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FertilityGROUP-1Dr. Kapil , Dr. Shankar, Dr. Winette, Dr. Jalam & Meenakshi
What is fertility ?
Fertility is the actual bearing of children by a
woman during her reproductive period .
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What is the significance of fertility ?
Fertility is one of the 3 demographic
processes, others being Mortality and
Migration. Increased fertility means increasing effect
on population.
And increased population means resource
crunch (except manpower) and again
myriads of problems.
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What are the factors affecting fertility ?
Direct Factors
Universality of marriage
Age at marriage Use of contraceptive
Breast feeding
Abortions
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Factors affecting fertility
Indirect factors
Education
Economic condition
Nutrition
Caste and religion
Custom and belief
Place of women in society
Value of children in society
Health condition and housing opportunity etc.
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How to measure fertility ?
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Age specific fertility rate (ASFR)
General fertility rate (GFR) Age specific marital fertility
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Countries by fertility rate(2005-2010)
7-8 Children
6-7 Children
5-6 Children
4-5 Children
3-4 Children
2-3 Children
1-2 Children
0-1 Children
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg
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Global Trend of fertility
Source: UNICEF 2009
WHO ( World Health Report 2006)
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Total Fertility Rate BY State
source:ttp://www.nfhsindia.org
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Delhi vs India
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TFR selected by
Background Characteristics.
Residence
Urban
2.06
Rural
2.98
2005-06 NFHS 3
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TFR selected by
Background Characteristics.
No Education : 3.55
< 5 Yrs Complete : 2.45
5 to 7 Yrs : 2.51
8 to 9 Yrs : 2.23
10 to 11 Yrs : 2.08
12 Yrs or More Complete : 1.80
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
2005-06 NFHS 3
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Hindu : 2.65
Muslim : 3.09
Christian : 2.35
Sikh : 1.96
Jain : 2.02
Others : 2.65
TFR selected by
Background Characteristics.RELIGION
2005-06 NFHS 3
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TFR selected by
Background Characteristics.
SC 2.92ST 3.92
OBC 2.75
Others 2.35
CASTE
2005-06 NFHS 3
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TFR selected by
Background Characteristics.
Lowest 3.89
Second 3.17
Middle 2.58
Fourth 2.24
Highest 1.78
WEALTH INDEX
2005-06 NFHS 3
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DELHI vs. INDIA
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The population of Delhi increased by 285,000
as a result of migration and by an additional
215,000 as a result of natural population
growth. This made Delhi one of the fastest
growing cities in the world
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Percentage of migration taken place
from various States in Delhi
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Fertility trend for Delhi in NFHS
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Slum Population Composition in Delhi
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Slum & Non Slum Divide
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Desire to limit child bearing
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Birth order
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Contraception methods preference
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Findings
Migration is major factor
Slum population is target population
Literacy and socio economical security ismajor issue
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Recommendation
Registration system should be strengthened
Measured targeted to literacy and socio-
economical security Awareness regarding family planning
measures