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1Femtocells Technology and Practices
FemtocellsTechnology and Practices
IMSFormation Seminar; July 28th 2010Moderator: Yair Shapira – AccessPoint
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2Femtocells Technology and Practices
Seminar Agenda
1) Introduction, technology definition, status
2) Backhaul/Network alternatives
3) Interference Scenarios
4) Self Configuration / Self Optimization
5) Mobility Management
6) The WiFi FAP
7) The Enterprise Femtocell
8) The Femtocell Business Model
FAP
Internet
FAP
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3Femtocells Technology and Practices
Prologue: The Battle for the Home
• ASDL and Cable companies competing to provide flat fee broadband to the home
• Skype & others reducing the value of Voice Telephony to a 13 kbps data (ADPCM
VoIP) service
• Interactive TV companies changing the 60- channel Broadcast TV model into
unlimited-choice interactive digital TV (8 Mbps MPEG4 HDTV)
• Google, Apple, eBay, RIM (Blackberry) and other internet companies leading the
introduction of new services (and revenues ! )
• The Mobile Operator position in the value chain is challenged
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4Femtocells Technology and Practices
Femtocells are low-power wireless access points that:
1. Operate in licensed spectrum
2. Connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s network
3. Using residential DSL or cable broadband connections.
Forecast: By 2011, more then 100 million users on 32 million access points worldwide.
More realistic estimation: By 2012 more then 60 million users on 32 Femtocells
Femtocells are also known as home base station, Femtocell Access Point (FAP), or home
NodeB (HNodeB).
Source: What is a femtocell? http://www.femtoforum.org/femto/index.php?id=46
What are Femtocells (Femto Forum Definition)
FAP
Operator’s Core Network
Internet
FAP
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5Femtocells Technology and Practices
• Low-power
• Small-size
• Small range
• for residential or small business environments
• Self deployed, Self optimized
• Full operator management.
• Internet-grade backhaul.
• Prices comparable with Wi-Fi access points
($30~$200 for home usage).
• Typically support 2 to 6 concurrent users.
In many cases not all of the above apply!!!!
What are Femtocell ? Other Characteristics
Ubiquisys and Public Wireless Announce
Availability of the First 3G Metro FemtocellRoke Manor and picoChip
femtocell has 40km range
Access Modes
• CSG
• Open
• Hybrid
Femtocell types
• Residential
• Enterprise
• Metro
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6Femtocells Technology and Practices
Current Status
• 14 carriers in 8 countries are offering Femtocell service
– Including: ATT, Sprint-Nextel, Verizon, KDDI, DOCOMO and Vodafone
– Further deployments are expected shortly
• ABI Research estimates > 60 ongoing operator trials
• 2010 shipments are expected to be above 3 Million units
• Forecast:
– Femtocell shipments reaching 30 million in 2014. [$4bn]
– Femtocell based 3G service revenue $9bn per annum by 2014 Source:
[Juniper Research]
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7Femtocells Technology and Practices
US Operators and Their Femtocell Technology
EV-DO
Network Extender
Samsung (July 2010)
CDMA 1X RTT
Network Extender
Samsung
Verizon
EV-DO
AirWave
Airvana (June 2010)
CDMA 1X RTT
AirWave
Samsung
Sprint Nextel
UMTS
3G Microcell
CISCO / (IP.access ?)
ATT
3G Femtocell2G-2.5G FemtocellService Provider
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8Femtocells Technology and Practices
How operators present the Femtocell?
“No matter what network you are on, your mobile signal can sometimes be less than
perfect. Mobile signal issues can be caused by more than just how far you are from
the nearest mobile phone mast. Sometimes they happen because of the location of
the building you’re in, or the building type itself. We call these areas ‘blackspots' and
all mobile phone networks around the world suffer from them. They can occur no
matter where you live, even in cities with lots of mobile phone masts . "
Vodafone - Sure Signal
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9Femtocells Technology and Practices
Why Femtocells?Because happy customers spend more
Femtocells provide a
cellular signal directly in
the home, encouraging
customers to increase
their spending on mobile
services
Lack of mobile
coverage in homes
causes lost revenues
and makes
customers unhappy
Femtocell solutionMobile operator
challenge
Young person’s social life
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10Femtocells Technology and Practices
Why Femtocells ? Because they create new business opportunities
• For wireless operators:
• Femtocell is expected to be a fixed-mobile substitution (FMS) solution who can be
utilized as a wireless DSL solution.
• For wireline operators:
• Femtocell provides opportunity to enter the mobile virtual network operator
(MVNO)-based wireless markets,
Femtocell based 3G service revenue $9bn per annum by 2014 Source: Juniper Research
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11Femtocells Technology and Practices
In building 3.5-4G subscribers have the
following impact on the network:
1) Consume significant amount of capacity
(bits)
• 50%-70% of the cellular traffic is
consumed indoors
• Most data application are
expected to be used indoors
2) Consume more time/frequency (in 4G)
or time/code resources (in 3.5G) due to
lower link budget. As a result the
outdoor subscribers get less resources.
Macro HSPA User Throughout [kbps] for 1UE/cell (BTS is 100 meters from home)
Macro Network Off Load
Source: Femto Forum
In Door users are usually
“slow users”
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In Building Femtocell vs. Macro cell Throughput
Source: Airvana
(Indoor ) Femtocell spectral efficiency is much hi gher mainly due to good coverage and e low interference
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Airvana Test Results
Source: Airvana
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Femtocell Benefits - Summary
To the Operator
• Increases both coverage and capacity.
• Reduces churn
• Increases adoption of data services.
• Create new converged services.
• Provides foot hold at home
• Reduces operation costs (CAPEX)
• Offloads the Macro network
To the Consumer
• Reduce cost. (Free calls at home!)
• Good indoor service without change in
phones.
• Simplicity:
• One phone.
• One number.
• Location specific pricing.
• New services
• Providing services across all
environments.
• Reduces handset radiation
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15Femtocells Technology and Practices
FAP Access Modes
1. CSG – Closed Subscriber Group
Service is allowed only to pre-defined subscribers
2. Open Access
Service is open to all subscribers
Service is allowed only to pre-defined subscribers
3. Hybrid Access
A combination of service to pre defined subscribers and enabling
service to “others”
The pre defined subscribers will have the highest priority (over the
“others” in terms of throughput and QoS
Back
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FAP Types
1. Residential
Usually CSG
3-6 simultaneous sessions
2. Enterprise
Usually CSG (may also be Hybrid or Open Access)
8-32 simultaneous sessions
3. Public (Metro)
Usually Open Access
8-32 simultaneous sessions
Back
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17Femtocells Technology and Practices
The Femtocell Value Chain (1)
Chipset Provider
Femtocell Unit
ManufacturerOperator Customer
Middleware developer
Residential - Current Model
e.g. PicoChip e.g. IPAccess e.g. ATT e.g. The Smiths
e.g. Epitiro
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18Femtocells Technology and Practices
The Femtocell Value Chain
Chipset Provider
Femtocell Unit
ManufacturerRetailer
Operator
Customer
Middleware developer
Residential – Possible Future Model
e.g. PicoChip e.g. IPAccess
e.g. ATT
e.g. The Smiths
e.g. Office Depot
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19Femtocells Technology and Practices
The Femtocell Value Chain
Enterprise – Possible Model
Chipset Provider
Femtocell Unit
ManufacturerIntegrator
Operator
Enterprise
e.g. PicoChip e.g. IPAccess e.g. Avaya
e.g. ATT
e.g. Philip Morris
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Alternative Network Architectures
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The Challenges
• Support large number of Femtocell Node Bs
• Allow the core network communicate with the FAP as it was a conventional NodeB
but do it through the IP Public Internet network while maintaining:
– Security
– QoS
– Scalability
• Maintain standardization as much as possible
• Provide synchronization to the FAP
Radio Access
FAP
FAP
FAP
FAP
FAPStandard Interfaces
IU-CSIU-PSInternet RNC/BSC
???
Core Network
Call Quality
???
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Iub over IP Connectivity
• This architecture takes the existing Iub interface and transports it over IP
• Appealing to vendors with existing RNCs because the functional blocks of the
system exist in the same nodes.
NodeB
Core Network
MSC/VLR/SGSN
GAN Cell
HLR
Public Network
RNC
Licensed UMTS
Iub
Iu-CSIu-PS
Iub/IPFAP
RNC
Iu-CSIu-PS
FAP-GW
IubIub/IP
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Iu over IP Connectivity
• The RNC functionality (for FAP) is embedded into the FAP
• In this architecture the Iu-CS and Iu-PS RNC to CN protocol is transferred over IP.
• Handovers are Inter RNC
• In this architecture the core network needs handle hundreds of thousands of
RNC’s
MSC/VLR/SGSN
Licensed UMTS
Iub
NodeB
Core Network
GAN Cell
HLRPublic Network
Iu-CSIu-PS
Iu/IPFAP
RNC
Iu-CSIu-PS
FAP-GW
Iu/IP
The FAP takes the role of the RNC
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• The Iu/IP is not well standardized and therefore the 3GPP has proposed an interface standard called Iuh (3GPP TS 25.444).
• Standardize common features for the HNB
• Allow common agreed transport for proprietary enhancements to allow product differentiation
• Transported over IPv4 and IPv6
• Uses IPsec
• 3GPP TS 25.444: "UTRAN Iuh Data Transport".
• 3GPP TS 25.468: "UTRAN Iuh Interface RUA signalling".
• 3GPP TS 25.469: " UTRAN Iuh Interface HNBAP signalling ".
• 3GPP TS 25.401: "UTRAN overall description".
• 3GPP TS 25.410: "UTRAN Iu Interface: general aspects and principles".
3GPP Iuh (Iu-Home) for Home NodeB
Standard common features for the HNB
Standard transport for proprietary enhancements
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LTE Femtocell - Architectural Aspects
Since LTE/SAE is based on a flat all-IP architecture, the architecture and
interfaces are the same for femtocells as for macrocells. LTE femtocells (Home
eNodeBs) require no new interfaces to be defined and no changes are required
to EPC elements.
S1-MME MME
HeNBLTE - Uu
S-GWS1-U
The HeNB can be directly connected to the MME and S-GW assuming that the MME
and S-GW have sufficient capacity to support large numbers of femtocell S1
interfaces.
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LTE Femtocell - Architectural Aspects
However new optional element, called the Home eNodeB Gateway (HeNB GW), is
defined to provide aggregation of multiple Home eNodeBs in the core network.
The HeNB GW aggregates S1 interfaces (S1-MME and S1-U), potentially improving the
scalability of the core network in regard to femtocells.
S1-MME MME
HeNBLTE - Uu
S-GWS1-UHeNB-GW
S1
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27Femtocells Technology and Practices
LTE Femtocell - Architectural Aspects
S1-MME MME
HeNBLTE - Uu
S-GWS1-U
HeNB-GW
Aggregating the control plane only
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28Femtocells Technology and Practices
Timing, Synchronization and Location
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29Femtocells Technology and Practices
CDMA and WiMAX base stations must be synchronized to
within 1-3us of GPS time to avoid interference and to
support call handoff.
Absolute timing
synchronization
required for CDMA
Timing
Synchronization
To maintain frequency alignment with the macro cellular
network, femtocells must broadcast at a pilot frequency
with error no greater than 100 parts per billion. There are
efforts to reduce this requirement to 250ppb (3GPP
Home NodeB in Release8). WiMAX Femtocells require 20-
40 ppb accuracy.
Spectrum AccuracyFrequency
Stability
Detailed RequirementRequirementCategory
Femtocell Synchronization and Timing
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30Femtocells Technology and Practices
Network Timing and Synchronization
Available Timing References
Timing over packet
“Enhanced” NTP (Network Time Protocol)
IEEE 1588
GPS signal
Indoor solutions available in the market
Radio Scan
Adjacent macro cells
Adjacent Femtocells
TV Signals
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Location Tracking
Methods
• GPS
• Cell Sensing - nearest Macro cells or FAP’s
• TV Signal
• Internet IP address
• Manual Insertion of the Customer address
Operators may wish to restrict the usage of Femtocells to certain
geographic areas for a variety of reasons including pricing or service
differentiation across jurisdictional boundaries (state, country, etc.) or
preventing unintended usage.
Control of Customer
Usage
Location
Femtocells cannot be used in geographic areas for which the provider
does not have a license to operate a wireless network.
Cellular Operating
License Verification
Requirements differ by country. In the US, the FCC E911 legislation
mandates identification of the location of the serving cellular base station
(Phase 1), and also identification of the location of the handset (Phase 2).
The degree of accuracy depends on the location technology utilized
(handset-based or network-based). For details, see
www.fcc.gov/pshs/services/911-aervices/.
Emergency caller
location identification
Detailed RequirementRequirementCategory
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Interference Scenarios
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Shared vs. separated spectrum
Macro layer and Femto layer share the same spectrum
Macro Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Macro layer and Femto layer use different spectrum
Macro Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
Femto Coverage
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Interference Scenarios (Shared Spectrum)
FemtoA
FemtoB
UE 1
UE 2
NodeB
e
f
Apartment A Apartment BShared Spectrum
UE 4
UE 3
a
b
d
c
UE1
FemtoA
UE3
FemtoB
NodeB
UE2
Aggressor
UL signal of UE1 interferes with the UL signal of UE4FemtoAf
DL signal of FemtoA interferes with the DL signal of FemtoBUE1e
UL signal of UE3 interferes with the UL signal of UE2/UE1FemtoBd
DL signal of FemtoB interferes with the DL signal of NodeBUE3c
DL signal of NodeB interferes with the DL signal of FemtoBUE2b
UL signal of UE2 interferes with the UL signal of UE3NodeBa
DescriptionVictimDesignation
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Interference Scenarios (Dedicated Spectrum)
FemtoA
FemtoB
UE 1
UE 2
NodeB
e
f
Apartment A Apartment B
Femto SpectrumMacro Spectrum
UE 4
UE 3
UE1
FemtoA
Aggressor
UL signal of UE1 interferes with the UL signal of UE4FemtoAf
DL signal of FemtoA interferes with the DL signal of FemtoBUE1e
DescriptionVictimDesignation
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Adjacent Channel (AC) Interference Scenarios (where dedicated spectrum is used)
FemtoA
FemtoB
UE 1
UE 2
NodeB
e
f
Apartment A Apartment B
Femto SpectrumMacro Spectrum
UE 4
UE 3
g
h
j
i
UE3
FemtoB
NodeB
UE2
Aggressor
UL AC signal of UE3 interferes with the UL signal of UE2/UE1FemtoBj
DL AC signal of FemtoB interferes with the DL signal of NodeBUE3i
DL AC signal of NodeB interferes with the DL signal of FemtoBUE2h
UL AC signal of UE2 interferes with the UL signal of UE3NodeBg
DescriptionVictimDesignation
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Femtocells Mobility Management
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Mobility Elements
• Idle Mobility
– Measurement of surrounding cells
– Cell ranking/prioritization
– Cell selection/reselection
– Registration in the current tracking/Location area
– Receiving pages
• On session (active) mobility
– Measurement of surrounding cells
– Cell ranking/prioritization
– Handover process
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Idle and Active Mobility Management in Cellular networks
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40Femtocells Technology and Practices
FAP Related Mobility Scenarios
1. Macrocell to FAP – “inbound”
2. FAP to macrocell – “outbound”
3. FAP to FAP
4. FAP to other access networks 1
2 3
4Macro
FAP
FAP
Other Access (e.g WiFi)
FAP mobility features may be implemented at the:
1) Handset (UE)2) FAP GW3) MME/SGSN4) HSS/HLR
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FAP Mobility vs. Releases
Pre Release 8
Release 8
Only FAP to macro handover mode
PCI/PCS confusion might occur
Release 9
PSC/PCI confusion at handover has been resolved
Inter FAP (CSG) handover
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FAP Mobility Issues
• Large number and high density of FAPs
• Handover attempts might load the network
• Cell ID numbers - PSCs (UMTS) and PCIs (LTE) are limited (“PCI Confusion”)
• Neighbor list size is limited (32/64)
• Neighbor unpredictability - Dynamic neighboring constellations
• FAPs may be added or removed dynamically
• Cell prioritization - sometimes required to be against cellular conventions
• A UE under a better macro signal may be required to handover to a FAPs
• A UE under a better FAP signal may be required to be served by the Macro BTS
• Maintaining fast handover through internet connectivity
• Service continuity between outdoor and indoor networks
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PSC/PCI Confusion
More than one FAP under macro coverage shares the same Physical Cell Identification
(PSC/PCI). This is a likely scenario in mass deployments of FAPs in parallel to Macro
eNB deployment. The network might thus not be able to do a handover since another
cell with the same PSC/PCI is being reported.
FAP
PSC 1
FAP
PSC 2
FAP
PSC 3FAP
PSC 4
FAP
PSC 5
FAP
PSC 6
FAP
PSC 7FAP
PSC 8
FAP
PSC 9
FAP
PSC 10
FAP
PSC 1
FAP
PSC 2
FAP
PSC 3Neighboring
FAP
112
????
PSC 3Mobility
Management
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44Femtocells Technology and Practices
Using a short NCL
Macro Layer
• The neighboring cells are identified by
their PSC/PCI
• The FAPs are identified by a PSC/PCI of a
small reserved group (10 numbers or so)
• The reserved PSC/PCI group is
transmitted by the Macro BTS and the
FAPs at the vicinity of FAPs
• UE’s that receive the reserved group try
to search for FAPs identified by a
PCI/PCS of the reserved group
• This way the UE’s do not need to search
for “tones” of different PSCs/PCIs, the
search time is shorter and battery
consumption is reduced
NCL- Neighboring Cell List
PCI – Physical Cell ID
Short NCL based on reserved PSC/PCI
FAP
PSC 1
FAP
PSC 2
FAP
PSC 3FAP
PSC 4
FAP
PSC 5
FAP
PSC 6
FAP
PSC 7FAP
PSC 8
FAP
PSC 9
FAP
PSC 10
FAP
PSC 1
FAP
PSC 2
FAP
PSC 3Neighboring
FAP
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• The UE Autonomous Search is an optional feature proposed in Release 8
• The purpose of this feature is to enable the UE search for FAPs autonomously
• UE Neighbors Search in LTE
– The UE does not get an NCL (neighbor list) from the serving cell
– The UE is responsible for identifying the neighboring cells
– The network only provides the RF carriers upon which to search for
neighboring cells and measure them
– UEs are capable of detecting neighboring cells and reporting them to the
serving eNB, using their physical cells identities.
– The eNB may still target the EU to a Pre- identified neighbor if this neighbor
was pre-defined by the system designer
• In Release 8 only CSG FAPs are searched
• Next releases will define search of other types of FAPs (e.g. Hybrid, Open).
• The conditions of when to trigger the Autonomous Search is left to the UE vendors’
implementation
LTE UE Neighbors Autonomous Search
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Macro Layer
Issues:
• All UE’s under the coverage of the macro
BTS might start measure FAPs
•Solution: A pre – verification
method is used. The Network will
provide the Short NCL only to those
UEs which have allowed FAP under
the coverage of the cell
• The UE might discover other FAP with
the same PSC/PCI
•Solution: post verification based on
CSG ID transmitted by the candidate
FAP or on checking of the ACL in the
FAPs-GW
NCL- Neighboring Cell List
PCI – Physical Cell ID
Short NCL based on reserved PSC/PCI
FAP
PSC 1
FAP
PSC 2
FAP
PSC 3FAP
PSC 4
FAP
PSC 5
FAP
PSC 6
FAP
PSC 7FAP
PSC 8
FAP
PSC 9
FAP
PSC 10
FAP
PSC 1
FAP
PSC 2
FAP
PSC 3Neighboring
FAP
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Targeting only the allowed FAPs
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47Femtocells Technology and Practices
Pre Determination - CSG and ACL
CSG
• CSG – Closed Subscriber Group is a list of the only subscribers that are allowed to be served by a certain FAP.
• CSG ID is a 27 bit word that defines each CSG in the system
• Several FAPs may have the same CSG ID (e.g. enterprise)
• Only rel. 8 handsets “know” what todo with “CSG ID”
ACL
• ACL (Allowed CSG List) lists the CSG ID’s
that are open to a certain UE in one or
more FAPs.
ACL for UE xyz
CSG ID xx
CSG ID xy
CSG ID zx
CSG ID
IMSI xIMSI yIMSI z
FAPCSG
• When a UE identifies a FAP it is beneficial to know in advance whether the FAP is allowed to the UE and avoid unnecessary communication with the CN. This is done by using either CSG/CSG-ID or ACL
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Macrocell to FAP (inbound) Handoff
FAPB NodeB
Most complex one
• When entering the building the signal strength of the macro system may be above
a certain threshold, and therefore the FAP will not initiate a search for another
nodeB and will not discover the FAP.
• A large number of indoor F-APs may exist in a macrocell
•need to select appropriate one from many FAPs
• The macro BTS need to transmit the scanning information of all neighbor macro
BTSs and indoor FAP
• High power consumption while
the UE’s scans long neighbor list
• The UE MAC overhead becomes
significant due to the increased
size of neighbor cell list message
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FAPB
FAPB
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49Femtocells Technology and Practices
Example for inbound HO solution - IP.Access (1)
Step 1: Pre- Determination
The key issue in this phase is finding a way for the RNC to determine which FAP is allowed to the user before negotiating a hand-in and waste time and system overhead.
• Reusable scrambling codes
– A small number of PSC’s (scrambling codes) is reserved for the FAP layer.
– When first installed, the FAP scans the FAPs PSC’s around and selects one of the unused PSC’s. The FAP then reports the network which PSC it uses.
– The same PSCs are reused across all FAPs in the network, creating a virtual FAP layer that is treated just like any other layer in the cell hierarchy.
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50Femtocells Technology and Practices
• Determining whether the UE is allowed
– Like all cells in the network, each FAP broadcasts its frequency and PSC . When a
UE moves into range of the FAP, it signals the frequency and PSC of the received
FAP to the local RNC and requests a handover.
– The RNC adds the user’s unique International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) to
the request and sends it via the core network to the Access Controller (AC).
The AC looks up the IMSI in its Access Control list to determine whether the FAP
has this subscriber in its “white list” (CSG).
Example for inbound HO solution - IP.Access (2)
NodeBFAP
Core Network
Frequency+ PSC Frequency+
PSC+IMSI
RNC
FAP
FAPFAP
AC (FAP Access Controller)
IP
FAPs White list
FAP 1: IMSI x, IMSI y
FAP n: IMSI j, IMSI k
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51Femtocells Technology and Practices
– The AC requests the FAP to send out a beacon signal on the download sync channel of the NodeB . The UE detects the beacon signal and responds with the uplink sync message, and handover proceeds as normal.
Example for inbound HO solution - IP.Access (3)
NodeB
FAP
FAP
FAP
Core Network
AC (FAP Access Controller)
RNC
FAPs White list
FAP 1: IMSI x, IMSI y
FAP n: IMSI j, IMSI k
Beacon
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52Femtocells Technology and Practices
Qualcomm’s Beacon Approach
Beacon triggers inter frequency
search
• Temporarily reduces Macro
Ecp/Io in the vicinity of the FAP
• Beacon contains synchronization
and overhead channels
• Voice quality not affected
• With properly designed beacons
no impact on macro user’s
throughput
Source: Qualcomm
Beacon Bursts
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Regulatory Issues
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54Femtocells Technology and Practices
Regulatory Issues
Enforcing operation in license areas
• Femtocell is licensed to operate only where carrier has licensed spectrum
• Femtocell is not in the control of the operator but the user
• Operator is licensed to provide service in pre defined geographical areas.
The operator needs to ensure and verify that the Femtocell is located in
licensed area before providing service.
• In some countries, a base station must provide location information in
emergency service calls
• In most countries the operator most enable lawful intercept of the calls
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55Femtocells Technology and Practices
Regulatory Issues
Lawful intercept
Handled by SA3, TS 33.106 and TS 33.107
Lawful intercept requirements dependent on country of deployment. In broad terms
the following is required:
• The network must allow LI of any user on its network, this could be a home
user or a visiting user.
• The data must be provided together with decryption keys for the network if
the data is encrypted. Application level encryption keys are collected from
the service provider.
• A user is identified by IMEI or IMSI.
• In Europe it also necessary for the network to stored information about the
user‟s history. The data retention directive. Login, movement and amount of
data
• Requirements on how lawful intercept must be implemented
• In order to enable Lawful interception, the traffic should path through the
operator’s core network
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Products
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57Femtocells Technology and Practices
Oyster 3G – IP.access
UMTS I, IV, II / V bandsOutput Power: 5 mW4 or 8 simultaneous users
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58Femtocells Technology and Practices
Oyster 3G – IP.access
FAP
Internet
FAP
Sec-GWFemtocell Provisioning System
Access Controller
Femtocell operations and Management
Core Network
Iu
Iuh
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59Femtocells Technology and Practices
UBIQUISYS G3-MINI
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60Femtocells Technology and Practices
Percello PRC6500
61
61Femtocells Technology and Practices
Percello PRC6500
62
62Femtocells Technology and Practices
picoXcell™ PC323 HSPA+ femtocell SoC
Complete 3GPP Release 8 FAP
• 42Mbit/s HSDPA, 11.5Mbit/s HSUPA
• Up to 24 users
• Receive diversity
• Transmit MIMO
• Comprehensive security features
• Timing support
• Energy saving modes
• Pin- and code-compatible with 4-user, 8-user and 16-
user variants
• Supported with full suite of protocol stack software
63
63Femtocells Technology and Practices
picoXcell™ PC323 HSPA+ femtocell SoC
Product Features
• Complete 3GPP Release 8 WCDMA (HSPA+) femtocell
• 42Mbit/s DL, 11.5Mbit/s UL
• Up to 24 users
• Receive diversity
• Transmit MIMO
• ARM1176JZ-S 600MHz processing core for protocol stack
• Security- IPSec, Kasumi, AES hardware- TrustZone- Secure boot- True random number generator- 4096 OTP fuses for keys
• Supports Iuh, FAPI, FRMI
• Supports integrated RNC functionality & stack management
• Hardware support for packet based timing- IEEE1588-NTPv3.0- GPS support
• 3G and 2G network monitor (SON TR32.821)
• TR-196 based management control