15
Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Germany – Dr. Matthias Honnacker
Federal Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
– Germany –
Dr. Matthias Honnacker
INJURY SEVERITY
CODING
EU approach
OECD WORKSHOP ON PRODUCT RISK ASSESSMENT:
OVERVIEW OF TOOLS AND APPROACHES
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Content
• European Approach
• Basic concept
• Coding
• (Severity of) injury and hazard
• Conclusion
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Enforcement Operation Legislation
European Approach
Special product
groups
New Legislative
Framework
Consumer Products
General Product
Safety Directive RAPEX
Risk Assessment
Severity
of Injury Probability
Risk level
X
Risk management
Corrective measure
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Severity of injury – basic concept
• The EU risk assessment guidelines distinguish between four
levels of injury severity.
• Severity should be assessed completely objectively.
• The aim is to compare the severity of different scenarios and to
set priorities, not to judge the acceptability of a single injury
at this stage.
• In order to assess the severity of the consequences (acute
injury or other damage to health), objective criteria is used, on
the one hand, in the level of medical intervention, and, on
the other hand, in the consequences to the further
functioning of the victim.
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Severity of injury - coding
1. Injury or consequence that after basic treatment (first aid, normally
not by a doctor) does not substantially hamper functioning or cause excessive pain; usually
the consequences are completely reversible.
2. Injury or consequence for which a visit to A&E may be necessary,
but in general, hospitalization is not required. Functioning may be affected for a limited period, not more than about 6
months, and recovery is more or less complete.
3. Injury or consequence that normally requires hospitalisation and will affect functioning for more than 6 months or lead to a permanent loss
of function.
4. Injury or consequence that is or could be fatal, including brain death; consequences that affect reproduction or offspring; severe loss of limbs
and/or function, leading to more than approximately 10 % of disability.
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Severity of injury coding - example
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Severity of injury and hazard
Hazard group Hazard
(product property)
Typical injury scenario Typical injury
Size, shape and surface
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Electrical energy
Extreme temperatures
Radiation
Fire and explosion
Toxicity
Microbiological contamination
Product operating hazards
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Severity of injury and hazard
Hazard group Hazard
(product property)
Typical injury scenario Typical injury
Size, shape and surface
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Electrical energy
Extreme temperatures
Radiation
Fire and explosion
Toxicity
Microbiological contamination
Product operating hazards
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Severity of injury and hazard
Hazard group Hazard
(product property)
Typical injury scenario Typical injury
Size, shape and surface Moving product
Potential energy Parts moving against
one another
Kinetic energy Parts moving close one
another
Electrical energy Rotating parts
Extreme temperatures Rotating parts past to
one another
Radiation Acceleration
Fire and explosion Flying objects
Toxicity Vibration
Microbiological contamination Noise
Product operating hazards
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Severity of injury and hazard
Hazard group Hazard
(product property)
Typical injury scenario Typical injury
Size, shape and surface Moving product Person puts a body part
between the moving
parts while they move
together; the body part
gets trapped and put
under pressure
(crushed)
Potential energy Parts moving against
one another
Kinetic energy Parts moving past one
another
Electrical energy Rotating parts
Extreme temperatures Rotating parts close to
one another
Person puts a body part
between the moving
parts while they move
close by (scissor
movement); the body
part gets trapped
between the moving
parts and put under
pressure (shearing)
Radiation Acceleration
Fire and explosion Flying objects
Toxicity Vibration
Microbiological contamination Noise
Product operating hazards
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Severity of injury and hazard
Hazard group Hazard
(product property)
Typical injury scenario Typical injury
Size, shape and surface Moving product Person puts a body part
between the moving
parts while they move
together; the body part
gets trapped and put
under pressure
(crushed)
Bruising;
dislocation; fracture;
crushing
Potential energy Parts moving against
one another
Kinetic energy Parts moving past one
another
Electrical energy Rotating parts
Extreme temperatures Rotating parts close to
one another
Person puts a body part
between the moving
parts while they move
close by (scissor
movement); the body
part gets trapped
between the moving
parts and put under
pressure (shearing)
Laceration, cut;
amputation
Radiation Acceleration
Fire and explosion Flying objects
Toxicity Vibration
Microbiological contamination Noise
Product operating hazards
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Severity of injury coding - example
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Severity of injury - conclusion
• Injury coding is based on the necessary medical treatment.
• It is part of the risk assessment process and helps – in the
process of RAPEX risk assessment – to find the risk level.
• It can help to draw conclusions
– from injury back to hazard and
– where a product has to be improved.
• The approach in market surveillance is based on two pillars:
– hazard groups leading to injury scenarios and
– the classification of the severity of injury (x probability =
risk)
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Dr. Matthias Honnacker 15
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
Federal Institute for occupational safety and health
Unit „basics of product safety“
Dr. Matthias Honnacker
Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25
44149 Dortmund
Tel. +49 231 9071-2270
Fax +49 231 9071-2364
www.baua.de
