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TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol.30, No.1, 2020, pp.76-86 https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2020.30.1.076 ISSN: 1225-1275(Print) ISSN: 2287-1748(Online) ORIGINAL ARTICLE ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜ ๊น€ํ—Œ๋ฌด 1 , ์ตœ์š”์ˆœ 2* 1 ๋ถ€๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•ด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์›๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •, 2 ๋ถ€๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•ด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์›๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ Field Experiment of a LiDAR Sensor-based Small Autonomous Driving Robot in an Underground Mine Heonmoo Kim 1 and Yosoon Choi 2* 1 Master's Course, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University 2 Professor, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Received: January 7, 2020 Revised: January 22, 2020 Accepted: January 28, 2020 In this study, a small autonomous driving robot was developed for underground mines using the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The developed robot measures the distances to the left and right wall surfaces using the LiDAR sensor, and automatically controls its steering to drive along the centerline of mine tunnel. A field experiment was conducted in an underground amethyst mine to test the driving performance of developed robot. During five repeated driving tests, the robot showed stable driving performance overall. There were no collision accidents with the wall of mine tunnel. Keywords: Autonomous driving robot, Underground mine, LIDAR sensor, Field experiment ์ดˆ๋ก ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์šฉ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ผ์ด ๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์•™์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ ํ–ฅ์„ ์ž๋™ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜ ์ž์ˆ˜์ •๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค. 5๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ ๋Œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ์–ด: ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡, ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ, ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ, ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜ 1. ์„œ ๋ก  ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ž€ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์—†์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ, ์ž๋™ํ™” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 6๋‹จ ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(SAE, 2019). ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (Audi, 2019, GENERAL MOTORS, 2019, TESLA, 2019). ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  (Information and Communication Technology, ICT)์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ IT ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋„ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ์šด์˜์ฒด โ’ธ The Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2020. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrib- ution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transcript
Page 1: Field Experiment of a LiDAR Sensor-based Small Autonomous ...

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol.30, No.1, 2020, pp.76-86

https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2020.30.1.076 ISSN: 1225-1275(Print) ISSN: 2287-1748(Online)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜

๊น€ํ—Œ๋ฌด1, ์ตœ์š”์ˆœ2*

1๋ถ€๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•ด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์›๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •, 2๋ถ€๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•ด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์›๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜

Field Experiment of a LiDAR Sensor-based Small Autonomous Driving

Robot in an Underground Mine

Heonmoo Kim1 and Yosoon Choi2*

1Master's Course, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University2Professor, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Received: January 7, 2020

Revised: January 22, 2020

Accepted: January 28, 2020

In this study, a small autonomous driving robot was developed for underground mines using

the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The developed robot measures the distances

to the left and right wall surfaces using the LiDAR sensor, and automatically controls its

steering to drive along the centerline of mine tunnel. A field experiment was conducted in an

underground amethyst mine to test the driving performance of developed robot. During five

repeated driving tests, the robot showed stable driving performance overall. There were no

collision accidents with the wall of mine tunnel.

Keywords: Autonomous driving robot, Underground mine, LIDAR sensor, Field experiment

์ดˆ๋ก

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์šฉ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ผ์ด

๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์•™์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ

ํ–ฅ์„ ์ž๋™ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜ ์ž์ˆ˜์ •๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค. 5๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ

๋Œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

ํ•ต์‹ฌ์–ด: ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡, ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ, ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ, ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ž€ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์—†์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ, ์ž๋™ํ™” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 6๋‹จ

๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(SAE, 2019). ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

(Audi, 2019, GENERAL MOTORS, 2019, TESLA, 2019). ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (Information and Communication Technology,

ICT)์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ IT ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋„ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ์šด์˜์ฒด

โ’ธ The Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2020. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrib-ution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Page 2: Field Experiment of a LiDAR Sensor-based Small Autonomous ...

Field Experiment of a LiDAR Sensor-based Small Autonomous Driving Robot in an Underground Mine โˆ™ 77

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol. 30, No. 1, 2020

์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ›„ 2021๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—”๋น„๋””์•„๋Š” ๋ณผ๋ณด, ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ฃผ

ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Kim, 2017, NVIDIA, 2019).

๊ด‘์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋กœ๋”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฑ„๊ด‘ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Larsson et al.(2005)์€ ๋ผ

์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ํผ์ง€๋กœ์ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋กœ๋” ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Marshall et al.(2008)์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„

Load-Haul-Dump(LHD) ์žฅ๋น„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ™•์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Volvo(2019)๋Š” ์„ํšŒ์„ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์˜ ์šด์†ก ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ

๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Baker et al.(2004)

์€ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํƒ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡ 'Groundhog'๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ๊ด‘๋œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Gรผnther et al.(2019)์€ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์™€ 3์ฐจ์› ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋„, ์œ ๋… ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ธก

์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งตํ•‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Bakambu and Polotski, 2007, Neumann et al., 2014, Ghosh et al., 2016).

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด์™ธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ด‘์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ

๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์šฉ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Kim and Choi(2019)๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค

์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํƒ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์€ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€

๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ตด๊ณก์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ

๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์šฉ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ

ํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜

๊ณ  ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง€์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฌด์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜

์—ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ ์ œ

์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ž์ˆ˜์ • ํ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1 ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 1์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ†ต์‹ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค(Kim and Choi, 2019). ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ํ•˜

์œ„/์ƒ์œ„/์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ(Low Level/High Level/Remote Controller), ์ฃผํ–‰ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ(Driving platform) ๋ฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ

์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

โˆ™ํ•˜์œ„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ(Low Level Controller): ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผํ–‰ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด

โˆ™์ƒ์œ„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ(High Level Controller): ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ ์ œ์–ด

โˆ™์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ(Remote Controller): ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ์œ„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์›๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ œ์–ด

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78 โˆ™ Heonmoo Kim and Yosoon Choi

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol. 30, No. 1, 2020

โˆ™๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜ & ๋น„์ฝ˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ(Bluetooth beacon & Beacon receiver): ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ

๋ด‡์˜ ์ •์ง€ ์ œ์–ด

์ฃผํ–‰ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๋งจ๋“œ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด๋™ํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡ ERP-42(Unmanned Solution, 2019)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ERP-42๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€

์ง„ ์ด๋™๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋œ๋‹ค. Table 1์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„, ์ƒ์œ„, ์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์™€ ์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋Š” Windows ์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ PC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ•˜

์œ„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋Š” AVR ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์ธ ATMega128(MICROCHIP, 2019)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ •์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ

๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Perples์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ RECO ๋น„์ฝ˜(RECO, 2019)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋น„์ฝ˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šคํ˜•

ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์ธ HM-10(COMPONENTS101, 2019) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Overall structure of autonomous driving robot developed in this study (modified from Kim and Choi, 2019)

Table 1. Specifications and programming language of High Level/Low Level/ Remote Controller and Driving platform used in this study

Specification Programming Language

High Level ControllerIntel Celeron(R) CPU 1007U 1.50 GHz, 4 GB RAM, Intel(R) HD

Graphics, Windows10

NI LabVIEW

(NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, 2019)

Low Level Controller AVR Microcontroller ATMega128 Pro Kit (MICROCHIP, 2019) C Language

Remote ControllerIntel Atom(TM) CPU N2600 1.60 GHz, 2 GB RAM, Intel(R) Graphics

Media Accelerator 3600 Series, Windows 7NI LabVIEW

Driving Platform650 mm (length) ร— 470 mm (width) ร— 158 mm (height)

8 kg-

2.2 ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๋น›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2012). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ผ์ด

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Field Experiment of a LiDAR Sensor-based Small Autonomous Driving Robot in an Underground Mine โˆ™ 79

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol. 30, No. 1, 2020

๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” SICK์‚ฌ์˜ LMS-111์ด๋ฉฐ(SICK, 2019), Fig. 2(a)๋Š” LMS-111 ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ํƒ์ง€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. LMS-111์€ ์„ผ์„œ

์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๋น›์ด ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. Table 2๋Š”

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ LMS-111 ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ PC๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด LabVIEW ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

(NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, 2019). Fig. 2(b)๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ

ํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํ™”๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ TCP/IP ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” IP ์ฃผ์†Œ, ํ†ต์‹  ์†๋„, ๊ฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค

์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ขŒ, ์šฐ์ธก๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ 270ยฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€

์‹œํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(a) (b)

Fig. 2. (a) Conceptual view of LiDAR sensor's scanning range and (b) user interface of the LiDAR sensor in LabVIEW software

Table 2. Specifications of LMS-111 LiDAR sensor (SICK, 2019)

Field of View 270ยฐ

Scanning frequency 25/50 Hz

Angular resolution 0.25ยฐ

Operating Range Maximum 20m

Response time โ‰ฅ 20 ms

Interface TCP/IP

Operating voltage 10.8 โˆผ 30 V DC

2.3 ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์กฐํ–ฅ ์ œ์–ด

Fig. 3์€ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํš๋“๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ •์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์„œ๋„๋Š”

๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ํš๋“๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์—์„œ ์†ก์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator) ๊ฐ’์ด โ€“90 ์ดํ•˜์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์ง€

ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ€“45ยฐ ์ง€์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 225ยฐ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ด 270ยฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํš๋“ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ

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45ยฐ, 90ยฐ, 135ยฐ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•ฉ์ด 10 cm๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ •๋ฉด์— ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋„๋กœ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ์ „๋ฐฉ 35ยฐ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ

๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐํ–ฅ์ด ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค.

๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์šฐ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ขŒ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ

๋ผ์„œ ์กฐํ–ฅ์ด ์ œ์–ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Max.Threshold๋Š” ์กฐํ–ฅ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด๊ณ  Min.Threshold๋Š” ์กฐํ–ฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด๋ฉฐ, (+)๋Š” ์šฐ์ธก, (-)๋Š” ์ขŒ์ธก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด โ€“ Max.Threshold ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ขŒ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐํ–ฅ ๊ฐ’

์€ ์ขŒ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” โ€“ Max.Steering ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด โ€“ Max.Threshold ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ , โ€“ Min.Threshold ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘

์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐํ–ฅ ๊ฐ’์€ ์šฐ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ขŒ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„

๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด โ€“ Min.Threshold ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ , Min.Threshold ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜

๋ฉฐ, ์กฐํ–ฅ ๊ฐ’์€ 0์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด Min.Threshold ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ , Max.Threshold ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ขŒ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋œ

์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐํ–ฅ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ขŒ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด Max.Threshold ๋ณด

๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ขŒ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐํ–ฅ ๊ฐ’์€ ์šฐ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”

Max.Steering ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. Fig. 4์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. Procedure for controlling autonomous robot's steering and stop function

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Fig. 4. Block diagram of programming code for controlling autonomous robot's steering using LiDAR sensor

3. ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์•ž์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ

์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’๋“ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 5ํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ

์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ์‹คํ—˜ ์ง€์—ญ

๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์šธ์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์šธ์ฃผ๊ตฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ˆ˜์ •๊ด‘์‚ฐ(35ยฐ32'43''N, 129ยฐ5'37''E)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์ˆ˜์ •๊ด‘์‚ฐ์€ ์ด ๊ธธ์ด 2.5 km,

ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„ 12โˆผ16ยฐC, ๋ฉด์  16,000 m2์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ํ๊ด‘๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐฑ๋„ ํญ 3 m, ์ด ๊ธธ์ด 30 m, ์ธ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด

์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ 4์ง€์ ์˜ ๊ณก์„  ์ง€์ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณก์„  ์ง€์ ์€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ง€์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ

๊ฐ -30ยฐ, 0ยฐ, 45ยฐ, 48ยฐ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๋†’์ด(60 cm)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜

๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง€์ ์„

๋”ฐ๋ผ 50 cm์˜ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๋ณด๋„๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ฐฉ์ง€์ ์— ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด

์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „์†ก๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„ 4 km/h์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ผ์ด

๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ฐฉ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋กœ๋ด‡

์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์›น์บ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ

์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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Fig. 5. Conceptual diagram of the field experiment in underground mine environment

4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 6์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ง€

์ ์—์„œ ์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ›„ 4๊ณณ์˜ ๊ณก์„  ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ 5ํšŒ

์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง€์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๋ณด๋„๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ดํƒˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ฃผํ–‰

์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 74.6 ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์š”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 6. Field experimental scenes of the autonomous driving robot at (a) the starting point, (b-e) the curved point and (f) the end point

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(d) (e) (f)

Fig. 6. Field experimental scenes of the autonomous driving robot at (a) the starting point, (b-e) the curved point and (f) the end point

(Continued)

Fig. 7์€ ์ด 5ํšŒ์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 5ํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ์ธก ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ง€์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 4๊ณณ์˜ ๊ณก์„  ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ์—

๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ฐฉ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Driving paths of the autonomous driving robot during five field experiments in underground mine

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Fig. 8์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋…นํ™”๋œ ์›น์บ  ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์›น์บ  ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ

๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐฑ๋„์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ 270ยฐ ์ง€์—ญ์„ 0.25ยฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•

์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด‘์›์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ํšจ์œจ

์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํš๋“๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ํ›„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฐฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์› ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

Fig. 8. Webcam display and shaft wall measured by LiDAR sensor of the autonomous driving robot (a) the starting point, (b-e) the

curved point and (f) the end point

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5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ผ

์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์ง€์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ๋น„์ฝ˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ •์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฃผ

ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜

๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐฑ๋„ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์น ์–ด์„œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ

์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ

๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’๋“ค์„ ์žฌ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ณก์„  ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ

ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ 2D ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋†’์ด(60cm)์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ํƒ

์ง€ ๋†’์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตด๊ณก์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด ์ธ์‹๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋น„์ „ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ(vision camera)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธ์‹ ์„ผ

์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค ์„ผ์„œ์—์„œ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ„์น˜

๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” SLAM(Simultaneous localization and mapping) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋”์šฑ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€

์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐฑ๋„ ์ค‘ ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ง์„  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ด‘์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒŒ์‡„์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ๊ด‘์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ธธ

์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2019๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ด๊ณตํ•™ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(2018R1D1A1A09083947)์˜ ์ง€์›

์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

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