Federal Radiological Response Teams - Health physics · The Chemical Biological Incident Response...

Federal Radiological Response Teams

K.L. “Ken” Groves, MS, FHPSCDR MSC USN (Ret.)

President, S2-Sevorg Services, LLC

RGC HPS 2018 Spring Technical MeetingMarch 26, 2018

Federal Radiological Response Teams

• This Presentation will offer a review of both Federal and State (Federally-Funded) Radiological/Nuclear Emergency Response Teams/Assets

• FIRST AND FOREMOST—ALL EMERGENCIES ARE LOCAL (AND AT BEST REGIONAL)

• The response times for both Federal and State resources are not fixed; so it is critical that local jurisdictions have planned for the first 24+ hours without outside support.

• It is critical that “regional” plans be in place, documented, trained and exercised if your response is to be effective!

S2-Sevorg Services LLC (A Veteran-Owned Small Business)

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Presentation Contents• Overview of the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex which

is to assist with the implementation of the Response and Recovery Federal Interagency Operational Plans (in conjunction with the National Response Framework).

• Overview of Federal and State Teams/Assets– Federal Teams/Assets

• DoD– Special “Small” Teams– USNORTHCOM Joint Task Force Civil Support Assets

• Non-DoD– DOE/NNSA– EPA, HHS, VA, others as listed in the National Response

Framework (NRF), Radiological Annex• Review of Presentation


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Activation of Key Assets for Nuclear/Radiological Incidents

Asset Activation Process-- from the National Response Framework (NRF), Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex (N/RIA)

• The following information is taken directly from the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex. You are encouraged to review both the NRF and the N/RIA as they set the stage for a Federal response to a Radiological or Nuclear Incident whether or not it is a terrorist or non-terrorist incident.

• The Federal and State (Federally-Funded) Teams/Assets will be discussed in detail following this introductory material.


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1 2 3

Primarily Pre-Incident Begins when an Incident Occurs or Upon Notification

Sustained Operations

1a 1b 1c 2a 2b 2c 3a

Normal Operations

Increased Likelihood

or Elevated Threat

Near Certainty

or Credible Threat

Activation, Situational

Assessment, and Movement

Employmentof ResourcesandStabilization

IntermediateOperations

Long-TermRecovery

Operations

Activation of Key Assets for Nuclear/Radiological Incidents

Asset Activation Process • Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Cen ter

(IMAAC)-DHS , activation directly from the IMAAC. IMAAC is co-located with the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC).

• Advisory Team -DHS, coordinating agencies, and State, tribal, and local governments may request support from the Advisory Team by contacting the CDC Director’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at 770-488-7100.

• FRMAC and DOE Assets (AMS, ARG, RAP, REAC/TS, NARAC , CMHT)-Coordinating agencies and State, tribal, and local governments may request FRMAC or other support from DOE or DHS. The FRMAC and all other DOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) assets may be requested through the DOE 24-hour Watch Office at 202-586-8100.


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Activation of Key Assets for Nuclear/Radiological Incidents (Con’t)

• DOE may respond to a request for assistance by initially dispatching a RAP Team . If the situation requires more assistance than a RAP team can provide, DOE alerts or activates additional resources.

• National Incident Response Team (NIRT)- The NIRT is activated when DHS, in consultation with EPA and DOE, determines that the severity of an incident warrants the NIRT assets. The NOC will notify EPA and DOE when the NIRT is activated.

• Radiological Emergency Response Team (RERT)- DHS and coordinating agencies may request support from the EPA RERT bycontacting the National Response Center at 1-800-424-8802.


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Activation of Key Assets for Nuclear/Radiological Incidents (Con’t)

DoD provides Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) in response to requests for assistance during domestic incidentsThese include both DoD and DoD-funded assets for the response to radiological incidents, to include:• WMD CSTs (Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Suppor t

Teams)• CERFPs (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuc lear

Enhanced Response Force Packages)• HRF (Defense Response Force)• DCRF (Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, a nd

Nuclear Response Force) • C2CREs (CBRN Response Elements) • CBIRF (Chemical Biological Incident Response Forc)e


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DoD Organization of Federal Response Assets

n

Department of Defense (DoD) Advisory Teams


CBRN Military Advisory Teams (CMATs)DoD (Defense Threat Reduction Agency)HQ at Ft. Belvoir, VA (12 teams world wide)

USAF Radiological Assistance Team (AFRAT)Wright-Patterson AFB, OH

Radiological Advisory Medical Team (RAMT)Walter Reed Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD

Medical Radiobiology Advisory Team (MRAT)Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI)

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,

Bethesda, MD4/16/2018 9

DoD Organization of Federal Response Assets


Joint Task Force – Civil SupportJoint Task Force – North

Operational Control

TenDefense Coordinating

Officers

OneDeployable

Command Post

CivilSupportTrainingActivity

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Department of Defense (DoD) Teams

US Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)• Joint Task Force Civil Support (JTF-CS) anticipates, plans, and

integrates USNORTHCOM chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear response operations. JTF-CS commands and controls designated DoD forces to assist local, state, federal and tribal partners in saving lives, preventing further injury, and providing critical support to enable community recovery.

• JTF-CS is the nations’ only standing CBRN joint task force.• JTF-CS responds, on the authority of the

President, through the Secretary of Defense, and occurs upon request of civil authorities.

• In accordance with public law, JTF-CS is always in support of civil authoritiesas part of the National Response Framework .


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Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)

• Provide DoD (Title 10) support to Civil Authoritieswhen directed and requested:• National Special Security Events• Natural and Manmade Disasters• Civil Disturbance• Counter Drug• Counter Transnational Threats


• Coordinate Department of Defense assistance to other Federal Agencies• Provide deployable command and control headquarters anywhere within

the U.S. Northern Command’s Area of Responsibility to effectively command and control DoD Active Component (Title 10) response forces

• Teach disaster response via the DoD DSCA Course – www.dsca.army.mil

ARNORTH Efforts :

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Strategic Partnerships with our Neighbors


• Secure land approaches to the Homeland

• Military-to-Military relationships to enhance the overall security of North America

• Assist our neighbors to build capacity and capability to defeat common threats on their side of our borders

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• Anticipates, plans and integrates U.S. Northern Command’s Chemical – Biological – Radiological –Nuclear - high-yield Explosive (CBRNE) consequence management operations

• When directed, JTF-CS commands and controls designated DoD forces to assist federal, state, local and tribal partners.

• To save lives, prevent further injury, and provide temporary critical life support to enable community recovery

Joint Task Force – Civil Support (JTF-CS)


Elements of Joint Task Force –Civil Support (JTF -CS)

• National Guard Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams (CSTs)

• CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High Explosive) Enhanced Response Force Packages (CERFPs)

• Homeland Response Force (HRF)• Defense CBRN Response Force (DCRF)• Command and Control CBRN Response

Elements (C2CREs)• Chemical Biological Incident Response Force

(CBIRF) This is a unique USMC Team4/16/2018 15

National Guard WMD CSTs

DoD established 58 National Guard WMD CSTs- 22 Full Time Guardsmen whose primary mission is to support civil

authorities in case of a CBRN incident or natural disaster- Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (with limited, state approved

exceptions)- Required to deploy an Advanced Echelon no later than 90 minutes from

notification--No later than 3 hours after notification, main body must be able to deploy if required

- Federally funded, state controlled resource No cost for training, deployment or support

CSTs Support Civil Authorities by:- IDENTIFYING Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN)

agents and substances- ASSESSING current and projected consequences- ADVISING on response measures- ASSISTING with appropriate requests for additional state/federal

supportS2-Sevorg Services LLC (A Veteran-Owned

Small Business) 4/16/2018 16

DoD Assets are Aligned with FEMA Regions


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CBRN Response Enterprise Structure

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•Detect/ID

•CBRN Assessment

22 Pax each

WMD-CST (58)

•Search/Extraction

•Decon

•Emergency Med

186 Pax each

CERFP (17)

•Command/Control

•Search/Extraction

•Decon

•Emergency Med

•Security

Regional

566 Pax each

HRF (10)

•Command/Control

•Search/Rescue

•Decon

•Emergency Med

•Level II/III Med

•Surgical Med

•General Purpose

•Engineering

•Logistics

•Transportation

•Ground MEDEVAC

•Ground CASEVAC

•Aviation Lift

•Air MEDEVAC

•Air CASEVAC

5,200 Pax:FP1: 2,100

FP2: 3,100

DCRF (1)

•Command/Control

•CBRN Assessment

•Search/Rescue

•Decon

•Emergency Med

•Level II Med

•Security

•Engineering

•Logistics

•Transportation

C2CRE (2)

Title 32, State National Guard RespondersTitle 32, State National Guard Responders

Title 10, Federal Military RespondersTitle 10, Federal Military Responders

State NG assets may operate under

State or Federal control

Timeline

New Mexico National Guard“Masters of Disasters”

64th Civil Support Team Weapons of Mass Destruction

(My Home State CST as an Example)

Support Civil Authorities by:

- IDENTIFYING Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) agents and substances

- ASSESSING current and projected consequences

- ADVISING on response measures

- ASSISTING with appropriate requests for additional state/federal support

CST MISSION


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RESPONSE- Actual or suspected WMD event- Special security event prescreening- TIC/TIM assistance to first responders

STAND-BY:- High profile or potential target rich environments (NSSEs, political, cultural, sporting events)

TRAINING:- Enhancing preparedness of first

response agencies (WMD exercises, equipment, etc.)

CST MISSION TYPES


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CST DEPLOYMENT

• Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (with limited, state approved exceptions)

• Required to deploy an Advanced Echelon no later than 90 minutes from notification– No later than 3 hours after notification, main body must be able to

deploy if required

• NIMS / ICS Compliant

• Federally funded, state controlled resource – No cost for training, deployment or support


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CST TEAM LIMITATIONS

- EOD Familiarity ONLY (no bomb suits / equipment / bomb tech training)

- Medical Support primarily for team (will assist or transport only if absolutely necessary)

- Limited Mass Decon capabilities(this would become only mission)

- Limited duration (22 personnel with minimal redundancy limits us to a max of 24 hours IF rest plan is instituted)


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CBIRF Mission

The Chemical Biological Incident Response Force(CBIRF) is a unit in the United States Marine Corpsresponsible for countering the effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-yield explosive (CBRNE) incident. They were activated in April 1996 and the unit is based at Naval Support Facility in Indian Head, Maryland and fall under the command of the II Marine Expeditionary Force. During emergencies in the United States the CBRIF is activated by USNORTHCOM. In the U.S. the CBRIF reports to and supports the local Incident Commander.


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CBIRF Mission

“When directed, forward-deploy and/or respond to a credible threat of a chemical, biological, radiolog ical, nuclear, or high yield explosive (CBRNE) incident i n order to assist local, state, or federal agencies and des ignated Combatant Commanders in the conduct of consequence management operations.CBIRF Operational History• -G-20 Global Financial Summit 2009• -JSOC 2009• -Olympics 2004, 2010• -Operation TOMODACHI 2011• -2012 NATO Summit Chicago


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National Disaster Medical System Overview

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• A federally coordinated system that augments the Na tion's medical response capability

• NDMS has four federal partners: DHHS, FEMA, DoD , and the VA• DHS as the overall coordinating agency• HHS is the lead response agency• DoD and the VA provide logistics and aeromedical ev acuation support

• Components of the NMDS:• Personnel, teams and individuals, supplies, and equ ipment• Patient movement from a disaster site to unaffected areas of the nation • Definitive medical care at participating hospitals in unaffected areas

Respond with Medical Assistance Teams Aeromedical Evacuation Reception and Movement to NDMS Hospitals

(DHHS) (DoD) (VA)(DHS)(FEMA)

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Aero -Medical Evacuation Process

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Local

Hospital

State Submits the

Patient Movement

Request (PMR) Form

PMR

Air Mobility

Command

(Tanker Airlift

Control Center)

(TACC)

Aero-medical

Evacuation LNO

Regional

Coordinator PMR

USTRANSCOM Global

Patient Movement

Requirements Center

(GPMRC)

State EOC / Joint

Patient Movement

Team (JPMT)

MA

Mission Tasking To A Unit(s)

(Msn #, Time, Loc, Etc)

Aerial Port of Embarkation (APOE)/

Aero-medical Marshalling Point (DoD & Fed Footprint)

Aerial Port of Debarkation (APOD)

Federal Coordinating Centers (FCC)

NDMS Hospital


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H + 24

Patient Movement Operations

Total Patients

250

1250

1000

750

500

Execute Order(DTG)

Patient Movement Capability:560 patients/day

Planning Factors- Laydown: 8 C-130s; 4 APOEs- C-130 schedule: 2 sorties per day- Average acuity: 20% critical care; 35 patients per C-130

N+24hrsL-hour

N+44hrsL+20hrs

N+68hrsL+44hrs

N+92hrsL+68hrs

DeploymentPreparation

DeployOrder(DTG)

Patient Movement Capability

PTDOrder(DTG)

N-hour

1500

1750

2000

N- Hour - Notification hour for deployment

L-hour - Hour on C-day at which deployment commences



Major Components of the non -DoD Federal Agency Response (DOE, EPA, HHS, VA)

Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nuclear Incident Response

EPA CBRN Consequence Management Advisory Team

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Medical Emergency Radiological Response TeamU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

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Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration

Office of Nuclear Incident Response

Office of Nuclear Incident Response

� Provides expert technical advice fromthe DOE/NNSA complex in responseto:

� Possible acts of nuclear terrorism

� Nuclear weapon accidentsor incidents

� Lost or stolen radioactive materials

� Radiological accidents at facilities

� Maintains expertise in nuclear weapons design, nuclear/radiological materials characterization, and radiological detection and monitoring

� Maintains internationally deployable capabilities, configurable for a rapid response to any nuclear/radiological accident or incident


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The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is the technical lead for a range of radiological/nuclear response missions as enumerated in the NATIONAL RESPONSE FRAMEWORK and the NUCLEAR/RADIOLO GICAL INCIDENT ANNEX TO THE RESPONSE AND RECOVERY FEDERAL INTERAGENCY OPERATIONAL PLANS. These responsibilit ies are carried out by NNSA’s Office of Nuclear Incident Response. This capability is the Nation’s 24/7 response force for all accidents/incidents inv olving radiological and/or nuclear materials, including terrorist-related even ts.

Missions:

Preventive Radiological Nuclear Detection: DOE/NNSA provides field operational support and technical expertise for pre-planned security operations in conjunction with Federal, State and local agencies to screen for radiological materials out of regulatory control. Search: DOE/NNSA provides field operational support and technical expertise for Search Operations.Render Safe Programs: DOE/NNSA provides technical advice to support operations to stabilize, neutralize and transport nuclear or radiological devices, weapons, and their components.Consequence Management: DOE/NNSA characterizes the extent of radiological contamination and interprets the data relative to established protective action levels in response to an actual or potential nuclear or radiological release.

Missions


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Operational Capability

� Mission Planning & Conduct� Land-based and Maritime Ops� Handheld, Portable, Vehicular, Aerial

Gamma and Neutron Detection Systems

Technical Capability

� Alarm Adjudication� Detection Analysis

Search

DOE/NNSA Home Team Support

Apprentice Searcher Training Capability

Provides assets for complex search

operations using both technical and operational

expertise

� Civil Support Teams� State and Local Teams

Main Team Locations

� Includes Support from the DOE National Laboratories


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Capabilities

Identification : DOE Triage

Remote Analysis

Provides timely, remote,

electronic access to peer-

review by isotopic analysis to

recommend appropriate

courses of action

Concept of Operations

Main Team Locations

� Identification of radioactive sources

� Discriminate between threats and non-threats

� Discriminate between Special Nuclear Material and non-yield producing radiological material

Energy (keV)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Cou

nts

1

10

100

1000

10000

� 24/7 Reachback to on-call scientists

� “Virtual” Team

� Support Deployed Federal Teams

� Support State, Local, and International Users


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Capabilities

Render Safe Operations

Technical Operations

Provides scientific-technical personnel and equipment to advise during a nuclear or radiological WMD terrorist

incident

� NNSA Advisory Interface

� Analysis of Mechanical Stability, Electrical and Criticality

� Advanced Safing Operations

� Advanced Diagnostics

Disposition Operations

� Nuclear Device Characterization

� Disassembly Operations

� Forensics


Main Team Locations

Support Team Locations

� Includes Direct Support from Weapon Design Laboratories


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RAP Provides first response capability to Federal,

State, local governments for incidents involving radiological

emergencies

Radiological Assistance Program(RAP) First Responders

� 2 to 8 Member Team

� Initial Assessment

� Area Monitoring� Contamination Control� Decontamination

Search for Radiological Material

First Responders

Advise on Public Safety

Respond within 4-6 hours

Characterize Radiation Environment

Material Recovery

RAP may call upon other DOE assets

From Multiple Locations Nationwide


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Capabilities

Provides real-time predictions of atmospheric transport of radioactivity from a nuclear

accident or incident

� Observed and Forecast Weather Data

� Maps with Terrain Features and Populations

� Incorporates On-scene Sensor Data

Modeling: National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC)

� Sophisticated Web-based Plume Models

� Simple Standalone Plume Models

� Airborne or Ground Contamination and Dose

� Real-time 24x7 Information to Aid Decision Makers

� Clearly Identifies Affected Incident Areas

� User Friendly, yet Comprehensive Tools

� Unclassified and Classified Access

Support for Protective Action Decisions

Plume Model Predictions

Accurate Results

24 x 7 Scientific & Technical Support


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Capabilities

Monitoring: Aerial Measuring System (AMS)

� Helicopter & Fixed-wing Aircraft

� Modular Detection Systems of Very High Sensitivity for Use on DOE and Other Response Aircraft

Provides aviation-based equipment to respond to radiological emergencies

� Rapid, Wide-area Radioactive Material Deposition Mapping and Radiological Source Searches

� Highly Detailed Aerial Radiation Surveys Including Spectral Mapping

� Near Real-time Data Telemetry to AMS Home Team

� Timely Nationwide Response from Andrews AFB, Nellis AFB, and Savannah River Site

� EPA and Customs & Border Protection Agreements for Additional Assets

� Training of State and Local responders

Aviation-Based Equipment

Regional Response Aircraft Capabilities

Aerial Radiation Measurements

Asset Locations


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Capabilities

Provides multi-agency operational framework for coordinating on-scene Consequence Management monitoring and assessments during a radiological emergency

� Extensive Field Monitoring, Detailed Sampling, Data Assessment & Analysis

� Validate Protective Action Decisions

� Define Where Long Term Population Relocation May be Warranted

� Ingestion Pathway Analysis

� Electronically Integrated and Interoperable Components with Digital Data Collection and Multi-path Real-time Data Telemetry

� Delivers Timely, Accurate Products for Informed Response Decision Making

Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC)

� On-call Reachback Capability for Federal/State/Local responders for Emergency Radiation Protection/Health Physics Advice Within One Hour of Notification

Deployable Response Capability

Digitally Connected


Main Team LocationSupport Team Locations


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Capabilities

Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS)

� Provides advice and consultation on diagnosis and management of ionizing radiation-related injuries

� On-scene assistance can be provided by Emergency Response Teams with reachback to REAC/TS Home Team

Provides 24/7 advice and medical consultation world-wide

� Provides state-of-the-science educational opportunities for the emergency preparedness and response community to expand the nation’s capacity to respond

� Maintains a robust Radiation Accident Registry with details of ionizing radiation exposure/contamination incidents

� Assistance worldwide to IAEA, foreign governments

� Provides timely dose assessment/estimation for external radiation exposures or internal contamination

� Performs cytogenetic assays as the “gold” standard of radiation biodosimetry at the REAC/TS Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory (CBL)

Radiation Medicine

Radiation Dose Assessment Capability

Education and Expertise


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• Preventive Radiological/ Nuclear

Detection and Search Operations

• Triage

• Render Safe

Detect and Evaluate

Provide expertise and

equipment to detect nuclear

or radiological material

during high-profile events or

in response to a threat.

• Consequence Management

• Support Nuclear/ Radiological

Emergencies worldwide

Respond

Provide deployable

capabilities to support

protective action decisions to

save lives and mitigate

damages after a nuclear or

radiological incident or

accident.

Disable

Provide deployable assets

and National Laboratory

subject matter expertise for

rapid response to disable a

potentially yield producing

nuclear device.

Nuclear Incident Response Summary


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Assistance can be requested by calling:

• The DOE/NNSA 24-hour Watch Office (PRIMARY METHOD T O ACCESS ASSETS): (202) 586-8100

RAP Regions (phone can access support 24/7)• Region 0, Nevada Site Office at Andrews AFB (800) 405-1140• Region 1, Brookhaven Site Office (631) 344-2200• Region 2, Oak Ridge Office (865) 576-1005• Region 3, Savannah River Operations Office (803) 725-3333• Region 4, NNSA (NA-84), Albuquerque (505) 845-4667• Region 5, Chicago Office (630) 252-4800• Region 6, Idaho Operations Office (208) 526-1515• Region 7, Livermore Site Office (925) 422-8951• Region 8, Richland Operations Office (509) 373-3800• DOE HQ/NNSA EOC (202) 586-8100

How to Request Assistance in U.S.


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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)




VISION Evolve into a national operational preparedness and response organization with a reputation for expertise and leadership of CBRN consequence management.Bring the latest science and technology to the response community (primarily the EPA OSC), constantly promoting more efficient and effective CM through knowledge, tools, technology, playbooks/SOPs, policy, and guidance

• Identify gaps in CBRN remediation and develop/implement innovative solutions, strategies and tactics

• Develop and maintain approaches and options for how to implement CBRN remediation that can be quickly tailored to an individual site/incident; Provide national consistency in CBRN consequence management planning and operations

• Participate in the development of policy to ensure consistency with current or evolving technical approaches to CBRN response options.

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• Maintain understanding of response assets of partner organizations (CSTs, USCG, DOE) and private sector so that the CMAT can provide capability and capacity information regarding various technologies to the field response

• Includes providing scientific and technical representation and leadership to federal workgroups focused on CBRN response and recovery

• Maintain a field component that can be deployed to support a site/incident/event including:

--force multipliers--technical expertise at the ICP or EOC or,--deployment of unique tools/technologies in support of the homeland security customer .

• In major non-CBRN incidents, the team supports the Agency mission (although this is not the primary focus of the team’s preparedness/planning/response efforts).


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ASPECT Airborne Spectral Photometric Environmental Collection Technology

• Nation’s only 24/7 Airborne Chemica l, Radiological , and Situational Awareness Remote Sensing Aircraft.

• Provides information to the first responder that is timely, useful, and compatible with numerous software applications

• Multi-role responses (homeland security, emergency response, environmental characterization, and climate monitoring)

• Produces infrared & photographic images with geospatial chemicaland radiological information

• Five Primary Sensors/Systems:– Infrared Line Scanner– High Speed Infrared Spectrometer– Gamma-Ray Spectrometers– Digital Aerial Cameras– Satellite Data System


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Emergency Response

Homeland Security

Removal/Remedial Characterization

Atmospheric Characterization

The primary role of the ASPECT program is emergency response . In recent years this role has expanded to include part icipation in homeland security events, geographical/ radiological charact erization of removal/remedial sites and atmospheric characterizat ion

Users/Partners include EPA, NGA, DHS, DOE, DOD, NGB, DOJ, USSS, NASA, FEMA, USCG, States

ASPECT Multi-Role Concept


ASPECT: Multi-Hazard Identification/Reporting Concept


Base Map

Aerial Map

IR Plume Image

Chemical ID/Concentration

Radiological Isopleths/Dose Rates

A single pass of the aircraft produces a data set that permits mapping, aerial photography, Infrared imaging, chemical identification and radiological detection. These products can be generated in under 5 minutes and transmitted to the Incident Commander using the SatCom Link.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Radiological Dispersal Devices:Dirty Bomb, Other Dispersal MethodsRadiological Exposure Devices: Hidden Sealed SourceNuclear Detonation: Weapons, Improvised Nuclear DevicesNuclear Reactor IncidentsTransportation IncidentsDiscovering an Incident

On-site ActivitiesTriage GuidelinesTransport Victims to Appropriate Venue(s)Hospital Activities

First Responders in the FieldMental Health ProfessionalsHospital StaffPublic Information OfficersRadiation Safety and ProtectionPreparedness and Response PlanningPractices and DrillsVeterinarians

Choose Appropriate Algorithm:Evaluate for Contamination/ExposureContaminationExposure (Acute Radiation Syndrome)Exposure + Contamination

What Kind of Emergency?

Initial Incident Activities

Other Audiences

Patient Management

Resources on CDC Website

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Radiation Emergencies• A radiological or nuclear incidents occurring within the U.S. homeland or

elsewhere could take a number of forms, including: contamination of food or water with radioactive material; placement of radiation sources in public locations; detonation of radiological dispersal devices that scatter radioactive material over a populated area; an attack on a nuclear power plant or a high-level nuclear waste storage facility; or an improvised nuclear device.

• Support in the following areas:– Medical Management– Decontamination– Patient Management– Overview and Background of Radiological Emergencies– Information for Public Health and Medical Professionals– Information for Media and Communications Professionals


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• Overview and Background• Overview (CDC)• Protecting Yourself and Your

Family (CDC)• Radiation and Pregnancy• Shelter-in-Place in a

Radiation Emergency• Health Effects and Treatment• Dictionary of Radiation Terms• Radioactive Isotopes (CDC)• Countermeasures• Acute Radiation Exposure• Cutaneous Radiation Injury


For Public Health and Medical ProfessionalsInformation for Emergency Responders (CDC) Information for Clinicians (CDC)Laboratory Information for Radiation Emergencies (CDC)Information for Medical Examiners, Coroners, and Funeral Home Personnel (CDC)Emergency Access Initiative: Free Access to Full Text Biomedical ArticlesSafety Information for Help Workers, Employers, and Occupational Health Professionals

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Patient Management• Radioactive Isotopes:

Properties, Treatment, and Fact Sheets

• Countermeasures for Treatment

• How to Perform a Survey for Radiation Contamination

• Population Monitoring• Dose Estimator for Exposure:

3 Biodosimetry Tools• G-M Detectors Job Aid• Time/Dose Effects in Acute

Radiation Syndrome


• Time Phases of Acute Radiation Syndrome - Dose Range 1-2 Gy

• Radiation Emergency Contacts

For Media and Communications Professionals

• Stay Connected For Media and Communications Professionals (CDC)

• Emergency Access Initiative: Free Access to Full Text Biomedical Articles

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VA Mission

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), will provide immediate response in the event of a radioactive emergency both internally and externally to the agency. External response will be at the request of the lead Federal Agency.


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MERRT Mission:� Assess the radiological impact on human

health� Provide medical consultation and services on

the treatment of people exposed to or contaminated by radioactive materials

� Manage & consult on radiation protection issues

� Provide services in accordance with the NRF/NRIA; which provides for response to accidents at fixed nuclear facilities and transportation of radioactive materials including nuclear weapons, regardless of whether facilities are publicly or privately owned


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MERRT Composition

• 30 team members at full Team strength

• 10 Physicians with Radiological Expertise• Specialties include: Nuclear Medicine, Radiology,

Emergency Medicine

• 20 Medical Health Physicists/Radiation Safety Officers


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MERRT Strategic Geographical Distribution


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QUESTIONS ?


57

K.L. “Ken” Groves, MS, FHPSPresident, S2-Sevorg Services, LLC

E-Mail: [email protected]: 505-328-4317

Radiological Emergency Planning:Terrorism, Security, and Communication

New Mexico Homeland Security ConferenceAugust 29, 2017


A Case Study: Goiania, Brazil 1987

• When a hospital changed locations, a radiation ther apy unit was temporarily left behind.

• Scrap metal hunters found the unit and dismantled i t for scrap metal (~ Sept 18 th).

• The 1.4 kiloCi (1,400 Ci) Cs-137 source containment was breached during the process.

• Pieces of source distributed tofamily and friends.

• Everyone was impressed by “the glowingblue stones.” Children & adults played with them.

• Serious radiological accident recognizedon Sept 29 th when Acute Radiation Syndromesymptoms where recognized by hospital staff.

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Initial Response112,000 people (10 % of Goiania’s population) were surveyed at an Olympic Stadium.

– 250 were identified as contaminated

– 50 contaminated people were isolated in a camping a rea inside the Olympic Stadium for more detailed screen ing

– 20 people were hospitalized or transferred to speci al housing with medicaland nursing assistance

– 8 patients transferredto the Navy Hospital inRio de Janeiro

– Residential contamination surveywas initiated

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Early Consequences• Widespread contamination of

downtown Goiania

• 85 residences found to have significant contamination (41 of these were evacuated and a few were completely or partially demolished)

• People cross-contaminated houses 100 miles away

• Hot Spots at 3 scrap metal yards and one house

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Radiation Injuries and Uptakes• 4 fatalities (2 men, 1 woman and 1 child)

• 28 patients had radiation induced skin injuries(they held/played with the source for extended peri ods)

• 50 people had internaldeposition (ingestion)

S2-Sevorg Services LLC (A Veteran-Owned Small Business) 4/16/2018 62

Conclusions

• Long and expensive clean-up effort.

• Profound psychologicaleffects such as fear and depression on large populations

• Isolation and boycott of goods by neighbors


4/16/2018 63

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