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Federalism Pt. 2
The Supremacy Clause
Gives the national government supremacy over state and local governmentsStates cannot use reserved or concurrent
powers to counter national policiesState and local officeholders must take an oath
supporting the U.S. Constitution upon taking office.
The clause created many conflicts throughout historyMost significantly the Civil War
Little Rock, AK
The Civil War and Federalism
The Civil War was a power struggle between the states and the national government
Nullification CrisisTariffs on imported goods angered SouthernersSouth Carolina attempted to nullify (make void)
the tariffsBelieved that the state should have the ultimate
authority to determine the welfare of its citizens
Civil War and Federalism Cont’d
Supporters of Nullification used the idea to justify secession-or the withdrawal of the states from the Union
The defeat of the South in the Civil War resulted in an increase of political power for the national government
Critical ThinkingDo you think the Southerners were right in their thinking that the states should have the ultimate authority in the welfare of their people? Why or why not?
Dual Federalism
This model states that the federal and state governments are basically equalEach level of government has separate and distinct functions
Courts sometimes often ruled in favor of local or state governments over the national government
Predominant until the 1930s
Cooperative Federalism
This model views the national and state government as complimentary parts of a single governmental mechanism
The purpose of this “mechanism” is to solve problems facing the entire United States
Grew out of the need to solve the tremendous problems of the Great Depression
The Great Depression and the New DealThe New Deal was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
It involved many government spending measures aimed at getting the U.S. out of the Great Depression
This marked the beginning cooperative federalism and the beginning of national supremacy
The New Deal
Critical ThinkingDo you think that cooperative federalism and national supremacy (a stronger national government) would have developed if it hadn’t been for the Great Depression?
1960s and the Great Society
The Great Society was created by President Johnson and greatly increased the powers of the national government
Examples include:Medicaid and MedicareJob CorpsCivil Rights Act of 1964
The Great Society
New FederalismNew Federalism was meant to be a revival of Dual
FederalismLaunched by President Nixon in the 1970s and
supported by President Reagan in the 1980s Involved returning to the states certain powers that
have been exercised by the national government since the 1930sExample: 1996 welfare reform gave the states
more authority over welfare programs
New Federalism