FIBRE TO FABRIC

Class 7th

WOOL YIELDING ANIMALS

1.Yak2.Angora goat3.Kashmiri goat4.Camel 5.Alpaca6.llama

YAK•Found in Ladakh, Tibet, Nepal and Sikkim in India and also in other parts of the world. •The coat of the yak is composed of three different types of fiber that is the coarse , the mid-type and the down fiber.•The properties of yak wool are:- warmth, softness, breathability, odor-resistance.•Its wool is used for preparing ropes, tents, bags, sweaters etc.

ANGORA GOAT •Found in (Angora) Ankara, Turkey, Jammu and Kashmir , India• Angora goats produce the most lustrous fibre known as Mohair. •For long time these are bred for their white coat but now breeding of colored angoras is promoted.• Mohair is used in making carpets, scarves, winter hats, suits, etc.

KASHMIRI GOAT •Also known as cashmere goats. Found in Kashmir, china. • It is fine in texture, strong, light, soft.•Produce double fleece that consists of a fine, soft undercoat and coarser outer coating of hair called guard hair.• The long, coarse guard hair is used for brushes, and other non-apparel uses.• Pure cashmere can be dyed and spun into yarns and knitted into sweaters, hats, gloves, coats, jackets, etc.•The fibre is also known as pashmina for its use in the handmade shawls of Kashmir known as pashmina shawls.

CAMEL •Significant supplier countries of camel hair are China, Australia, Russia.•The outer protective fur (guard hair) is coarse and inflexible and its undercoat is very soft, gathered when camel’s molt.•Used to make tents, carpets, cloaks.•Properties:- high thermostatic property provide insulation and also protection from heat.

ALPACA •Alpaca is found in south America.• It is soft, durable, luxurious and silky natural fibre.• It is warmer, not prickly, water-repellent, elastic.•Alpaca fibre is used for many purposes, including making clothing such as bedding, hats, gloves, sweaters.•It has a guard hair and soft hair.

LLAMA •Found in south America.•The wool is light weight, grease free, luxurious and soft.•It has a fine undercoat and coarser outer guard hair.•It provides protection from heat.•It is used to make handicrafts, garments, wall hangings, ropes.•It comes in different colors ranging from white or grey to reddish-brown, dark-brown and black.

NAME OF THE ANIMAL

PROPERTIES OF WOOL

USES OF WOOL

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Rearing and breeding of sheep• Rearing :-Act of raising young.• Breeding :- The mating and production of

offspring.• Sheep's are reared in many parts of our

country for wool. Sheep are herbivores and prefer grass and leaves. Rearers also feed them on mixtures of pulses, corn jowar, oil cakes and minerals.

• Once the reared sheep have developed a thick growth of hair, hair is cut off for getting wool.

PROCESSING FIBRES INTO WOOL

• Step :-1 • Shearing:-The fleece of

sheep along with a thin layer of skin is removed from its body. This process is called shearing.

• Premises and the shearing shed

Step:-2Scouring:-The sheared

skin with hair is thoroughly washed in tanks to remove grease, dust and dirt. This is called scouring.

• Thorough acid washing

Step:-3Sorting:-After

scouring ,sorting is done. The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures are separated or sorted.

• Sorting of wool

Step:-4 The small fluffy fibres

called burrs, are picked out from the hair. These are same burrs which sometimes appear on your sweaters. The fibres are scoured again and dried. This is the wool ready to be drawn into fibres.

Step:-5Dyeing:- the

fibres can be dyed in various colors, as the natural fleece of sheep and goat is black or white.

Step:-6The fibres are

straightened, combed and rolled into yarn . The longer fibres are made into wool for sweaters and the shorter fibres are spun and woven into cloth.

• shawl wool

SHEARING SCOURING

SORTING

ROLLING

STEPS IN PROCESSING OF WOOL

DYEING