checks to ensure that the promises are fulfilled; if they prove to be not possible, reasonable alternatives must be negotiated.

27. Road closure and detours

Liaise with project communities and agree on when closure, detours and alternatives.

Contractor install and maintain warning signs Avoid collision with construction vehicles. Speed restrictions.

28. Graveyards and Avoid disturbance through:


45

S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


sacred areas (i) adjustments to alignments; and/or (ii) drainage and other design measures to avoid excessive runoff or erosion

onto the graveyard or burial. If any impact is unavoidable, the appropriate compensation measures will be

applied as per the RPF/RAP 29. Chance finds of

cultural resources Specify procedures for archaeological “chance finds” during the course of

construction activities in contract document in line with Physical Cultural (OP/BP 4.11).

30. Grievance Mechanism

Taking into cognizance tradition grievance redress mechanism, the project should would a project specific grievance redress and feedback mechanism to: Provides information about project implementation; Provides a forum for resolving grievances and disputes at the lowest level; Resolve disputes relatively quickly before they escalate to an unmanageable

level; Facilitate effective communication between the project and affected persons; Help win the trust and confidence of community members in the project and

creates productive relationships between the parties; Ensure equitable and fair distribution of benefits, costs, and risks; Mitigate or prevent adverse impacts of the project on communities and

produces appropriate corrective or preventive action; and Help avoid project delays and cost increase and improve quality of work.

31. Gender and Prevention of Sexual and Gender Based Violence

Engage CBOs/NGOs etc within the community to monitor activities including the protection of vulnerable population (especially women/minors) from risks associated with the influx of workers such as sexual harassment, underage sex, rape, violence and child exploitation.

Project to establish a code of conduct for contractor employees and contract workers, acknowledging a zero-tolerance policy towards child labor and child sexual exploitation (with contractors/Resident Engineers/implementing agency held accountable for enforcement).

Develop and implement a robust STIs including HIV/AIDS sensitization programme while targeting youths as well as other highly vulnerable groups such as girls and sexually active women, the commercial sex workers in collaboration with the National and State Agencies for the Control of AIDS (NACA/SACA) on protection and treatment.

32. Information

dissemination Ensure continuous information dissemination on environmental and social

risks using appropriate local media (print and electronic). Disseminate the information in local languages for wider coverage.

33. Environmental and Social Compliance

Develop ESMP Ensure compliance to social and environmental issues

Operation and Maintenance 1. Road

Maintenance Monitor and maintain drainage structures and ditches including culverts. Clean out culverts and side channels and run-outs when they begin to fill with


46

S/No Activities

Envisaged/ Impacts


sediment and lose their effectiveness (O&M). Fill mud holes and potholes with good quality gravel; remove trees and limbs

obscuring roadways (O&M). Use water from settling basins and retention ponds for road maintenance

(O&M). Ensure a combined approach, with a private contractor performing

mechanized maintenance and subcontracting labor-intensive maintenance to the communities.

Ensure the maintenance contracts are performance-based with penalties in case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. flouting safety rules, number of potholes per km of roads).

Ensure regular maintenance of equipments in order to reduce or possibly eliminate environmental pollution.

Decommissioning 2. Decommissioning

Break old road surfaces and soil. Remove and dispose surfacing material if necessary and loosen soil of previous

track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation. Reshape eroded or culled surfaces with out-sloping, or add cross drains or

water bars so water will no longer follow the course of the roadway Re-vegetate as needed. Narrow tracks will usually re-vegetate naturally with no noticeable scars or impact on the environment, but wider roads may require active planting and reseeding (O&M).

Block access with rocks, branches, roadblocks and signs.

7.3 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Design and Tender Documents

Use mitigation measures developed herewith and integrate into the project design and tender documents. By using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase.

Project Design

The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will help in strengthening the benefits and sustainability of the project. Project Contract

The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have been satisfactorily implemented.


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Bill of Quantities

The tender instruction should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures, materials to be used, labor camp arrangements and waste disposal areas, as well other site specific environmental requirements.

Supervision and Monitoring

The purpose of supervision is to ensure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in the table below.


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Table 7.3: Mitigation Implémentation S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party

Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* 1. Slope stability Specify bio-

engineering and relevant techniques.

Contractor shallcomply withclauses pertainingto mitigation inthe contract.

Identify stabilization area.

Provide list of vegetation to be planted.

Adequacy, quality of vegetation.


2. Spoil disposal Identify mass balance techniques.

Safe tipping areas identified and enforced.

Design spoils traps.

Do Quantify disposal and extraction volume.

Presence of scouring, erosion, damage to property, water supply disruption.

Complaints from local people

3. Water management Design safe discharge drainage and techniques (check dam) to natural water course.

Do Physical works for safe discharge drainage listed.

Evidence of fresh surface erosion, presence of gullies, increase in water turbidity, loss of agriculture forest land.

Slope condition. Public complaints.

4. Land use Explore use of marginal land.

Check impacts are limited to compensated trees and products.

Do - Quantify actual land use pattern for construction and other activities.

Public complaints.

5. Plants and wildlife Consider construction affecting forests and productive plots.

Do - Check habitats re-created on marginal roadside land.

6. Quarries and borrow pits

Design bunds to screen noise and dust.

Design re-grading slopes.

Use bio-engineering techniques for rehabilitation.

Do Quantify restoration costs and present technical specifications.

Check for water ponding, formation of gullies, water turbidity.

Check unauthorized quarrying activities.

7. Stone crushing and asphalt plants

- Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense.

Dust control equipment being utilized.

Public complaints. 8. Hazardous

materials Specify storage

facilities for explosives and toxic

Do Amount to be included in contractor's own

Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no


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Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* materials. expense through rate

for supplying materials.

losses or leaks. Checks to ensure

that protective clothing and safety measures are used.

9. Camp operation Identify camping grounds.

Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.

Latrine construction and effective waste disposal.

Check disruption in water supply.

Re-vegetation, rehabilitation of site.

10. Dust and noise Indicate use of safe pollution level equipment.

Do Specify buffer area requirements.

Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.

Air pollution control equipment.

Dust deposition on crops and vegetation.


Public complaints. 11. Social issues Incorporate socially

acceptable design specifications.

Do - Check issues pertaining to social concern.

12. Code of conduct Develop and ensure compliance to code of conduct.

Do Specify requirements of the code of conduct and specify roles.

Ensure that all contractors sign and abide.

Monitor adherence. 13. Road maintenance

Arrangement with

the various communities on the corridor and private contractor

Penalties in case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. number of potholes per km of roads).

Specify manner of maintenance and specific roles

Harmonious relationship with well maintained road


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CHAPTER EIGHT

INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION

8.1 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building

This ESMF provides the required platform for the management of the environmental and social safeguards components associated with RAMP 2 sub-projects, the successful implementation of the ESMF will depend largely on the degree of collaboration of relevant institutions. This will ensure that the sub-projects are implemented with due cognizance to the environment and its resources. The roles of the major stakeholder institutions are identified are presented in the below table by matching the various components of the RAMP 2 sub-project activities together with the corresponding institutions that has the statutory responsibilities such as issuance of licences, permits, assessment, monitoring and enforcement.

The RAMP II project as a whole would be implemented and monitored by the Technical Steering Committee (Board) consisting of relevant stakeholders across participating institutions with the PMUs managing activities of the entire project in each State.

The respective implementing agencies will constitute its Project Implementation Units (PIUs).

As a point of emphasis, the PMU, has the mandate to:

Co-ordinate the project programmes and actions in the various States;

Plan, coordinate, manage and develop the various sub-project activities;

Prepare plans for RAMP management and development.

The roles and responsibilities of the institutions required to effectively implement the program and projects with a view to ensuring sustainable management of the environmental and social components of the projects are outline in the table below.

Table 8.1: Safeguard Responsibilities Safeguard Responsibilities

S/No Category Roles

1. Federal Government MDAs such as the Federal Ministry of Environment and NESREA

- Lead role -provision of advice on screening, scoping, review of draft EA/EMP report (in liaison with State Ministry of Environment), receiving comments from stakeholders, public hearing of the project proposals, and convening a technical decision-making panel, Project categorization for EA, applicable standards, environmental and social liability investigations, monitoring and evaluation process and other criteria.


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Safeguard Responsibilities S/No Category Roles

2. State Government MDAs (Ministry of Lands, Survey, Housing and Urban Planning, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Local Government, other MDAs etc

- Compliance overseer at State level on matters of land acquisition, compensation and other resettlement issues.

- Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected.

- Participate in the EA processes and decision-making process that helps prevent or minimize impacts and to mitigate them. These institutions may also be required to issue consent or approval for an aspect of a project; allow an area to be included in a project; or allow impact to a certain extent or impose restrictions or conditions, monitoring responsibility or supervisory oversight.

3. World Bank - Assess implementation - Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework

and implementation performance. 4. PMU Safeguards Unit - Liaise closely with the Ministry of Environment in preparing a co-ordinated

response on the environmental and social aspects of project development.

5. Local government - Liaise with the PMU to verify the adequacy of resettlement location and provide approval for such sites, provide additional resettlement area(s) if the designated locations are not adequate, provide necessary infrastructures in relocated areas, engage and encourage the carrying out comprehensive awareness campaign for the proposed sub-projects amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups.

6. NGOs/CSOs/CDAs, CBOs - Assist in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions. - Conduct scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and

devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques. - Organize, coordinate and ensure safe use of volunteers in a response action and

actually identify where these volunteers can effectively be used. - Provide wide support helpful in management planning,

institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter. - Monitor project impacts and mitigation measure, awareness campaigns.

7. The General Public - Same as above

Specific areas for effective institutional capacity requirements are given in the table below.


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Table 8.2: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management Training Modules on Environment and Social Management

Programme Description Participants Form Of Training

Duration/Location

Training Conducting Agency

Sensitization Workshop

Introduction to the environment: Basic concepts of the

environment and sustainable development.

Environmental regulations and statutory requirements in Nigeria and World Bank.

Chief Engineer/ Superintending Engineers of Implementing Agency and Project Coordinator, Safeguards unit, Procurements & other relevant groups

Workshop ½ day Safeguards Specialists, external agency engaged for capacity building.

Module I Introduction to the environment: Basic concept of the

environment and environmental management.

Environmental regulations and statutory requirements as per Governments and The World Bank.

Engineers of implementing MDAs (MEnv/SEPA.

Lecture ¼ day Safeguards Specialists, Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.

-Module II Environmental considerations in sub-projects:

Environmental components affected by urban development in construction and operation stages.

Rural agricultural practices and environmental degradation.

Challenges of pest control and the environment.

Environmental management practices in urban and rural projects.

Stakeholders’ collaboration in rural project management.

Engineers of implementing MDAs (MEnv/SEPA units), community leaders/CBOs/NGOs

Workshop 1 day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.

Module III Review of the EIA requirements and its integration into designs:

ESIA methodology Environmental

provisions. Implementation

arrangements Methodology of

assessment and pollution

Engineers of implementing MDAs

Lecture and field visit

½ day Safeguards Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.


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Training Modules on Environment and Social Management Programme Description Participants Form Of

Training Duration/Location

Training Conducting Agency

monitoring. Methodology for site

selection of waste disposal area etc.

Module IV Stakeholders participation: Overview of RAMP 2 Environmental & social

impacts Statutory permissions –

procedural requirements Co-operation &

coordination with other MDAs in monitoring

Officials of MEnv/SEPA, and other relevant MDAs


1 day Safeguards Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.

Module V Stakeholders role in civil works and agricultural practices:

Roles and responsibilities of officials/contractors/ consultants in environmental protection and implementation arrangements.

Monitoring mechanisms.

Officials of MEnv/SEPA, and other line MDAs


1 day Safeguards Specialists of Design Consultant/ external agency engaged for capacity building

Module VI Monitoring and reporting system, community participatory monitoring and evaluation

Engineers of implementing Agency, MEnv/SEPA, & relevant MDAs, Community leaders/CBOs/NGOs

1 day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.

8.2 ESMF Communication Plan

The ESMF communication plan refers to specific guidelines and protocols consistent with the principles of participation that will govern the project and which will be reflected in the communication plans, including the communication plans of the social safeguard frameworks of the RAMP II project in Imo State.

They are:

I. establishment of feasible participation mechanisms, II. establishment of participation mechanisms for transparency, responsibility of

delivery of public service and an anticorruption approach; III. promotion of mechanisms for dialogue based on realistic; IV. integration of most vulnerable groups, such as women, young persons, children,

older persons and indigenous communities.


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8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring

The Imo State PMU Safeguard Units will commence monitoring as an important feedback mechanism. This will ensure that the environmental and social mitigation measures in this ESMF are;

Complied with during the implementation and are strengthened by arising situations;

Identified in the planning phase (contained in the EA report), and incorporated in the project design and cost are being implemented;

Maintained throughout the construction phase and where applicable in the operational phase and the decommissioning of phase, facilities and equipment; and

In the case of inadequacy, additional remedial actions are identified (including corrective measures or re-design of mitigation measures).

The methodology for monitoring the implementation of mitigation measures or environmental impacts should be simple, standardized while necessary useful information are collected for ease of implementation by the respective sub-project implementers.

The monitoring responsibilities would be carried out by the following:

PMUs Safeguard Units: will effectively monitor all the engaged civil contractors to ensure strict adherence to the environmental and social clauses and principles for all the RAMP activities (not readily identified now). The monitoring results from the executing agencies would be reported to the MEnv/SEPA, for necessary action.

MEnv/SEPA (Federal and State levels): The Ministry of Environment/SEPAs will carry out its own compliance monitoring in order to ensure that the conditions for the issuance of permit and relevant standards and mitigation measures are being fulfilled by operators in the sub-projects.

MDAs: all the relevant MDAs would participate in the monitoring while taking into cognizance the specific components as it relates to the agencies’ areas of statutory responsibility(ies).

Local Governments: as the closest tier of government, the LGAs would participate in the monitoring to ensure and verify adequacy of implementation and mitigation measures.

Communities/CBOs/NGOs: will be involved in the collection of useful data that to be used in monitoring and realigning the project in line with sustainability plan as such they will play a role in the monitoring framework.


56

World Bank and AFD: will continuously appraise and monitor the implementation of the ESMF together with other safeguards instruments and make additional suggestions/recommendation as the need may arise.

8.4 Environmental Code of Conduct, Social Integration and Participation

An indicative environmental and social code of conduct for rural access infrastructure development for contractors that shall work on the project is shown in Appendix 5.

Table 8.3: Inclusion of Social Clauses and Mitigation Measures

S/n Social Clause Mitigation Measures 1. Community participation Participation in decision- making on issues concerning them.

Involvement of affected people for consultation, preparation and implementation A summary of the views expressed and consider in preparing the resettlement

plans/EMP. Review of the alternatives and choices by affected persons wherever options are

available to them. 2. Integration with host

populations & promotion of social inclusion

Use existing local groups rather than form new ones. Reduce social exclusion by increasing access to opportunities especially the

marginalized. Socially marginalized groups and individuals must fully participate. Target women and youths.

3. Social inclusion & avoidance of elite capture/ vulnerable groups

Encourage programmes that meet peoples’ needs and reduce the feeling of alienation.

Include special efforts (affirmative action) to fully integrate socially marginalized. Ensure access to information through participatory village focus groups. Partnership to remove the barriers to social inclusion. Place emphasis on the views and needs of the vulnerable groups.

4. Gender issues Ensure road-project opportunities targets at least 50% of women. Conduct gender study that strive to mainstream gender concerns in the use of,

access to and maintenance of roads. 5. Avoidance of promotion of

any conflict among community groups

Ensure an agreement on expectations. Faithful implementation of memorandums of understanding (MoU). Ensure equitable service delivery. Ensure generalized benefits regardless of ethnic, gender, generation, health

conditions or socio-economic status. Encourage cross-cultural communication that could facilitate peaceful coexistence,

harmony and mutual partnerships. Faithful implementation of memorandum of understanding by stakeholders Design sub-project activities to encourage cross-cultural communication systems

that facilitate human coexistence, harmony and mutual partnerships. Impact of resettlement on host communities should always be seen as very urgent

issues to treat through: o arrangements for prompt tendering of any payment due the hosts for land or other

assets provided to Project affected persons; o arrangements for addressing any conflict that may arise between PAPs and host

communities; and o any measures necessary to augment services (e.g., education, water, health, and


57

production services) in host communities

6. Implementation Arrangements

Include and ensure community participation and oversight in their domains. Description of responsible for implementation of compensation payment and

resettlement activities should be outlined and an assessment of the institutional capacity of such agencies and NGOs.

7. Accountability in the use of public funds

Participatory planning, budgeting and monitoring Public information dissemination fund use Collective embracement of the tenets of probity, accountability and transparency.

8. Grievance procedures To resolving conflict in the communities use existing traditional methods that are affordable and accessible procedures for redressal of disputes such as: community meetings, elders-in-council, dialogue, council of chiefs, appeals and summons, elders assembly, religious leaders, youth council, women groups, and ultimately the police and courts.

9. Implementation schedule Ensure an implementation schedule covering all payments of compensation and other applicable resettlement activities from preparation through implementation, including target dates for the achievement of expected benefits to PAPs and hosts and terminating the various forms of assistance.

The schedule should indicate how the resettlement activities are linked to the implementation of the overall project.

The affected persons and CBOs/NGOs should be abreast of the schedule 10. Project Monitoring Ensure local communities/CBOs/NGOs play significant roles in the monitoring

framework. 11. Establishment of code of

conduct Develop and ensure adherence to code of conduct for contractor employees and

contract workers. Ensure zero-tolerance policy towards any form of child abuse including child labour

and sexual exploitation. Ensure zero tolerance toward violence and abuse of vulnerable groups such as

women and minors including rape. Implementing agency should be held responsible for non-adherence.


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8.5 Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State

To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures suggested as part of the ESMF, the indicative budget is presented below.


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Table 8.4: Estimated Annual Indicative Budget for ESMF in Imo State Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State

S/No. ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions

Total Cost/Annum (N)

1. 2.

Capacity Building for PIU Personnel Training Programs held in-country

2,500,000.00

Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholders Engagement

Monthly estimated expenses of 5000 each for 2 persons -per year

Based on actual expenses

3. 4. 5. 6.

Environmental Screening of transactions

No additional budget No additional budget

Engagement of Specialists Assume specialists may be engaged times to investigate issues

To be worked out at the commencement of contract/engagement.

Field Visits to facility locations Field visits estimated for 2 PMU personnel per year including transportation, accommodation and daily allowances.

3,400,000.00

Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholder Engagement

No additional budget Based on actual expenses

7. 8. 9.

ESMP Scoping Workshops ESMP Scoping workshops per year

As part of the ESMP preparation

ESMP Reports Assume average cost of each ESMP depending on the extent of the road

9,500,00.00

Engagement of Environmental and Social Specialists

As part of the EMP preparation

10. Grievance Redress and beneficiary feedback management.

Sundry expenses for transportation and other logistics

1,200,000.00

11. Monitoring Compliance with ESMP on E&S issues during pre-operations and operational activities

Assume quarterly monitoring activities over 5 days each quarter per year

3,000,000.00

Sub-Total 19,600,000.00

Contingency 10% of sub-total 1,960,000.00

Total 21,560,000.00

Twenty One Million, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Naira Only.


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Bibliography

Elizabeth Ebi (2015); “Exploring the Resources control Option – Imo State”. Vanguard Newspaper, June 2, 2015), www.vanguardngr.com.

Environmental and Social Screening of Prioritized 400km of Rural Roads to be Constructed/Rehabilitated Under RAMP II in Imo State (Final Report), October 2016.

Federal Ministry of Environment (2011): Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for The Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project covering Abia, Anambra, Cross River, Edo, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States prepared by Eugene O. Itua.

Federal Ministry of Works (2013); “Compendium Report on Road Infrastructure & Related Development in Nigeria – An Investor’s Manual”, Pison Housing Company.

FPMU (2008); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rural Access And Mobility Project, covering Enugu and Osun State - Draft Final Report (Updated Edition) Prepared By Earth Guard.

FPMU (2012); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rural Access And Mobility Project, covering Adamawa, Niger, Enugu and Osun States - Draft Final Report (Updated Edition) Prepared By Eugene O. Itua.

Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (IUFMP) 2014; “Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (Final Report)”, Ibadan, Oyo State.

Imo State of Nigeria (2008); Imo State Environmental Transformation Commission Law No. 3 of 2008, Imo State of Nigeria.

Imo RAMP II (2016); “Identification, Selection and Prioritization of Intervention Areas and Rural Road Networks (final report)”. Pheman Peniel Consultant, Ikeja-Lagos.

LAMATA (2009); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Towards The Preparation For LUTP II, Prepared By Multiple Development Services, June.

Ministry Of Local Development, Nepal, (2004): Environmental and Social Management Framework for Rural Access Improvement Project.

NPC (2006); National Population Census, National Population Commission, Abuja.

The World Bank (2012): Project Appraisal Document On A Second Rural Access And Mobility Project (RAMP 2) to Federal Republic Of Nigeria Report No: 65586-NG.

The World Bank (2014); New Country Partnership Strategy in Nigeria Set to Spur Growth, Less Poverty, Strategy for the Federal Republic of Nigeria 20014 - 2017. www.worldbank.org/publication.


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USAID (2009): Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities in Africa.

World Bank (2010): Environmental And Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental And Social Management Framework For State Expenditure Effectiveness For Opportunities And Results (SEEFOR) In Niger Delta States (Bayelsa, Delta, Edo & Rivers) Nigeria Prepared By Eugene Itua

https://www.cgidd.com/

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/imo_state.


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Appendix 1

Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)

Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank. The Bank encourages its borrowing member countries to adopt and implement systems that meet these objectives while ensuring that development resources are used transparently and efficiently to achieve desired outcomes. To encourage the development and effective application of such systems and thereby focus on building borrower capacity beyond individual project settings, the Bank is piloting the use of borrower systems in Bank-supported projects. The key objective of the pilot program is to improve overall understanding of implementation issues related to greater use of country systems. To be used where, in the Bank’s judgment, the country’s system would materially satisfy the objectives and operational principles of the applicable Bank policies. Using country systems enhances country ownership and thus the sustainability of development programs. In addition, using country systems can lower transaction costs and increase aid effectiveness by providing a natural focal point for Supporter efforts to harmonize their processes.

Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-projects to be funded by RAMP.

Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the environmental assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (e.g. strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. The Bank accepts other forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified. Should the sub-project-specific ESMPs indicate that natural habitats might be affected negatively by the proposed sub-project activities with suitable mitigation measures, such sub-projects will not be funded under the RAMP .

Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. This policy will most likely not apply to RAMP

Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that would have negative impacts on indigenous people will not be funded under RAMP.

Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations,


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whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats. If a project involves the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests or related natural habitats that the Bank determines are not critical, and the Bank determines that there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its sitting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may finance the project provided that it incorporates appropriate mitigation measures. Sub-projects that are likely to have negative impacts on forests will not be funded under RAMP.

Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. This policy addresses physical cultural resources, 1 which are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people’s cultural identity and practices. It is Implemented as an element of the Environmental Assessment. RAMP will not fund sub-projects that will have negative impacts on cultural property.

Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. The Bank distinguishes between small and large dams. Small dams are normally less than 15 m in height; this category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt retention dams, and low embankment tanks. For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed by qualified engineers are usually adequate. This policy does apply to RAMP 1 since the policy is not triggered under the project.

Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparian’s is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparian’s making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereof. Projects that trigger this policy include hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution of international waterways. This policy will not apply to RAMP.

Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage. The Bank attempts to acquire assurance that it may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed can go forward without prejudice to the claims of the country having a dispute. This policy is not expected to be triggered by sub-projects. This policy is unlikely to be triggered by sub-projects to be funded by RAMP.

Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50).Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. Mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in English) and World Bank InfoShop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must meet WB standards).


Appendix 2

Minutes of Stakeholders’ Meeting Held with the Imo Rural Access and Mobility Project 2 (Imo RAMP 2), on Friday 9th of September, 2016.

Venue: Imo RAMP II Project Office, Owerri, Imo State.

1. ATTENDANCE

List attached (as below)

2. INTRODUCTION

The stakeholders meeting was anchored by Engr. John Uzor (State Project Coordinator of RAMP 2) began precisely at 10.45am with the opening prayer by Hon. Ojiaka Obinna – the Transition Chairman of Ikeduru Local Government Area.

The various participants were given the opportunity for self-introduction while Engr. Uzor introduced to the house the essence of the meeting and also the consultant for the assignment.

He stated that the consultant was sent by the FPMU to review and update the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the RAMP 2 to include Imo State (new state) preparatory to the effective take-off of the project in the State.

The State Project Coordinator (Engr. Uzor) also appreciated all the stakeholders for honouring the invitation inspite of the short notice particularly all the Transition Chairmen (TCs) of Local Governments. He equally appreciated all the MDAs including federal agencies (NESREA) and the staff of the SPIU for their commitment and cooperation which is very germane to fostering good relationship during implementation of the RAMP 2 project in Imo State.

He also explained to the participants the current state of the RAMP 2 with respect to Imo State and the intention of the RAMP 2 projects toward the construction of selected and prioritized 401.1km of rural roads across the State in order to enhance rural transportation, improve transportation of farm produce and also access to social infrastructure amongst other benefits.

3. THE PURPOSE OF THE MEETING

The Consultant, Mr. Ogunsawe David explained to the stakeholders the purpose of the meeting with regard to the concept of sustainable development, the rationale for sustainable development together with the World Bank’s standard for sustainable environment in all its sponsored projects particularly as it relates to involuntary resettlement. Also, the need to ensure compliance to the World Bank principle on safeguards in project preparation activities was also discussed.

It was generally agreed that since the majority of the rural people of Imo State are predominantly farmers, the various sub-project activities of the RAMP 2 would tremendously improve livelihood, easy transportation of agricultural produce and more importantly eradicate poverty in the rural communities across the State (Imo).

Therefore, the issues of ESMF and RPF were enumerated with its advantages to solve both possible environmental and social concerns as a result of the RAMP 2 projects implementation.

4. THE EXPECTED ROLES AND CAPACITY OF MDA

The State Coordinator (Engr. Uzor) however, informed the participants of the desire of the SPIU to adhere to best engineering standard in the design, construction, monitoring and maintenance. However, Barrister Innocent Anuebunwa (Representing the Transition Chairman of Onuiro Local


65

Government) spoke about the issue of compensation for the PAPs while the State Coordinator also took time to assure of the adequacy of the State to fully compensate any PAP.

Also, Mr. Ojinaka Obinna a Director of Planning in the Supervising Ministry-Ministry of Local Government enumerated the environmental and social consequences of affected trees while Engr. Bassel Nwogwugwu mentioned the issue of compensation for PAPs whose structures would be affected as a result of the project activities. They were both assured of the strict adherence to global best practice and smooth compensation.

In the areas of public enlightenment, Mr. Cliffors Orji, the Transitional Chairman of Nwangele Local Government requested its fellow Local Government Chairmen to ensure adequate sensitization to ensure cooperation by project communities while soliciting for proper assessment and adherence to engineering design for the project.

The NESREA Representative, Mr. Stanley Onwuizor raised the possibility of erosion due to the nature of the soil during project activities and the need to inculcate discharge pits to collect run-offs in communities that does not have storm water collection infrastructure.

The Transitional Chairman of Ikeduru Local Government, Engr. Obinna Nshirim equally advocated for the inclusion of local contractors and youths during project implementation, the SPIU Coordinator, Engr. Uzor however promised to looked into the matter with the assurance that the quality of the project would never be compromised.

5. CONCLUSION

Engr. Orji of Nwangele Local Government Area expressed his profound appreciation for the inclusion of the State in RAMP 2 and also pledged the commitment of the Local Government Chairmen toward ensuring the success of the project in the State. He equally, appreciated the Consultant for the enlightenment while thanking other agencies such as NESREA, NEWSMAP (Imo State) for their support and assured the SPIU Coordinator of the continuous support of all the Local Government Areas and other agencies toward ensuring the successfulness of the project across the State.

6. CLOSING REMARKS

The State Project Coordinator- Engr. Uzor appreciated the participants for honoring his invitation and their active participation and also the Consultants for taking the pains to explain the essence of the assignment.

He stated that the project was still in the preparation stage and there would still be need to call people for meetings as occasion demands.

7. CLOSING

The meeting ended at around 1.25pm after the closing prayer.


Appendix 3 Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix and Checklist for Environmental Impact Prediction

1. Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix Impact Category Physical Resources Ecological Systems Landscape Socio-Economic Activities

Soil

Ero

sion

Deb

ris

Dep

osit

ion

Silt

atio

n

Soil

Com

pact

ion

Surf

ace

Ru

noff

Hyd

rolo

gy

Top

ogra

phy

Dra

inag

e

Wet

land

s

Surf

ace

Wat

er Q

uant

ity

Surf

ace

Wat

er Q

ualit

y

Gro

und

wat

er Q

uan

tity

Gro

und

Wat

er Q

ualit

y

Hab

itat

Cha

n ge

Spec

ies

Div

ersi

ty

Alie

n sp

ecie

s

Veg

etat

ion

Poa

chin

g

Wild

life

Mov

emen

t

Ani

mal

Har

assm

ent

Eco

logi

cal F

unc

tion

Exc

epti

onal

Res

ourc

es

Tro

pica

l For

est

Scen

ic Q

ualit

y

Wild

erne

ss Q

ualit

y

Vie

wsh

ed

Car

ryin

g C

apac

ity

Vis

itor

Ex p

erie

nce

Hum

an S

ettl

emen

t

Com

pati

bilit

y /

lC

ost t

o A

genc

y

Ben

efit

to A

genc

y

Cos

ts to

Com

mu

niti

es

Ben

efit

s to

Hea

lth

Dis

ease

Vec

tors

Noi

se L

evel

s

Dus

t Lev

els

Ris

ks/

Haz

ard

Em

ploy

men

t

Loc

al E

cono

my

Tou

rist

ind

ustr

y

Construction Vegetation clearing

Construction camp

Transportation/ Logistics

Noise and vibration

Air pollution

Material excavation/quarry management

Loss of farmland

Cutting & filling

Blasting

Distortion of drainages/water channels

Vulnerability to natural hazards, landslides/slips, soil erosion

Storage of diesel/oils

Waste management

Land availability

Loss of structures

Loss of livelihood

Impacts on infrastructure

Vehicular traffic & accident

Security breaches


67

Issues of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Water use

Operation Vehicle traffic Movement

Road maintenance Maintenance of machinery

Tourist activities Waste management Off-road driving De-commissioning Ripping old road Shaping Revegetation Legend: Impact Rating (Low, Medium & High; Adverse (x), Beneficial Impact Level (n)

Key

Minor Negative Impact Positive Impact

Major Negative Impact No Impact

Entries in the matrix cells represent the nature and preliminary ranking of the severity of the impact. Ranking of the severity is

based on the following scale and symbols;

(a) Major – (2) (b) Minor- (1) (c) Negligible and / or no effect-(i.e. ,a zero) (d) Positive (+)

In addition, colour-codes will also be applied to the matrix cell, with red denoting high negative, yellow denoting low negative,

white; no impact and green denoting positive impact respectively.


Appendix 4 List of Stakeholders Consulted During The Updating of the ESMF in Imo State

List of those consulted during the updating of ESMF in Imo State

S/No

Name Organization Designation Telephone Mail

1. Engr. Obinna Nshirim

Ikeduru Local Gvernment

Transition Chairman 08033450733

2. Barr. N. Anebunwa Onuimo Local Government

Transition Chairman 07033577105

3. Hon. Clifford Orjiako Orlu Zone Representative of Transition Chairmen in Orlu Zone

08033403030

4. Ihejiakor Stanley Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development

Budget Office 070656645528

5. Ojiaka Obinna “ DPRA 08038980090 [email protected] 6. Amunwa Ogunaya T. Imo RAMP II M & E 08035527408 [email protected] 7. Kenneth Y. ike “ Arc. Specialist 08034377153 [email protected] 8. Engr. Nwaogwugwu

Basil “ Infra. Engr. 08035778032 [email protected]

9. Engr. Ozurumba Kelechi O.

“ Infra. Engr. 08037973205 [email protected]

10. Anyiam Okechukwu “ Proj. Admin. Officer 08037671404 [email protected] 11. Ezeigwe Ihuoma U. “ Proj. Internal Auditor 08038902632 [email protected] 12. Oduah Ihinomso C. “ Project Accountant 08035124966 [email protected] 13. Ogboji Kelechukwu NESREA (South-

East,, Zone 1 Division), Owerri

Scientific Officer 08034240299 [email protected]

14. Onwuzo Stanley C. “ Scientific Officer 08033128426 [email protected] 15. Iwuagwu Ogechi Imo RAMP

II/NEWMAP Safeguards Specialist 07033015164 [email protected]

16. Engr. Victor Anueyiagu O.

Imo NEWMAP/Ministry of Environment & Agriculture

SPC 08034871860 [email protected]

17. Engr. J.C. Uzor Imo RAMP II SPC 08037128619 [email protected] 18. Uzoma C. Ijeoma Accountant General

Office Head, Imo PFMU 08035057196 [email protected]

19. Etumnu Matthew C. Imo NEWMAP 08063488134 [email protected] 20. Ogunsawe, David A. Geo-Solution

Providers Ltd. Environmental Specialist/RAMP II Consultant

08028280819 [email protected]

21. Lemchi Omasirichi Imo RAMP II Environmental & Social Officer

08038236476 [email protected]

22. Engr. Ezeasoibe Felix “ MISS 08035512278 [email protected]

Appendix 5 Indicative Environmental and Social Code of Conduct and Clauses for Contractors

1. Environmental and Social Code of Conduct for Rural Access Infrastructure Development

S/No. Environmental and

Social Issues Potential Impact Codes of Conduct

Pre-construction/Construction Phase

1. Land Use

Road alignment may pass through cultivated and forested land resulting in a permanent loss of the resources.

While the landowner has to part away with his land ownership, the environmental effects can amplify if proper operation and maintenance schedules are overruled.

Plan road alignment to minimize loss of resources. Avoid width of road of more than 4.5 m in hilly area. Demarcate RoW to avoid encroachment.

2. Material Use

Excess extraction of local resources, such as wood, sand, soil, boulders, etc.

Degradation of forests, erosion and landslide at steep locales due to boulder, stone extraction.

Change in river/stream ecosystem due to unchecked sand extraction.

Extract materials only on need basis. Avoid sensitive areas, such as steep slopes and water-ways.

3. Slope Stability

Extraction of forest products and cutting of trees in the steep slopes increases soil erosion/landslide due to loss of soil binding materials.

Wrong alignment can trigger slope failure Haphazard disposal of construction waste can disturb

slopes Improper drainage facilities can result in erosion and

landslides

Extract carefully and secure the top soil within 25 cm from the surface. Limit down grading of the road to 50. If down grading exceeds 70, construction of side drainage is necessary. Keep optimum balance in extraction and filling of soil works. geo-hazardous assessment and mapping Use designated disposal site and avoid side casting of spoil Provide proper drainage Use bio-engineering on exposed slopes

4. Wildlife

Wildlife habitats at forests, shrub land along road alignment are affected from the road construction activities.

Wildlife and human conflicts increase as wildlife might destroy the crops or attack the construction worker.

Avoid as much as possible areas with high biodiversity. Efficient movement of machinery and other traffic. Control poaching activities and regulate movement of labor force and their dependents into the forest area. District Forest Office and its subsidiary body should be involved in monitoring the activities of the construction workers and officials to minimize wildlife harassing, trapping and poaching.

5. Drainage

Higher flow rate of surface water and water logging induce landslides and erosion.

Quality of road diminishes due to poor drainage such as water logging, immense flow rate of surface water.

It is strongly recommended that the cross drainage outlets must be channeled to the confirmed natural drains. If horizontal slope exceeds 5%, construction of flow control device necessary every 20m.

6. Protection of Vegetation

Protected areas and highly forested areas. Degradation of forest areas. Degradation of agricultural land.

Use minimum and efficient use of wood products for construction. Initiate plantation at damaged and damage prone areas. Increase liability of local forest user groups. Avoid protected areas or densely forested areas

7. Disposal of Construction Wastes

Dumping of wastes along the road or elsewhere.

Selected spoil dumping sites should be used. After disposal, the area should be leveled and compacted. It is recommended to conserve the soil by planting indigenous plants including grasses. Wastes could also be used as leveling materials along the roadside.

8. Disposal of Sanitary Wastes

Unmanaged sanitary waste disposal creating health problems and public nuisance.

Proper sanitation area needs to be demarked. Check for hygiene of work force.

9. Impacts on amenities along RoW

Road crossings at water supply, irrigation lines may be disturbed/damaged.

Avoid as much as possible the crossing over such amenities.

10. Pollution

Dust generation from construction activities, construction vehicular movement increases air pollution.

Noise pollution likely from construction machinery operation and vehicular movement.

Possibly construction period should be during August to December when soil moisture content is most. Consider construction of road at 50 m from settlement.



Sanitary problems likely at the construction and workforce quarters.

Enforce speed limit of vehicles and construct the road according to volume and size of traffic movement.

11. Child abuse including sex and violence

Engaging in child exploitation Workforce engaging in sexual and physical abuse of minors Violence against minors

Ensure that contractors sign the code of conduct. Ensure zero tolerance to any form of child abuse. Monitor the adherence to the code of conduct. Issue stiff penalties to non-adherence.

12. Violence against vulnerable groups

Sexual and/or physical violence against minors, women and other vulnerable groups

Ensure that contractors sign the code of conduct. Monitor the adherence to the code of conduct. Issue stiff penalties to non-adherence.

13. Grievance Mechanism Sub-project activities likely to result in grievances. Use existing traditional methods to address

grievances. Set time-frame for grievance redress and response.

14. Communication Information not properly disseminated. Likelihood of not using appropriate communication channel

Ensure continuous information dissemination on environmental and social risks using appropriate local media (print and electronic).

Disseminate information in local languages for wider coverage.

15. Protection of vulnerable population

Exposure of vulnerable population including women and minors to forms of abuse including exploitation, sex and violence.

Adherence to code of conduct. Integrate CBOs/NGOs in monitoring activities.

16. Cultural practices and resources

Influx of diverse workforce may likely infringe on cultural values and resources.

Sub-project activities may affect cultural resources such as trees, shrines, graves etc.

Ensure compliance to native customs. Ensure workers and contractors obey native

customs. Avoid impacts due to project. Protection of boundaries from impacts due to

construction. Relocation in case impacts are unavoidable.

17. Exclusion of local people Non-consideration of local skills.

Considerations should be given (where possible) to local labour.

Certain contracts viz; supply of construction materials e.g. granites, sand, planks etc should be considered for the local people.

18. Road safety and traffic management

Likely closure and detour. Increase in road accident due to construction activities.

Develop and implement a sound traffic management plan.

Liaise with project communities on alternative roads and timing of possible closures and detours.

Install safety signages in appropriate places including the interpretation in local languages.

Deploy dedicated staff for road/traffic monitoring. Install ramp where necessary.

19. Campaign on STIs including HIV/AIDS

Sexual interactions during project may lead to the transmission of STIs including HIV/AIDS in project communities.

Develop and implement a roboust STIs campaign. Embark on sensitization programme targeting

youths and other vulnerable groups such as girls and sexually active women, the commercial sex workers– in collaboration with the National HIV/AIDS Coordination Agency (NACA) on protection and treatment.

20. Overstretching of infrastructure

Workforce migration may exacerbate pressure on available social infrastructure (accommodation, transport etc).

Likely upsurge in the prices of goods and services due to population avalanche.

Give adequate employment consideration to local population.

Where possible contractors to provide means of transportation to workforce.

Operation Phase 1. Encroachment Unmanaged settlement, construction along the RoW. Establish RoW properly and enforce its limits.

2. Interruption of Water Flow along RoW

Concentrated flow left unattended might have severe impact at the downhill alignment of the road.

Cross drain structures, namely pipe culverts, slab culverts, box culverts, need to be maintained. Outlet of these structures would be carrying the concentrated run off flow of the respective catchment, which will be quite high during rainy season, which in turn would require proper planning of drainage systems.

3. Pollution/Vehicular emission

Dust generation from vehicular movement increases air pollution.

Noise pollution likely from vehicular movement.

Enforce speed limit of vehicles. Maintain traffic size movement. Discourage use of horns.

4. Aesthetics Road construction is likely to increase landscape scars along

the road alignment. Such damage cannot be avoided but can be minimized through re-plantation of indigenous species



In addition if the construction spoils are disposed off improperly, the ground vegetation would be destroyed which will be visible from a distance.

and greenery development.

5. Increased traffic and vehicular accident

Better road condition would increase vehicular traffic and the rate of accident due to over-speeding.

Install traffic signs and specify speed limits for appropriate places. Construct speed breakers. Where possible, traffic signs would be interpreted in local languages.

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