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ObjectivesIn this module, you will learn to:
Explaining Optic Fiber
History of Fiber
WHY Fiber Network?
Application of Fiber
Execution Stages in Fiber Netowrk
OPTIC FIBER
Explaining Optic Fiber
OPTIC FIBERExplaining Optic
FiberA technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data(message). A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communications lines: Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means that they can carry more data. Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference.
OPTIC FIBERExplaining Optic
FiberFiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data) rather than analogically. The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are expensive to install. In addition, they are more fragile than wire and are difficult to splice. Fiber optics is a particularly popular technology for local-area networks. In addition, telephone companies are steadily replacing traditional telephone lines with fiber optic cables. In the future, almost all communications will employ fiber optics.
OPTIC FIBER
History
OPTIC FIBERHistory
Fiber optics, though used extensively in the modern world, is a fairly simple, and relatively old, technology. Guiding of light by refraction, the principle that makes fiber optics possible, was first demonstrated in Paris in the early 1840s. John Tyndall included a demonstration of it in his public lectures in London, 12 years later.The principle was first used for internal medical examinations by Heinrich Lamm in the following decade.
OPTIC FIBERHistory
Modern optical fibers, where the glass fiber is coated with a transparent cladding to offer a more suitable refractive index, appeared later in the decade. Development then focused on fiber bundles for image transmission. Robust modern optical fiber uses glass for both core and sheath, and is therefore less prone to aging. It was invented by Gerhard Bernsee of Schott Glass in Germany in 1973.The emerging field of photonic crystals led to the development in 1991 of photonic-crystal fiber,[21] which guides light by diffraction from a periodic structure, rather than by total internal reflection. The first photonic crystal fibers became commercially available in 2000.Photonic crystal fibers can carry higher power than conventional fibers and their wavelength-dependent properties can be manipulated to improve performance
OPTIC FIBER
WHY FIBER?
OPTIC FIBEREssence & Application of Fiber
NetworkHow can fiber optics be
used?The possibilities for fiber optics are nearly endless because they are very flexible and durable, even under extreme conditions, and the signal cannot be easily distorted.
They also don’t require much power and are efficient. Today, they are used mostly in telecommunications, such as in cable TV and internet.
OPTIC FIBEREssence & Application of Fiber
NetworkHow do they compare to the old-fashioned metal wires?
Fiber optics are thinner and more flexible; therefore they are lighter and take up less space.They can carry more information. They use less power and are more efficient because they don’t degrade as much over time.They are better suited to carrying digital signals (i.e. computer information).There is no electricity passing through them, so you won’t burn your house down.
If you were to make a phone call to Europe, traditionally the signal would go up to a satellite and then back down to Europe. That process can create distortion and echoes. With fiber optics, if the call is transmitted through a transatlantic fiber optic cable, there is a direct connection, so your call will be more clear!
OPTIC FIBEREssence & Application of Fiber
NetworkParts of the Fibre Optic System
A fibre optic system has four main components:
Transmitter : Converts a signal, for example sound, into a pattern of light.
Optical Fiber : The cable that conducts the light patterns over large distances.
Optical Regenerator : In transmittance, some light energy may be lost. This device boosts the light signal back up to continue its journey. This is used for signals sent over very large distances.
Optical Receiver: Converts the light patterns back to an understandable message, (i.e., sound).
OPTIC FIBER
Execution Stages ?
OPTIC FIBERExecution
Planning & Design of Cable Network Cable Route Survey, Planning & Design of Cable Networks
..\Project\ZTE\Fibre Optic\Kebbi\DESIGN DRAWING_ GLO OFC_KEBBI STATE\GLO OFC Kebbi 808-806 Design DRW.pdf
Civil work Survey & TSD (Technical Site Drawing)
Auto Cad Drawings on Civil & Cable Route Design
Quantity Survey(QS)/Detailed Estimation
Material Procurement Plan
Right of Way (ROW) & other Regulatory permit Acquisition..\Project\ZTE\Fibre Optic\Kebbi\ROW\Kebbi ROW Approval0001.pdf
Statutory/Government Liaison
OPTIC FIBERExecution
Civil Engineering & ConstructionExcavation & Backfilling (Soft, Hard & Rocky Soil)
General Pipe Laying (PVC, Galvanize , HDPE, Flexible & Bend Pipe)
Construction of Man Holes, Hand Holes & Joint Boxes
Concrete Breaking and Re-Instatement
Asphalt Breaking & Re-Instatement
Road Crossing & Bridge Crossing
Thrust Boring
OPTIC FIBERExecution
Implementation & Commissioning ServicesDetail Survey & Design of Fiber Cable Route
Cable Blowing, OFC Laying, Stringing & OFC Pulling (Manual)
OFC Drum Testing
Cabinet ,Patch Panels & ODF/MDF Termination
Shelter Entry & Installation
Optical Fiber Cable Installation
OFC Splicing, Termination , Link Testing & Commissioning
As-Built Designs & Documentation
OPTIC FIBERExecution
BACKFILLED TRENCH AND ROUTE MARKER EXCAVATION OF ASPHALT WITH ASPHALT CUTTING MACHINE AND JACK HAMMER
OPTIC FIBERExecution
BACKFILLING IN PROGRESS
OPTIC FIBERExecution
CASTED HAND HOLES HH Planting
OPTIC FIBERExecution
Blowing of Optical Fiber