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Fenugreek Seed Gums

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FENUGREEK SEED GUM BY: PRATHAMESH KUDALKAR 13FET1011
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FENUGREEKSEED GUMBY: PRATHAMESH KUDALKAR

13FET1011

FENUGREEKFenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) is an annual herb, which belongs to the legume family.

It is widely grown in India, Egypt, Middle Eastern countries as well as in Canada

India is the largest producer of fenugreek in the world with Rajasthan contributing more than 80% of the production

The seeds are used as a spice and the leaves are consumed as a green vegetable.

Fenugreek is an underutilized tropical legume, whose seeds can especially be used to produce gum in developing countries such as India.

FENUGREEK SEEDSFenugreek seeds are found in pods at the extremity of the plantThey have been used medicinally and as a food ingredient for many centuries.Whole fenugreek seed is edible and the gum derived from it has been recently added to the list of edible galactomannan gums.Fenugreek gum is derived from the endosperm of the seeds, just like other seed gums such as guar gum and locust bean gum.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Pods Removal of Seeds

Mechanical Loosening of

Hull

Washing & Flaking

DryingGrindingSifting & Sieving

Fenugreek Seed Gum

Fenugreek Seeds Fenugreek Gum Fenugreek Gum Powder

CHEMISTRYStructurally Fenugreek gums are composed of a linear backbone of b-D (1/4) D-mannose units with a-D (1/6) D-galactose units attached as side chains.Fenugreek gum has a molecular weight of range 5.0x10^5 to 9.5x10^5 D.Fenugreek gum has a uniform distribution of galactose to mannan backbone in the ratio of 1:1. This ratio is 1:2 for guar gum.Highly branched structure influences the most properties of FG

PROPERTIESThe ratio of galactose to mannose for fenugreek is 1:1 when compared to guar gum and locust bean gum having ratio of 1:2 and 1:4 respectively.

Mannan is hydrophobic while galactose is hydrophilic.

As fenugreek gum powder contains more galactose and so has superior solubility as well as dispersiveness which results to forming of stable colloid for a longer period of time.

It hydrates rapidly in water

The size of particle is inversely proportional to the hydration rate i.e. with decrease in particle size the hydration rate increases.

Rate of hydration increases as the temperature increases.

PROPERTIESThe rheological behavior of fenugreek gum is similar to that of guar and LBG.

Viscosity is a function of time, temperature, pH, concentration and particle size.

Viscosity increases at higher temperatures.

Its viscosity at a given concentration is lower than guar gum and LBG, due to lower molecular weight.

Because of fully substituted backbone, it doesn’t interact with other polysaccharide (such as carrageenan or Xanthan) to show synergistic viscosity increase and gelling.

Forms gel with borate ions, but are inedible.

Being non-ionic, viscosity is unaffected by the presence of electrolytes.

Its emulsions are composed of tiny and uniform oil droplets (<1ug for the most part)

GRADES

Gum A and B dissolves

in water

odorless translucent white gel occurs, and its taste is like cereal

viscous agent

Gum C faint curry smell and are more yellowish brown than Gum B

health supplements, tablets, and capsules

MEDICINAL PROPERTIESFenugreek has been described in Ayurvedic and Unani Systems.Being non-metabolized in human systems, the galactomannans act as dietary fibers and promote the beneficial pre-biotic colon bacteria.It has also been shown to reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels more than any other galactomannan. So they are beneficial to diabetics.Clinical studies show that only 2-3g of FG has the same nutraceutical effect of 20g of other dietary fibres.Commercial products are manufactured nowadays.

APPLICATIONS

REGULATORY STATUSGRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe)Usage Limits: GMP

CONCLUSIONFenugreek is widely grown in India. It can serve as a replacement for other seed gums. Its easy availability keeps the cost in check.

Fenugreek gum has excellent hydration properties, much better than other seed gums.

Can be easily incorporated in food by blending with guar gum or locust bean gum to achieve the required hydration as well as viscosity.

Dry process for extraction of Fenugreek gum (mentioned earlier) is more effective and economical than the wet process used in some Industries.

By product of extraction process, seed germ and husk, can be used in Nutraceutical formulations.

Fenugreek gum must be widely used.

THANK YOU!


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