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FHWAFHWA’’ss Focus onFocus onEnvironmental Environmental StewardshipStewardship

2008 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting Session 462

January 15, 2008

Peter J. Stephanos, P.E.Director, Office of Pavement Technology

Federal Highway Administration

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Presentation Outline

� Why Recycle?� Production Demand� FHWA Policy� FHWA Focus� Current Initiatives� Next Steps

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Need to Recycle

� Need to reconstruct much of the infrastructure built in the 50’s and 60’s

� Virgin materials are being depleted� The cost of virgin materials are

increasing� Need to maximize the material resource� Advanced in technology to better

control process

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Construction Costs Rising

The Associated General Contractors of America Construction Inflation Alert, October 2007. http://www.agc.org/galleries/economics/CIA08.pdf

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Demand for Materials� 160,000 mile National

Highway System� 4 million miles of public

roads� Produce over 500 million

tons of HMA annually & 85+ million SY of concrete for paving annually

� $70 billion capital outlay to maintain pavements� Demand for aggregates considerable requiring an

estimated 700+ million tons to meet annual demand (15%-25% of annual production)

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Material Production Quantities - US

600

838

84.1

2690

100 100

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Asphalt Concrete Steel Aggregate RecoveredHMA

RecoveredPCC

Ann

ual P

rodu

ctio

n (

tons

, m

illio

ns)

2006

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Demand for Quality Materials

� Long life material design� Crushed, angular aggregates� Manufactured sands

� High friction demand� Improved texture – decreased wear

� High quality mixes � Selective aggregate sizes

� Management/Treatment of runoff� Leachate control

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Guidance Documents� National Asphalt Pavement

Association (NAPA) Publications

� Asphalt Institute’s MS-2: Mix Design Methods for Asphalt� Section on using RAP

� Recommended Use of RAP in the Superpave Mix Design Method: Technician’s Manual� NCHRP Report 452

� NCHRP Web Document 30

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SurfaceAllowed by specs 18 %Average Used 12 %Potential 26 %

Allowances and Use of RAP in Flexible Pavement Layers

BaseAllowed by specs 27 %Average Used 21 %Potential 36 %

Opportunity to Increase the Use of RAP17% Increase to meet specifications44% Possible Increase in RAP Use

BinderAllowed by specs 23 %Average Used 18 %Potential 33 %

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FHWA Policy - 2002� Recycled/Re-Use materials are viable

resources� Recycled materials should get 1st

consideration� Consider use of recycled materials early in

the planning/design process� Economic benefits should be considered in

the material selection process� Restricting the use of materials should be

technically based� Material should not adversely impact the

environment and should perform as intended

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How Do We Get There?� Use of industrial by-products

� Coal combustion products� Slag� Foundry sand

� Use of materials that are traditionally wasted� Glass� Shingles� Crumb rubber

� Maximize existing pavement materials� Asphalt� Concrete� Aggregate� Steel

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Why?� What are the material properties?� How should the material be extracted,

processed and stored?� How is the manufacturing process controlled

to maximize consistency?� How will the material perform?� How can we quantity the benefits?� What incentives are appropriate?� How do existing specs generate waste?� How can we remove the prohibition of

materials?

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What is FHWA Doing?

� Pavement and Materials Program� Pavement Design and Analysis

� Materials and Construction Technology� Pavement Management & Preservation

� Surface Characteristics� Construction & Materials Quality Assurance

� Environmental Stewardship

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Environmental Stewardship� Recycled Materials

The use of recycled materials… is maximized to the extent economical and practical with equal or improved performance.

� Re-UseThe use of consumer, industrial, agricultural, or energy bi-products in pavements/materials is optimized to the extent economical and practical with equal or improved performance.

� Environmental InnovationsThe highway industry utilizes innovative technologies which are environmentally-sound and applies sustainable approaches to pavement design and material selections and construction/preservation.

� Workforce CapabilityThe highway industry workforce is well-trained, well-connected, qualified and experienced to conduct environmentally-sound paving and material practices.

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Performance Measures� Recycled Material Potential

� Self assessment of specs, policies, etc.

� Recycled Material Use� Production quantities

� Implementation of New Technology� New technology penetration nationally

� Qualification of Workforce� Self assessment of staff proficiency

� Outreach Impact� Assessment of awareness nationally

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� Participating in Green Highway Partnership

� Developing Guidance� Technical Advisories� Technical Reports

� New RAP Expert Task Group� Recycling Materials Resource Center� Warm Mix Asphalt Technology� Financial and Human Resources

Initiatives

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RAP Research

Funded, Coordinated Research to Support Standards

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Asphalt Research Consortium

� FHWA Cooperative Agreement

� Engineered Materials� Budget: $3.68 Million for 5 years� Focus area: Conserving Energy & Natural

Resources

� Objective: Develop guidelines for high level use of recycled pavement mixtures.

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Asphalt Research ConsortiumWork element: Design system for HMA

containing a high percentage of RAP material.

� Evaluate properties of RAP Materials

� Compatibility of RAP & Virgin Binders

� Mix Design

� Impact of RAP on Performance

� Field Trials

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NCHRP Project 9-46Mix Design and Evaluation Procedure for High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content in Hot Mix Asphalt

� Objective: Develop mix design method and specification for HMA containing up to 50% RAP.

� Mix design method� Materials evaluation� Key properties for cracking and rutting� Material and environmental standards compatibility

� Specification� Quality control and processing

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Partnership for Success

� Federal Highway Administration� U.S. EPA� State Transportation Agencies� Industry Partners� Other Federal Agencies� Local Government Agencies� Universities

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Additional Information

� www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/recycling� www.rmrc.unh.edu� www.greenhighways.org� http://www.tfhrc.gov/hnr20/recycle/wast

e/index.htm

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http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/