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Field Testing and Modelling of the Italian Smart Runway
Instrumentations
Silvia PortasImad L. Al-Qadi
Mauro ConiHao Wang
Jongeun Baek
UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARIDipartimento Ingegneria del TerritorioSOGAER
Italian civil aviation authorityItalian civil aviation authority
Ente Nazionale per l’aviazione civileEnte Nazionale per l’aviazione civile
Outline
Introduction Objective and Scope Site Description and Instruments Responses from Instrumentation Preliminary Results from Modeling Summary
Introduction A reconstructed runway was instrumented to
measure: Stresses Strains Temperature profile Moisture content
Monitoring parameters affecting pavement behavior Airplane traffic intensity Loading maneuver Airplane speed Environmental conditions
Objective and Scope Analyze runway pavement response under
various loading conditions: Pressure profile
Strain response
Predict runway pavement performance: Pavement response measurements
Pavement structure modeling
Better runway pavement response understanding
Instrumented Site Cagliari’s Airport main runway Location
close to runway Head between Aiming Point and TDZ
Pavement Cross Section
Selected Instruments Strain and deformation measurements:
H-type strain gauges for HMA
Specially-modified LVDTs for unbound materials
Pressure measurements
Hydraulic pressure cells Environmental condition measurements:
T-type thermocouples; TDRs
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HMA Strain Measurements
45 H-type strain gauges to measure strains at the bottom of HMA layers 9 Longitudinal 9 Transversal
15
Deformation Measurements
36 LVDTs to measure deformation in granular layers Macro Sensors LVDTs GHSER 750-1000 Macro Sensors LVDTs GHSE 750-1000
Vertical Pressure Measurements
Hydraulic pressure cells to measure vertical stresses under pavement layers 9 on each layer
Temperature and Moisture Measurements
In-house built T-type thermocouples to measure temperature profile
Time Domain Reflectometry to measure moisture content of granular layers Campbell Scientific 2-probe CS 616-L Calibration using in-situ materials
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Instrument Response
Instrument responses to two loading types were measured: Impulse loading: Falling Weight Deflectometer Moving load: truck at four various speeds
Pressure Cell Response
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Data Collection Method
Real traffic data
Triggering system
Collection frequency
Collection duration
Traffic Monitoring
Airport traffic data
Video camera
Current Traffic & Expected Measurements
Typical Airplanes Boeing 737-800
MD-82
Airbus 320
Heaviest Airplane
Antonov- Multileg Landing Gear
Response measured
Stress and strain response to main gear
Typical Loading Conditions
Take-off and Landing Speed over sensors: 30–190 km/h Average aircraft weight: 63-74 tons
Typical Responses
Boeing 737-800 - Landing 100 km/h
Typical Responses
MD-82 - 31 km/h
3-D Finite Element Modeling
3-D FE model is used to capture
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Infinite element
Loading area
Non-uniform contact pressure
Moving tire load
Implicit dynamic analysis
Viscoelastic HMA layer
Infinite boundaries
Calculated vs Measured Pressure for Truck Loading at
10 km/h
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re a
t 0.0
5-m
De
pth
(kP
a)
Measurement
Calculation
0
200
400
600
800
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re a
t 0.1
5-m
de
pth
(kP
a)
Measurement
CalculationUniform Tire Pressure
Non-Uniform Tire Pressure
Calculated vs Measured Pressure for B737 Loading at
190km/h
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08Time (s)
Pre
ssur
e at
0.0
5-m
Dep
th (k
Pa) Measurement
Calculation
0
500
1000
1500
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re a
t 0.1
5-m
De
pth
(kP
a)
Measurement
CalculationUniform Tire Pressure
Non-Uniform Tire Pressure
Summary
Cagliari airport runway pavement was instrumented with 149 sensors
New instrument installation techniques were successfully implemented and data was collected from:• LVDT’s• HMA strain gauges• Pressure cells • Thermocouples
Pavement response data was compared to FEM analysis results
Summary
Calculated pressure is lower than measured values near-surface. The difference becomes smaller with depth Non-uniform contact pressure needs to be
considered in further analysis
Future Research
Continue analyzing data under various loading conditions
Calculate pavement responses under realistic tire-pavement contact stresses and compare results to field measurements
Thank YouQuestions?