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Federal Political System
Prepared by Jeevansh Arora
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Federalism
POWERS OF THEFEDERAL GOVERNMENT
SHARE
D
POWERS OFSTATE
GOVERNMENTS
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Federalism is a political concept in which a group ofmembers are bound together by covenant with agoverning representative head. The termfederalism is also used to describe a system of thegovernment in which sovereignty is constitutionallydivided between a central governing authority andconstituent political units (like states or provinces).Federalism is a system in which the power togovern is shared between national and provincial
(state) governments, creating what is often called afederation. Proponents are often called federalists.
Meaning
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Defining Federalism What is Federalism?
Definition: A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of
government have formal authority over the land and people.
Intergovernmental Relations-
Definition: The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions
among national, state and local governments.
Unitary Confederate Federal
Central Holds primary authority
Regulates activities ofstates
Limited powers regardingstates
Shares power with thestates
State Little or no powers
Regulated by centralgovernment
Sovereign
Allocate some duties tocentral government
Shares power with thecentral government
Citizens Vote for centralgovernment officials
Vote for state governmentofficials
Votes for both state ¢ral officials
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Why is Federalism So Important?
Decentralizesour politics
More opportunities for citizens to participate
Decentralizesour policies
Gives Federal & state the choice of which government should take
care of which problem
States can solve the same problem in different ways
The Constitutional Basis of U.S. Federalism
The Division of Power is found in:
The U.S. Constitution
Laws of Congress
State Constitutions
State Laws
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TYPES OF FEDERALISM
Dual federalism
Cooperative federalism
Creative federalism
New federalism
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Dual federalism, a legal theory which has prevailed in the United States since 1789, isthe belief that the United States consists of two separate and co-sovereign branches of
government. This form of government works on the principle that the national and stategovernments are split into their own spheres, and each is supreme within its respectivesphere. Specifically, dual federalism discusses the relationship between the nationalgovernment and the states' governments. According to this theory, there are certainlimits placed on the federal government. These limits are:
1. National government rules by rules only.2. National government has a limited set of constitutional purposes.
3. Each governmental unitstate and federalis sovereign within its sphere ofoperations.4. Relationship between nation and states is best summed up as tension rather thancooperation
DUAL FEDERALISM
Cooperative federalism emphasized an expanded role for the nationalgovernment, and cooperation between the national government and the states.
This relationship predominated between 1930 and 1960.
COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM
National government- give grantsStrings-Attached Federal GrantsTypes of grants Categorical Grants Block Grants
IMPLEMENTING COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM
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Creative federalism, also known as "picket fence federalism," predominated during theperiod of 1960 to 1980. This relationship was characterized by overloaded cooperation andcrosscutting regulations.
CREATIVE FEDERALISM
New federalism, sometimes referred to as "on your own federalism," is characterized byfurther devolution of power from national to state governments, deregulation, but alsoincreased difficulty of states to fulfill their new mandates. This period began in 1981 andcontinues to the present.
NEW FEDERALISM
Anti-Federalism is a political philosophy which opposes the concept of Federalism. Inshort, Anti-Federalists dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should beequal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (stategovernment). A book titled "The Anti-Federalist Papers" is a detailed explanation ofAmerican Anti-Federalist thought.
ANTI-FEDERALISM
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THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LEVELS OF GOV.T DIFFERENT TIERS OF GOV.T GOVERN THE SAME CITIZEN ,BUT EACH TIER
HAS ITS OWN JURISDICTION
THE JURISDICTION OF THE RESPECTIVE LEVELS OR TIERS OF
GOVERNMENT ARE SPECIFIED IN THE CONSTITUTION
NO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE CAN BE MADE IN THE CONSTITUTION WITHOUTTHE CONSENT OF ALL LEVELS OF GOV.T
AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY PREVENTS CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE CENTER
AND THE STATE AND AMONG THE STATE
EACH LEVEL OF GOV.T HAS CLEARLY SPECIFIED SOURCE OF REVENUE TO
AVOID CONFLICT
THE FEDERAL SYSTEM THUS HAS DUAL OBJECTIVES :
1)TO SAFE GUARD AND PROMOTE UNITY OF THE COUNTRY
2)TO ACCOMMODATE REGIONAL DIVERSITY
KEY FEATURES OF FEDERALISM
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Understanding Federalism
Advantages for Democracy
Increasing citizen access to
government
Local problems can be solved
locally
Hard for political parties / interest
groups to dominate ALL politics
Disadvantages for Democracy
States have different levels of
service
Local interest can counteract
national interests
Too many levels of government-
too much money
Federalism and the Scope of Government
Which level of government is best able to solve the problem?
Which level of government is best able tofundsolutions to the problem?
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
States Obligations to Each Other & Federal
* Full Faith and Credit
* Extradition
* Privileges and Immunities (citizens in every state have same rights)
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WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY ?
POWERS ARE DIVIDED AS :
UNION LIST
STATE LIST
CONCURENT LIST
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CUNCURRENT LISThas 47 subjects
education marriage,
forest are subjects
Laws are made by
members of state as
well as union list
Union list
Has 99 subjects
Banking, communication,currency are the
subjects
Laws made by Members
of union list
STATE LIST
has 66 subjects
Police, trade, commerceare subjects
laws are made by
members of state list
INDIA, A FEDERAL COUNTRY
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DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
DECENTRALISATION MEANS THAT SOME POWER IS TAKEN
AWAY FROM THE CENTRAL AND STATE GOV.T AND GIVENTO LOCAL GOV.T
UNIONGOV.T
STATEGOV.T
LOCAL
GOV.T
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LOCAL GOVERNMENT
RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
COVERS ENTIRE RURAL DISTRICT
ZILLA PARISHAD
COVERS ALL GRAM PANCHAYATHS UNDERTHEM
GRAM SAMITHIS
COVERS VILLAGES OR GROUP OF VILLAGES
GRAM PANCHAYATHS
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URBAN LOCAL GOV.T
SMALLERURBAN AREASMUNCILALCOUNCIL
LARGERURBANAREAS
MUNCIPALCORPORATION
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