FIELD EVALUATION OF NEW ROOTSTOCKS FOR ALMOND

X. Miarnau, I. Batlle, L. Torguet, S. Alegre

XVI GREMPA MEETING

Meknes (Morocco),

May 12-14

• In the Mediterranean region, traditionally the most widely used almond rootstock has been the bitter almond.

• At 70s works started to replace the old rootstocks by almond x peach hybrids (GREMPA).

• Until now, the rootstock 'INRA GF-677' has been the most used in both irrigated and rainfed conditions.

• However, over the last few years, a large number of rootstocks almond x peach hybrids and other inter-specific hybrids within the genus Prunus have been released and thus are available for almond crop.

The main objective is to assess the agronomic and productive performance of 10 new rootstocks in new almond cultivars, in an experimental trial planted in Les Borges Blanques (Lleida, Spain) in March 2010

Lleida (north-east of Spain)

• 10 rootstocks grafted with 2 cultivars (‘Marinada’ and ‘Vairo’) • March 2010 • Randomized blocs design with 12 replicates of one tree • Spacing: 5,5 m x 3,5 m • Full irrigation conditions • Traning: traditional vase

Rootstock Origin Obtentor

‘INRA GF-677’ P. dulcis x P. persica INRA (France)

‘GARNEM ’ P. dulcis x P. persica CITA (Spain)

‘CADAMAN ’ P. persica x P. davidiana IFGO (Hungary) and INRA (France)

‘IRTA-2’ Prunus cerasifera x Prunus dulcis IRTA (Spain)

‘ROOTPAC® R’ Prunus cerasifera x Prunus dulcis Agromillora Iberia (Spain)

‘ISTHARA ’ (P. cerasifera. x P. salicina) x (P. cerasifera. x P. persica) INRA (France)

‘IRTA-1’ P. dulcis x P. persica IRTA (Spain)

‘ROOTPAC® 20’ P. besseyi x P. cerasifera Agromillora Iberia (Spain)

‘ROOTPAC® 40’ P. dulcis x P. persica Agromillora Iberia (Spain)

Puebla de Soto Clone selection of P. insititia CSIC-Aula Dei (Spain)

2013-2014: 2-3 days of difference

10 15 20 25 30 35

'INRA GF-677'

'Puebla de Soto'

'Rootpac 20'

IRTA 1'

'Ishtara'

'Rootpac R'

'Rootpac 40'

'Cadaman'

'IRTA 2'

'Garnem'

Marzo-abrilMarch

8/29 8/30 8/31 9/1 9/2 9/3 9/4 9/5 9/6 9/7 9/8 9/9 9/10 9/11 9/12

Ishtara

Puebla de Soto

Rootpac 20

Rootpac 40

Rootpac R

IRTA 1

IRTA 2

Garnem

Cadaman

INRA GF-677

'Marinada'

2014 12-13 days of difference

0

50

100

150

200

250

IRTA

2

INR

A G

F-6

77

Ro

otp

ac R

Ro

otp

ac 4

0

Ish

tara

Pu

eb

la d

e S

oto

IRTA

1

Ro

otp

ac 2

0

Gar

ne

m

Cad

aman

IRTA

2

INR

A G

F-6

77

Ro

otp

ac R

Ro

otp

ac 4

0

Pu

eb

la d

e S

oto

IRTA

1

Ish

tara

Ro

otp

ac 2

0

'Vairo' 'Marinada'

Sect

ion

(cm

2)

2014

2013

2012

2011

Accumulate section (2011-2014)

3rt year results

0

10

20

30

40

50

'IRTA 1' 'Ishtara' 'Garnem' 'GF-677' 'Rootpac 40''Cadaman' 'IRTA 2' 'Rootpac 20''Rootpac R''P. de Soto'

Nº

de

re

bro

tes

/ ár

bo

lN

º of s

ucke

rs /

tree

GF-677 ROOTPAC 40 IRTA -1

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

IRTA

1

INR

A G

F-67

7

Cad

aman

IRTA

2

Ish

tara

Ro

otp

ac R

Gar

ne

m

Ro

otp

ac 4

0

Ro

otp

ac 2

0

Pu

eb

la d

e

Soto

Ch

loro

ph

yll e

valu

atio

n (S

PA

D V

alu

es)

3rd year results

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

B

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

Ca

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

Mg

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

Fe

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

Mn

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

Zn

‘GF-677’

‘Ishtara’

‘Rootpac 20’

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

'Gar

ne

m'

'Cad

aman

'

INR

A G

F-67

7'

'Ro

otp

ac R

'

'Na

no

Pa

c'

'IRTA

2'

'IRTA

1'

'Pu

eb

la d

e S

oto

'

'Ish

tara

'

Ro

otp

ac

20

'

'IN

RA

GF-

67

7'

'Ro

otp

ac

R'

'Nan

oP

ac'

'IRTA

2'

'IRTA

1'

'Ro

otp

ac

20

'

'Ish

tara

'

'Pu

eb

la d

e S

oto

'

'Marinada' 'Vairo'

Kg

de

gra

no

/ha

(20

12-

20

13

)2nd and 3rd year results (cumulative yield)

Kg

of k

erne

l/ha

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

'Ro

otp

ac 4

0'

'IRTA

1'

INR

A G

F-6

77

'

'Cad

aman

'

'Ish

tara

'

'Gar

nem

'

'Ro

otp

ac

R'

Ro

otp

ac 2

0'

'IR

TA

2'

'Pu

eb

la d

e S

oto

'

'INR

A G

F-6

77

'

'Ro

otp

ac R

'

'Ro

otp

ac 4

0'

'IRTA

1'

'Ro

otp

ac 2

0'

'Ish

tara

'

'IR

TA

2'

'Pu

eb

la d

e S

oto

'

Marinada' Vairo'

Efi

cie

nci

a (

kg

/cm

2)

2nd and 3rd year results Ef

ficie

ncy

(kg

of k

erne

l/cm

2 )

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35'G

F-67

7'

'Cad

aman

'

'Ro

otp

ac R

'

'Ish

tara

'

'Gar

nem

'

'Ro

otp

ac 4

0'

'IRTA

2'

'Ro

otp

ac 2

0'

'IRTA

1'

'P.

de

So

to'

'IRTA

2'

'IRTA

1'

'GF-

677'

'Ro

otp

ac R

'

'Ro

otp

ac

40

'

'Ro

otp

ac

20

'

'Ish

tara

'

'P.

de

So

to'

Marinada Vairo

Re

nd

imie

nto

(%)

2nd and 3rd year results Sh

ellin

g pe

rcen

tage

(%)

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6'C

adam

an'

'GF-

677'

'Ish

tara

'

'Ro

otp

ac

R'

'Ga

rne

m'

'IR

TA

2'

'IR

TA

1'

'Ro

otp

ac 4

0'

'P.

de

Soto

'

'Ro

otp

ac 2

0'

'INR

A G

F-67

7'

'P.

de

Soto

'

'Ro

otp

ac

R'

Ro

otp

ac

40

'

'IR

TA

1'

'Ish

tara

'

IRT

A 2

'

'Ro

otp

ac

20

'

'Marinada' 'Vairo'

Pe

so d

el g

ran

o (

g)2nd and 3rd year results

Ker

nel w

eigh

t (g)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80'R

oo

tpac

R'

'GF-

677'

'P. d

e S

oto

'

'IR

TA 2

'

'Cad

aman

'

'Ish

tara

'

'Gar

ne

m'

'Ro

otp

ac 4

0'

'Ro

otp

ac 2

0'

IRTA

1

'GF-

677'

'P. d

e S

oto

'

'Ro

otp

ac 4

0'

'IR

TA 2

'

'Ro

otp

ac R

'

'Ish

tara

'

'Ro

otp

ac 2

0'

'IR

TA 1

'

Marinada' 'Vairo'

% a

lme

nd

ras

po

r so

bre

14

2nd and 3rd year results K

erne

l per

cent

age

abov

e 14

(%)

• New alternatives are available (under trial).

• Choice of rootstock according:

Rainfed or irrigation (water allocations) Farm soil (soil type, replanting, diseases)

Production system (traditional or intensive)