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SpermatogenesisSpermatogenesis Spermatogonium Spermatogonium 精母細胞精母細胞 110 0 spermatocyte spermatocyte 初級精細胞初級精細胞 2200 spermatocyte spermatocyte Spermatid Spermatid 精細胞精細胞 SpermiogenesisSpermiogenesis 精子形成 精子形成 spermatozoonspermatozoon
Haploid chromosome(double chromatin)
Haploid chromosome(single chromatin)
Transportation of gamets: sperm Reflex ejaculationReflex ejaculation
EmissionEmission 遺洩遺洩 EjaculationEjaculation 射精射精
Semen Semen 3.5 ml3.5 ml 200-600 million sperms200-600 million sperms 2-3 mm/min (30~50 um/se2-3 mm/min (30~50 um/se
c)c) Survive < 48 h in female geSurvive < 48 h in female ge
nital tractnital tract Survive 24h in vitroSurvive 24h in vitro
• Dog: 2~3 days in vitroDog: 2~3 days in vitro
Virginal plug 陰道栓Deferentectomy 輸精管切除
Sperm activity
Sperm number:-100 million / ml-20~50 million / ml -- receivable-<10 million / ml -- sterility
OogenesisOogenesis Oogonia Oogonia mature oocytes mature oocytes Primordial folliclePrimordial follicle 原始濾泡原始濾泡
Primary oocyte + one layer folliclePrimary oocyte + one layer follicle Primary folliclePrimary follicle 初級濾泡初級濾泡
Primary oocyte + zona pelluidaPrimary oocyte + zona pelluida 透明層 透明層 + + multiple layers follicle multiple layers follicle
Secondary follicleSecondary follicle Primary oocyte + zona pellucida + multipPrimary oocyte + zona pellucida + multip
le layers follicle + antrumle layers follicle + antrum Graafian follicleGraafian follicle 成熟濾泡成熟濾泡
Primordial folliclePrimordial follicle
Primary folliclePrimary follicle
Secondary follicleSecondary follicle
Graafian follicleGraafian follicle
Oogenesis 卵子生成
Birth
Oocyte maturation inhibitor(OMI)
Meiosis I finish1st polar body Meiosis II begin
Meiosis II finish2nd polar body
1,700
600,0002,000,000
400-500
Meiosis I begin
依卵黃含量與分佈,將卵分為 :- 無卵黃卵 (alecithal egg): 卵黃非常少。有胎盤哺乳類屬之。- 寡卵黃或均卵黃卵 (oligolecithal, isolecithal, or homolecithal egg): 卵黃的量少,分佈均勻。無脊椎動物及脊索動物屬之。- 端卵黃 (telolecithal egg): 卵黃量多,偏於卵的一端。鳥類屬之。- 中量卵黃 (mesolecithal egg): 卵黃量中等,稍偏於一端,如蛙卵。- 中位卵黃 (centrolecithal egg): 卵黃集中於中央,昆虫卵屬之。
GnRHGnRH FSH FSH LHLH EstrogenEstrogen ProgesteroneProgesterone
Reproductive Reproductive cyclescycles(Menstrual cycles)(Menstrual cycles)
月經期 增生期 黃體期 缺血期
LH surge LH surge
Ovulation Ovulation (12-(12-24 h after LH surge)24 h after LH surge)
Corpus luteumCorpus luteum formed formed
Secretory phase of endoSecretory phase of endometriummetrium
Estrus cycle: 發情週期-Follicular phase 濾泡期
-Proestrus 發情前期-濾泡開始發育
-Estrus 發情期-子宮內膜充血及水腫,並分泌帶血黏液 ( 狗 )
-Luteal phase 黃體期-Metestrus 發情後期
-排卵後黃體開始發育 -Diestrus 發情間期
-黃體發育成熟 -Aestrus phase 非發情期
-有的動物並無此期。狗的非發情期約半年。
Ovulation of dog: 發情期前後均有,平均為發情前後 2 天
sexual cycle heat( 濾泡期 )pregnancy(day) ──────────────────────── dog 2/year 3w 63(58-66) cat 2-3/year 1w 60-61 pig 21d 3-5d 115 cow 3w 14(2-30)h 285(281-290) sheep 3w 24-36h 149 goat 3w 48h 154 horse 21d(40%) 1-3d 336(310-410) 15-33d(rest) mouse(rat)5d 21 hamster 16 GP (68) rabbit 30 ────────────────────────
各 種 動 物 的 動情週 期 與 懷 孕 期
Phase of fertilization:-Passage of sperm through corona radata-Penetration of zona pellucida-Fusion of plasma membrane of the oocyte and sperm-Completion of 2nd meiotic division and formation of female pronucleus-Formation of male pronucleus-Pronuclei fusion
Fertilization
Phase of fertilization:1. Passage of sperm through corona ra
data2. Acrosomal reaction 頭帽反應3. Passage of sperm through zona4. Fusion of cell membranes of games5. Entry of sperm into the oocyte6. Cortical reaction 皮質反應7. Extrusion of 2nd polar body8. Zonal reaction 透明層反應9. Formation of female pronucleus10. Dissolution of nuclear membrane and
decondensation of chromatin of sperm
11. Reformation of male pronucleus12. Two pronuclei migrate to central posit
ion13. Pronuclei fusion
卵黃旁空腔
Acrosomal reaction Cortical reaction
Block to Polyspermy: 1. Fast Block: electrical change in egg membrane; 2. Slow Block: modification of zona pellucida (cortical reaction)