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Field studies and interaction designnicolas nova | liftlabHead, Geneva | October 2009
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Inspiration
Expiration (creation)
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Inspiration
Investigation of existing usages, habits, environments or product’s potential
In-depth understanding of people’s behavior, belief, preferences and context
Potential issues and problems turned into design opportunities
Potential solutions existing in other contexts or proposed by specific users
(generally not “requirements”, “needs”)
Thursday, October 15, 2009
“Needs” - The Holy Grail?
“designing to meet observed needs reinforces structure and removes its capacity to invent futures”
Matt Webb
“it's the old thing..you have research or consumer insights or whatever? and the assumption should be to find the flex points where things can sort of fit into "consumer's" practices, but not rigidly”
Julian Bleecker
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Starting point or filter for ideas
Formative research
Summative research
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Sociology Ergonomics - human factors
Psychology
+ marketing research...Thursday, October 15, 2009
Design research / User research / Field research / Ethnography / Design ethnography / Contextual research / Usage research / User-centered design / User safari / User modeling / ...
=
Research FOR design
Science or Facts versus informed opinions to orient action?
Thursday, October 15, 2009
ProblemIssueBrief
Literature review/desk research (secondary research)
Formative research
Evaluative research
Field research(primary research)
Solution
(prototyping)
Field/lab research
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Starting points for desk research:
• Conferences: CHI( ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems), DUX (Designing for User eXperiences), EPIC ( Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference), Interact, Interaction, ...
• Journals: ACM interactions
• Weblogs: Putting People First (http://bit.ly/U0Ga), Future Perfect (http://bit.ly/cyBKO), Design investigations (http://bit.ly/55BFH), ...
Thursday, October 15, 2009
➡ Understanding people in their context: what are they doing? how are they doing what they do? what does it mean?
➡ Apply this knowledge to design issues (interaction design and beyond)
➡ Interprete, synthesize, infer: not only collecting informations but, rather analyze them to draw implications
➡ A trained Observer/Researcher matters
Thursday, October 15, 2009
➡ Investigate an activity (find one’s way in an urban environment) before the design of a location-based service
➡ Understand the use of a technique (2D camera such as Eye Toy and webcams) to draw implications for the following technique (3D camera)
➡ Explore specific behavior (cooperative play with Nintendo DS) or motivations (collecting weird objects)
➡ Describe the appropriation or acceptation of a device (e-books in public transports)
➡ Explore how a certain service is hybridized with existing practices (how rendezvousing evolved with cell-phones)
Thursday, October 15, 2009
➡ Investigate an activity (find one’s way in an urban environment) before the design of a location-based service
➡ Understand the use of a technique (2D camera such as Eye Toy and webcams) to draw implications for the following technique (3D camera)
➡ Explore specific behavior (cooperative play with Nintendo DS) or motivations (collecting weird objects)
➡ Describe the appropriation or acceptation of a device (e-books in public transports)
➡ Explore how a certain service is hybridized with existing practices (how rendezvousing evolved with cell-phones)
Descriptions
Thursday, October 15, 2009
➡ Investigate an activity (find one’s way in an urban environment) before the design of a location-based service
➡ Understand the use of a technique (2D camera such as Eye Toy and webcams) to draw implications for the following technique (3D camera)
➡ Explore specific behavior (cooperative play with Nintendo DS) or motivations (collecting weird objects)
➡ Describe the appropriation or acceptation of a device (e-books in public transports)
➡ Explore how a certain service is hybridized with existing practices (how rendezvousing evolved with cell-phones)
after designing a solution
before designing a solution
Thursday, October 15, 2009
methodology...(inspired by) ethnography
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Investigate people in their context
Thursday, October 15, 2009
samplingThursday, October 15, 2009
Quantitative Qualitative
Verbal
Visual
Survey
Questionnaires
Photography
Video
Artifacts
Observation
Participant observation
Interviews (individual/groups)
Confrontation to material (video/photo)
Thursday, October 15, 2009
design issue
user research / data gathering
data analysis
implications for design
communication
Thursday, October 15, 2009
design issue
user research / data gathering
data analysis
implications for design
communication
observation / participant observation(photo, video, notes)
interview (open, in-depth...), contexual interview, lead-users/expert interview
diary, beeper, ...
survey / census / photo survey
shadowing
...
➡ combinations as well
Thursday, October 15, 2009
design issue
user research / data gathering
data analysis
implications for design
“Thick/rich” descriptions: context, process/sequence of actions, ...
Problems or recurring events (to be categorized): repetitions, cycles, clusters, absence, growth...
Lists of ressources employed for the activity (tools, people, ...)
...
Thursday, October 15, 2009
research FOR design
Thursday, October 15, 2009
What comes out of these research?
➡ Question designers’ opinions with field data
➡ Show people’s life, reality-check, understand the complexity/subtelty and peculiar aspects of situations
➡ Critique of normative visions about the future (3D Web, intelligent fridge,...)
➡ Propose products/services concepts loosely related with motivations, needs problems or tasks
➡ Understand adoption barriers to a product, feature...
➡ Evaluate and prioritize concepts, ideas and solutions
➡ Learn from a culture, community of users (extreme, lead) or new markets
➡ Understand people’s creativity to craft their own solutions
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Ask questions
➡ Does what you observe in ... can be applied to ... (=urban signage? new media consumption)?
➡ Is there a digital equivalent to X or Y? Does it matter?
➡ Draw lessons about why people do X or Y? Which of these motivations could be transferred to other contexts?
➡ If you see people using device A or B? What sort of services/features can you envision about A or B?
➡- ...
Thursday, October 15, 2009
design issue
user research / data gathering
data analysis
implications for designintermediary objects
Persona/user profiles
Scenarios/vignette
Experiences models
Problem lists
...
Prototypes
Thursday, October 15, 2009
inform inspire
contraints, sometimes quantitative (% of internet access, etc.)
material for design
Thursday, October 15, 2009
users? people? consumers?
➡ what vocabulary? what vocabulary to work altogether? (designers, UX, engineer, marketing, etc.)
Thursday, October 15, 2009
“we tried but it did not work”
“we ask our users... what they wanted and it did not work”
➡ Confusion between observing behaviors (interprete) and ask people what they want/need (“Faster Horses” Henry Ford)
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Fit into people’s life OR change people’s life?
➡ Tension between satisfying people’s needs/expectations (reinforcing the existing) versus inventing new futures
Thursday, October 15, 2009
References
➡ IDEO (2009). Human-Centered Design Toolkit, http://bit.ly/EUHLL
➡ IDII, Ivrea (2003-2004). User Research at IDII, http://bit.ly/4e7rY6
➡ Kuniavsky, M. (2003). Observing the User Experience: A Practitioner's Guide to User Research, Morgan-Kauffman.
➡ Saffer, D. (2007). Designing for Interaction : Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices, New Rider Press.
➡ Visocky O’Graddy, J+K (2006). A Designers’s Research Manual. Design Field Guides, Rockport.
➡ Wasson, C. (2000). Ethnography in the field of design, Human Organization 59(4): 377-388, http://bit.ly/TYfg8
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Menu for next courses
➡ Course’s blog: http://usages.wordpress.com/
➡ Each course will address a certain set of techniques
➡ Next course will be about theoretical considerations (sampling, theoretical frameworks) and observations
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Assignement
➡ Each student will have to read a research paper and present it to the class:
• 10 minutes, no slides
• Outline: summary + why is it relevant for design + personal opinion
• For next course: “Reading Ahead” by Portigal Consulting (Slides: http://bit.ly/geX6l Blogposts: http://bit.ly/19jAd4 )
➡ Project:
• Choose a research question (related or not to your personal project or a studio project)
• Go observe users/usages related to this question (passive observation and photography)
• Prepare a 5 minutes presentations (with slides) of the main findings, we will discuss the results in class at the next course
• For each course there will be a similar assignement with regards to the projects. Project completition will consist in the addition of all the assignements
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Let’s discuss your question
Thursday, October 15, 2009
thanks
Thursday, October 15, 2009