UNDERSTANDING OF OPTICAL FIBER
Communication over hair-thin strands of glass
Presented ByRakesh Khunt
WHAT IS FIBER OPTICS ?
Transmitting communications signals over hair thin strands of glass or plastic
Not a "new" technology Concept a century old Used commercially for
last 25 years
TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER
Monomode step-index fiber Multimode step-index fiber Multimode grade-index fiber
FIBER HAS MORE CAPACITY
This single fiber can carry more communications than the giant copper cable!
FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS
Applications include Telephones InternetLANs - local area networksCATV - for video, voice and Internet
connectionsUtilities - management of power gridSecurity - closed-circuit TV and intrusion
sensorsMilitary - everywhere!
WHY USE FIBER OPTICS?
Economics Speed Distance Weight/size Freedom from interference Electrical isolation Security
FIBER OPTIC APPLICATIONS
Fiber is already used in:> 90% of all long distance telephony> 50% of all local telephonyMost CATV networksMost LAN (computer network) backbonesMany video surveillance links
FIBER MATERIALS
Glass Fibers; It is made by oxide glasses ( Ex; sio2)
Active Glass Fibers; Two Commonly material Used For Lasers Are Erbium&Neodymium
Plastic Optical Fibers; The Core Of These Fibers is either Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)
FIBER FABRICATION
Outside Vapor-phase Oxidation Vapor-phase Axial Deposition Modified chemical vapor deposition Plasma-Activated chemical vapor deposition Photonic crystal fiber fabrication
FIBER TECHNOLOGY
Optical fiber is comprised of a light carrying
core surrounded by cladding. Which traps the light in the core by
the principle of total internal reflection. Most optical fibers are made of glass
although some are made of plastic. The core and cladding are usually fused
silica glass which is covered by a plastic
coating called the buffer or primary buffer coating which protects the glass fiber from physical
damage and moisture.
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS
Long distance transmission Large information capacity Small size and Low weight Increased signal security Enhanced safety
LIGHT USED IN FIBER OPTICS
Fiber optic systems transmit using infrared light, invisible to the human eye, because it goes further in the optical fiber at those wavelengths.
THREE TYPES OF MECHANICAL MISALIGNMENTS THAT CAN OCCUR BETWEEN TWO JOINED FIBERS
Lateral (Axial) Longitudinal(End separation) Angular
FIBER OPTIC CABLE
Protects the fibers wherever they are installed
May have 1 to over 1000 fibers
FIBER OPTIC CONNECTORS
Terminates the fibers Connects to other fibers or transmission
equipment
JOBS IN FIBER OPTICS
Designing components Manufacturing fiber, lasers, etc. Designing systems Installing networks Training and teaching
FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION - OUTSIDE PLANT
•Workers who install Telephone and CATV fiber optic networks do much of their work outdoors, .
•They operate big machines
•Then they bring the ends of the cables into special trucks or trailers
•Outside plant installations require more investment in the tools and test equipment.
FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION -PREMISES
•Computer and security networks use lots of fiber which is installed inside buildings.
•left is in a crowded telecommunications closet of a bank
•while the right photo was taken in a computer room in the basement of a hundred year old college hall.
FIBER SPLICING(JOINT OF FIBER)
Fusion splice V-groove mechanical splice Elastic- tube splice
THANK YOU