Fighting through community participation based on vegetative conservation approach of wonogiri...

Journal of Environment and Earth Science

ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online)Vol 2, No.7, 2012

Fighting Through Community Participation Based

Conservation Approach

Sub

Maridi*,Sutarno**,Shalihuddin Djalal Tandjung***,Ari Handono Ramelan**

*Biology Education Department, University of Sebelas Maret Indonesia; **Faculty of Mathematics and Natural

Science, University of Sebelas Maret Indonesia; ***Environmental Science Program, University of Gadjah Mada

Indonesia

* E-mail for the corresponding author:

Abstract

Humans are the main trigger factors causes of sedimentation. It’s happened because of the farming and cultivation

system that is not based on the principles of sustainable development. These human activities causes in damage to

the environment in the region surrounding reservoir (hinterland), further more causing sedimentation that

deposited in the water body. The consequence of this circumstance, the capacity of reservoir is decreasing. In order

to reduce the level of sedimentation, a proper conservation h

matter was conducted in Sub Watershed (Sub

the rain catchment area of Wonogiri reservoir which is contributed the largest amount sedimenta

reservoir. This study focused on vegetative conservation approaches and community involvement related to the

five capitals in relation to watershed conservation, namely: social capital (public power), human capital

(community resources), financial capital (the physical condition of the land) and natural capital

vegetative capital and government incentives.

The General purpose of this study was to find a relationship between the five capitals and government incentives as

a motivating factor that may affected to the public (farmers who live in the catchment areas) in a participatory

conservation for controlling sedimentation rate in the areas surrounding reservoir.

study were as follows: (a) to find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the education

community, (b) to find a major role in the conservation of human resources, (c) to find the role of power / financial

capital for conservation, (d) to find the magnitude o

(e) to find major role for the conservation of natural resources, (f) to find the magnitude of the role of government

and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation.

The method used was survey method with a sample of 300 respondents was taken by using a purposive sampling in

five villages, they are Gemawang Village (Ngadirojo SubDistrict); Sambirejo Village (Jatisrono SubDistrict);

Pingkuk Village (Jatiroto SubDistrict); Sukoboyo Village (Slo

(Sidoharjo SubDistrict). Data collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire and Focus Group

Discussion. Data analysis was done by using the validity test: reliability Test, Multicollinearity Test:

Autocorrelation Test: heteroscedasticity Test; hypothesis testing performed by T test and F test, and coefficient of

determination analysis, in order to determine the amount of capital contribution of the influence of these five

variables and the government's decision to implement watershed conservation. The results showed that the five

capitals and government incentives are jointly significant effect on farmers' conservation decisions in the

prevention of sedimentation in the sub

having support to the economic value of conservation especially for supporting livestock and cattles.

Keywords: community participation, equity (capital) and government incentives, watershed conservation,

reduction of sedimentation, Keduang Sub

1. Introduction

Water is one of the main components that are needed for living of the organisms, human being and all activities

related concerned. Because of its function is so important, then the presence of water need has to be managed as

well. According to Aldaya et al (2009) there are two kinds of water that directly used by or related to living

organisms and all parties concerned, namely: virtual water and wa

volume of water use in the production of a community, good and or services, it means that the amount of water

used for production and a great community services, whereas the water foot print is divided int

namely: blue water foot print, which can be defined as the water that comes from the global evaporation of

ground water and surface water; green water foot print is water which come from rain water stored in soil, and grey

water foot print the rest of water that has been contaminated human activities.

The orientation of the discussion in this study is how to manage properly the green water or rain water

stored in the soil. For this purpose, the catchment area need to be conditioned and mana

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48

hrough Community Participation Based o

Conservation Approach of Wonogiri Reservoir Sedimentation

Sub - Watershed of Keduang



University of Sebelas Maret Indonesia; ***Environmental Science Program, University of Gadjah Mada

mail for the corresponding author: [email protected]



n surrounding reservoir (hinterland), further more causing sedimentation that

The consequence of this circumstance, the capacity of reservoir is decreasing. In order

to reduce the level of sedimentation, a proper conservation has to be done. The research concerning the related

matter was conducted in Sub Watershed (Sub-catchment) Keduang which is constitute one of six sub

the rain catchment area of Wonogiri reservoir which is contributed the largest amount sedimenta

This study focused on vegetative conservation approaches and community involvement related to the


nancial capital (the physical condition of the land) and natural capital

vegetative capital and government incentives.


otivating factor that may affected to the public (farmers who live in the catchment areas) in a participatory

conservation for controlling sedimentation rate in the areas surrounding reservoir. The specific objectives of this

find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the education


find the magnitude of the role of the physical conditions in conservation activities;


and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation.

ey method with a sample of 300 respondents was taken by using a purposive sampling in


Pingkuk Village (Jatiroto SubDistrict); Sukoboyo Village (Slogohimo SubDistrict), and Sembukan Village

Data collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire and Focus Group

Data analysis was done by using the validity test: reliability Test, Multicollinearity Test:

rrelation Test: heteroscedasticity Test; hypothesis testing performed by T test and F test, and coefficient of


cision to implement watershed conservation. The results showed that the five


prevention of sedimentation in the sub-watershed of Keduang, while for the grass vegetation, in addition also


community participation, equity (capital) and government incentives, watershed conservation,

f sedimentation, Keduang Sub-Watershed.


function is so important, then the presence of water need has to be managed as

According to Aldaya et al (2009) there are two kinds of water that directly used by or related to living

organisms and all parties concerned, namely: virtual water and water foot print. Virtual water is defined as in the


used for production and a great community services, whereas the water foot print is divided int

which can be defined as the water that comes from the global evaporation of


the rest of water that has been contaminated human activities.


For this purpose, the catchment area need to be conditioned and mana

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on Vegetative

nogiri Reservoir Sedimentation in



University of Sebelas Maret Indonesia; ***Environmental Science Program, University of Gadjah Mada



n surrounding reservoir (hinterland), further more causing sedimentation that

The consequence of this circumstance, the capacity of reservoir is decreasing. In order

as to be done. The research concerning the related

catchment) Keduang which is constitute one of six sub-watershed in

the rain catchment area of Wonogiri reservoir which is contributed the largest amount sedimentation silt in to

This study focused on vegetative conservation approaches and community involvement related to the


nancial capital (the physical condition of the land) and natural capital (natural forces);


otivating factor that may affected to the public (farmers who live in the catchment areas) in a participatory

The specific objectives of this

find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the education


f the role of the physical conditions in conservation activities;


ey method with a sample of 300 respondents was taken by using a purposive sampling in


gohimo SubDistrict), and Sembukan Village

Data collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire and Focus Group

Data analysis was done by using the validity test: reliability Test, Multicollinearity Test:

rrelation Test: heteroscedasticity Test; hypothesis testing performed by T test and F test, and coefficient of


cision to implement watershed conservation. The results showed that the five


the grass vegetation, in addition also


community participation, equity (capital) and government incentives, watershed conservation,


function is so important, then the presence of water need has to be managed as

According to Aldaya et al (2009) there are two kinds of water that directly used by or related to living

Virtual water is defined as in the


used for production and a great community services, whereas the water foot print is divided into three kinds,

which can be defined as the water that comes from the global evaporation of



For this purpose, the catchment area need to be conditioned and managed, so the presence of



water can be used in a sustainable manner, it can be maintained by participating the community.

efforts to achieve green water management is to conduct conservation activities in upstream areas.

conservation includes two important events, namely the mechanical (structural) conservation and the

vegetative conservation (non structural) associated with the public and community as an actor who has a big role

in the realization of the upstream areas of the green for sprin

Sustainability of the Solo river water is strongly influenced by the conditions of the upstream catchment

area, and depending also on the condition of ecosystems in the catchment area itself.

ecosystem of Solo River Basin, especially in Sub

huge amounts of sediment was originated from sub catchment of Keduang is about 1.21858 million m

total sediment entering into the reservoir of Wo

2007). Intake blockage caused by deposition and waste almost entirely from Sub Catchment of Keduang. Please

note also that the Sub-watershed with the largest sub watershed of Keduang constitutes Water Ca

with the ample of about 421 km2 or about 34% of the entire watershed of Wonogiri.

handled as immediate and urgenty as possible intended to address the influx of trash from the Keduang

river. The total land area of critical reservoirs Wonogiri approximately 1087 km

degraded lands was caused by deforestation in the headwaters of the looting or land

Hence it is clear that the motive for encouraging economi

cultivation will causes environmental damage. Humans are the main factors on triggering causes of

sedimentation as a result of farming land that is not based on the principles of sustainable development which off

course will also resulted in damage to the environment which causing silting process and sedimentation.

research was conducted in Sub Watershed (Sub

in the catchment area that has contributed

vegetative conservation approaches and community participation in relation to the five capitals and watershed

conservation. The five capitals constitute social capital (public power), human cap

physical capital (the physical condition of the land), natural capital (natural forces); and vegetative capital and

government incentives. General purpose of this study was to find a relationship between the five capitals and

government incentives as a motivating factors that may affect the public (farmers who live in the catchment area)

in a participatory conservation decisions in order to control sedimentation in the reservoir.

of this study are as follows: (a) to find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the

education community, (b) to find a major role in the conservation of human resources, (c) to find the role of

power/financial capital for conservation, (d)

conservation activities; (e) to find major role for the conservation of natural resources, and (f) to find the

magnitude of the role of government and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation. The method u

survey method, with 300 respondents was taken by using a purposive sampling in five villages, they are: the

Village of Gemawang which is located in Ngadirojo sub district; Sambirejo Village of Jatisrono sub district;

Pingkuk Village of Jatiroto sub district; Sukoboyo Village of Slogohimo sub district, and Sembukan Village of

Sidoharjo sub district. Data collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire.

by using the validity test; reliability; multicollinearity; Autoco

the hypothesis testing was performed by “

done in order to determine the level of these five capitals contribution and its influence

the government's incentives to the community’s decision for implementing a sub watershed conservation.

Complex problems encountered in Solo Watershed Management, primarily stem from a very high

population pressure so that the carrying capacity of land and environment in the watershed is diminishing; this

problem will continuing happened if not supported by appropriate efficient and effective manner of watershed

management strategies. Several times of flooding occurrences were due

in 1966, the flood was inundated an area of

deaths, 57, 500 hectares and 53,000 flooded homes; the 1993 flood

fields, 3,000 hectares of houses, 1700 hectares of grounds, 182 farms and 5,000 homes, and in 2007 the largest

flood again happened during the 40 (forty) years returned periods that claimed 67 human lives and flooded the 8

(eight) districts/the city of Solo, Sragen, Ngawi, Madiun, Bojonegoro, Blora, Tuban, and Lamongan.

landslides caused by natural factors and human activities associated with the use of natural resources leading to

decreased function of the hydrological basin. Natural factor

geomorphological conditions (geology, topography and soil type). While the factors due to human activities and

practices of forest use patterns, soil and water are not in harmony with the principles of soil and wa

conservation, while also poor management of river systems and infrastructure of irrigation/ drainage in the urban

/ rural.

The extent to which the role of community, human resources, financial capital, physical condition, natural

resources and government incentives to watershed farmers' decision to save the environment in sustainable

0948 (Online)

49

water can be used in a sustainable manner, it can be maintained by participating the community.

efforts to achieve green water management is to conduct conservation activities in upstream areas.

two important events, namely the mechanical (structural) conservation and the


in the realization of the upstream areas of the green for spring bequeath to future generations.


area, and depending also on the condition of ecosystems in the catchment area itself. The Upstream catchment

tem of Solo River Basin, especially in Sub-catchment of Keduang experiencing severe degradation.

huge amounts of sediment was originated from sub catchment of Keduang is about 1.21858 million m

total sediment entering into the reservoir of Wonogiri which about 3.17851 million m

Intake blockage caused by deposition and waste almost entirely from Sub Catchment of Keduang. Please

watershed with the largest sub watershed of Keduang constitutes Water Ca

or about 34% of the entire watershed of Wonogiri. From these data it has to be


critical reservoirs Wonogiri approximately 1087 km2 (Ouchi, 2007).

degraded lands was caused by deforestation in the headwaters of the looting or land-uses into agricultural areas.

Hence it is clear that the motive for encouraging economic activity through the unbalanced of land



ourse will also resulted in damage to the environment which causing silting process and sedimentation.

research was conducted in Sub Watershed (Sub-basin) of Keduang which is one of six sub

in the catchment area that has contributed the largest of reservoir sedimentation. This study focused on


conservation. The five capitals constitute social capital (public power), human capital (community resources),



vernment incentives as a motivating factors that may affect the public (farmers who live in the catchment area)

in a participatory conservation decisions in order to control sedimentation in the reservoir.

s: (a) to find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the


power/financial capital for conservation, (d) to find the magnitude of the role of the physical conditions in


magnitude of the role of government and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation. The method u



district; Sukoboyo Village of Slogohimo sub district, and Sembukan Village of

Data collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done

by using the validity test; reliability; multicollinearity; Autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity test; beside that

the hypothesis testing was performed by “T “test and “F “ test. A coefficient of determination analysis was also

done in order to determine the level of these five capitals contribution and its influence variables and signals of



ying capacity of land and environment in the watershed is diminishing; this


Several times of flooding occurrences were due to overflow of the river Solo, namely:

in 1966, the flood was inundated an area of 120,000 hectares and 152,000 houses; 1987, floods caused 3 peoples

deaths, 57, 500 hectares and 53,000 flooded homes; the 1993 flood inundated of about 15,000 hectares of



f Solo, Sragen, Ngawi, Madiun, Bojonegoro, Blora, Tuban, and Lamongan.


decreased function of the hydrological basin. Natural factors caused climate/rainfall is very high and


practices of forest use patterns, soil and water are not in harmony with the principles of soil and wa



nt incentives to watershed farmers' decision to save the environment in sustainable

www.iiste.org

water can be used in a sustainable manner, it can be maintained by participating the community. One of the

efforts to achieve green water management is to conduct conservation activities in upstream areas. This

two important events, namely the mechanical (structural) conservation and the


g bequeath to future generations.


The Upstream catchment

catchment of Keduang experiencing severe degradation. A

huge amounts of sediment was originated from sub catchment of Keduang is about 1.21858 million m3 / year of

nogiri which about 3.17851 million m3 / year (Ouchi,

Intake blockage caused by deposition and waste almost entirely from Sub Catchment of Keduang. Please

watershed with the largest sub watershed of Keduang constitutes Water Catchment Area

From these data it has to be


(Ouchi, 2007). The extent of

uses into agricultural areas.

c activity through the unbalanced of land



ourse will also resulted in damage to the environment which causing silting process and sedimentation. The

basin) of Keduang which is one of six sub-watershed Sub-basin

This study focused on


ital (community resources),



vernment incentives as a motivating factors that may affect the public (farmers who live in the catchment area)

in a participatory conservation decisions in order to control sedimentation in the reservoir. The specific objective

s: (a) to find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the


nitude of the role of the physical conditions in


magnitude of the role of government and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation. The method used was



district; Sukoboyo Village of Slogohimo sub district, and Sembukan Village of

Data analysis was done

rrelation, and heteroscedasticity test; beside that

“ test. A coefficient of determination analysis was also

variables and signals of



ying capacity of land and environment in the watershed is diminishing; this


to overflow of the river Solo, namely:

120,000 hectares and 152,000 houses; 1987, floods caused 3 peoples

inundated of about 15,000 hectares of rice



f Solo, Sragen, Ngawi, Madiun, Bojonegoro, Blora, Tuban, and Lamongan. Floods and


s caused climate/rainfall is very high and


practices of forest use patterns, soil and water are not in harmony with the principles of soil and water



nt incentives to watershed farmers' decision to save the environment in sustainable



watershed environment. From the above brief description of the research problem can be formulated through the

following research questions: 1. How big is community particip

effective is the role of human resources in Sub watershed conservation?

to the implementation of conservation organizations?

conservation? 5. How big is the influence of natural resources/vegetative region of the?

of the government towards the implementation of watershed conservation?

This research-oriented also addressed to human resource management.

the relationships between cause and effect in environmental management.

Driving Forces State Response (DSR) that it has been widely used and accepted in the study of environmental

management. DSR framework is used for describing the reliability of a simple relationship between

environmental conditions and determining factors, or the ability to push (the driving forces), hereinafter referred

to as DSR organization driving forces.

2. Result and Discussion

2.1. Description of The Study Area

Keduang is the largest among the six sub catchments of Wonogiri

Keduang is located at 7042'-4

011' 7

055'LS and 4

in the watershed with high annual rainfall is about 5,404 mm/year with a number of 165 rainy days

2005). Sub watershed of Keduang is about 39,700 hectares (397 km

15.1% forest, and 26.7% of the garden (Water Resources Research and Development, 2005).

Keduang is located in the District Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia.

included rice fields and the moor. Types of crops on dry land are

mango and lamtoro. While the types of crops on forest land is almost non

forest covered of pine, teak, rosewood, acacia and cashew.

consists of three types: litosol, Mediterranean, and Latosol with variety of slope classes Keduang ranging

between 1-15% and above 40%.

2.2. Slope Classification and Conservation

Sub catchment of Keduang has been classified into three classes of s

22 000 ha (54.41%); 15-40% of about 3400 ha (8.57%) and> 40% of about 14 300 ha

the largest percentage of land with a slope of 2

slopes. From the results of a study that was conducted by PWBS estimated that an annual sediment which was

entering to the reservoir Wonogiri from 1981 until 1987 showed that sub catchment of Tirtomoyo, Keduang and

Solo Hulu were the largest contribution of sediment that entered into reservoir level.

Conservation means the preservation or protection of the environment (Echols & Shadily, 1989:

140). Another notion that conservation is expressed by Dassmann (1984) which states that conservation is an

effort and careful protection against anything in particular management of natural resources to prevent the

exploitation and destruction or extinction.

once close relationship between land and water, and that any treatment given to a parcel of land will influenced

the water system in the downstream, then the problem of soil and water conservation are closely related

matters. Various measures of soil conservation is automatically also a wat

conservation efforts aimed to prevent damage in addition to soil erosion and improve soil that has been damaged,

also aimed to establish land capability class and actions or treatment that is required in order to land could b

used optimally in an unlimited period of time. As we know that the purpose of soil conservation is to obtain a

maximum support from the production rate given by the ground to maintain the balance of the lost ground by

setting the average soil erosion. In

continue to deteriorate and ultimately can not be reclaimed back.

prevented but can be reduced to a maximum tolerance of the average so

mean a delay of soil conservation or land use restrictions on land use, but its use to adjust the range of soil

properties and provide treatment in accordance with the properties of the soil and provide treatment

accordance with the terms of the required.

2.3. Land Conservation Approach

Under these both conditions, there are three approaches to land conservation there are: a.

state of the soil to resist destruction and transport, as well as greater power to absorb water; b.

or plant debris from a direct blow to rain water that falls; c.

destructive force. Soil and water conservation strategies can be divided into three main methods, namely:

a. Vegetative methods in soil and water conservat

suppress the rate of erosion and runoff.

because of: 1) Reduction of the rain beating against the surface of soil gra

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50

From the above brief description of the research problem can be formulated through the

How big is community participation in watershed conservation?

effective is the role of human resources in Sub watershed conservation? 3. How does the role of financial capital

to the implementation of conservation organizations? 4. How much influence the physical condition of t

How big is the influence of natural resources/vegetative region of the? 6.

of the government towards the implementation of watershed conservation?

oriented also addressed to human resource management. Many frameworks used to explain

the relationships between cause and effect in environmental management. This research used the concept of


DSR framework is used for describing the reliability of a simple relationship between


to as DSR organization driving forces.

Description of The Study Area

Keduang is the largest among the six sub catchments of Wonogiri reservoir. Geographically, the Sub

55'LS and 4024'BT. Natural conditions in sub catchment of Keduan

in the watershed with high annual rainfall is about 5,404 mm/year with a number of 165 rainy days

Sub watershed of Keduang is about 39,700 hectares (397 km2) consisting of 42.6% rice, 15.6% residential,

of the garden (Water Resources Research and Development, 2005).

Keduang is located in the District Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. Agricultural land in Sub watershed Keduang

Types of crops on dry land are teaks, rosewoods, chocolate, cashew, coconut,

While the types of crops on forest land is almost non-existent. Existing vegetation on the

forest covered of pine, teak, rosewood, acacia and cashew. Soil types that exist in Sub catchment


Slope Classification and Conservation

Sub catchment of Keduang has been classified into three classes of slope as follows: the slope of 2

40% of about 3400 ha (8.57%) and> 40% of about 14 300 ha (36.02%). Slope classes is

the largest percentage of land with a slope of 2-15%. In general, sub watershed Keduang does not have a



ution of sediment that entered into reservoir level.


Another notion that conservation is expressed by Dassmann (1984) which states that conservation is an


exploitation and destruction or extinction. Conservation in the study include soil and water conservation.

d and water, and that any treatment given to a parcel of land will influenced


Various measures of soil conservation is automatically also a water conservation measures. Soil


also aimed to establish land capability class and actions or treatment that is required in order to land could b



the broader context, erosion must be controlled to prevent soil conditions

continue to deteriorate and ultimately can not be reclaimed back. Erosion is a natural process that can not be

prevented but can be reduced to a maximum tolerance of the average soil loss (Sevastel, 2010).


properties and provide treatment in accordance with the properties of the soil and provide treatment

accordance with the terms of the required.

Under these both conditions, there are three approaches to land conservation there are: a. Repair and maintain the

state of the soil to resist destruction and transport, as well as greater power to absorb water; b.

a direct blow to rain water that falls; c. Regulate the flow of the surface so that the flow is not


Vegetative methods in soil and water conservation strategy is the management of plants in such a way so as to

suppress the rate of erosion and runoff. As has been stated in advance that the plant can reduce erosion and runoff

because of: 1) Reduction of the rain beating against the surface of soil grains as a result of interception of rainfall

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From the above brief description of the research problem can be formulated through the

ation in watershed conservation? 2. How

How does the role of financial capital

How much influence the physical condition of the

6. How do the incentives

Many frameworks used to explain

This research used the concept of


DSR framework is used for describing the reliability of a simple relationship between


Geographically, the Sub-watershed

24'BT. Natural conditions in sub catchment of Keduang included

in the watershed with high annual rainfall is about 5,404 mm/year with a number of 165 rainy days (BPTDAS,

) consisting of 42.6% rice, 15.6% residential,

of the garden (Water Resources Research and Development, 2005). Sub-watershed

Agricultural land in Sub watershed Keduang

teaks, rosewoods, chocolate, cashew, coconut,

Existing vegetation on the

Soil types that exist in Sub catchment of Keduang


lope as follows: the slope of 2-15% of about

(36.02%). Slope classes is

15%. In general, sub watershed Keduang does not have a steep




Another notion that conservation is expressed by Dassmann (1984) which states that conservation is an


Conservation in the study include soil and water conservation. There

d and water, and that any treatment given to a parcel of land will influenced


er conservation measures. Soil


also aimed to establish land capability class and actions or treatment that is required in order to land could be



the broader context, erosion must be controlled to prevent soil conditions

Erosion is a natural process that can not be

il loss (Sevastel, 2010). Thus it does not


properties and provide treatment in accordance with the properties of the soil and provide treatment in

Repair and maintain the

state of the soil to resist destruction and transport, as well as greater power to absorb water; b. Soil close to plants

Regulate the flow of the surface so that the flow is not


ion strategy is the management of plants in such a way so as to

As has been stated in advance that the plant can reduce erosion and runoff

ins as a result of interception of rainfall



by plant canopy grain, 2) reduction in surface flow speed as a result of increased surface hardness, 3)

Improved aggregation of land as a result of the activity of plant roots and the addition of organic matter,

also increasing the infiltration capacity, 4) increase in soil water loss due to evapotranspiration, so the soil dries

quickly.b. Methods of physical/mechanical erosion control efforts can also be done by mechanical technical

despite the fact that this method requires large financing compared with vegetative way, because it involves the

creation of infrastructure, such as: 1) Preparation of routes for the drainage of water from certain places to

sites; 2) Preparation of the terraces that wa

capacity will a bit improved, 3) Perform tillage in such a way that is parallel with the contour lines. Methods of

physical/mechanical require considerable expense, but for the sake

greater losses, the way it should be noted.

control efforts can be expected to reduced or impaired surface flow (run off) so that the power o

will decline.

2.4. Vegetative Conservation

The vegetative method is included in the soil and water conservation strategies are: a.

(permanent plant cover). The ability of cover crops to reduce erosion is no doubt. Cover

separately (when the soil is not cultivated staple crops), or planted with staple crops as ground cover under the

principal crops, or even sometimes as a staple crop protection.

(either deliberately planted in order to cover ground or not) it can be regarded as cover crops, but in a special sense

is a cover crop is a crop that was deliberately planted to protect soil from erosion

while increasing the productivity of the soil;

which each type of crop planted in strips that criss cross on a piece of land and is based on contour lines or cut slope

direction. In this system all tillage

recommended the crop rotation, even on lands that easily rotated (high erodibility) suggested that one of the plants

in the strip is a cover crop in the ground permanently.

2.5. Farmers Status

Based on the education, farmers that settled in sub

34.05% of junior high school level; and 13.79% high school, 0.86% college degree, and 16.81% not in school.

The results of Chi square (x2 count) is smaller than the x2 table (0,05:4) so

which means there is a significant mean differences between the five groups (populations) for the variable levels of

education. Based on farmers' incomes in sub

Rp.500.000, -, 42.67% have incomes in between Rp.500.000,

between Rp.1.100.000, - to Rp.2.000.000,

incomes of more than Rp.2.500.000,

so the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences between the five

groups (populations) for the variable level of income.

Based on extensive land cultivation shows about 21:21% indicates that farmers has an area of

less than 0.5 hectares, 54.74% has arable land area of

1.5 hectares, 8:19% of arable land has an area of

than 2 hectares. The results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) so

hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences between the five groups

(populations) for the variable area of

2.6. Demonstration Plots

The model is done by planting vegetative grasses in the system demonstration pl

the sample, the village of Sukoboyo in Slogohimo sub District, Sumberejo village in Jatisrono sub District, the

Pingkuk village in Jatiroto subDistrict, Sembukan village in Sidoharjo sub District, and Gemawang village whic

is located in Ngadirojo subdistrict. The ample area of

of six plots each having an area of

elephant grass, vetiver grass, Setaria grass, kolojono grass, and blembem grass

about root length, number of tillers, number of roots, traction, and sediment that affected by each kind of

grass. The results of the number of tillers plant damplot shows tha

blembem grass in the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6

months. The fifth plant used has a number of different tillers.

vegetative plant. The length of the roots of grass plants, vetiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and blembem in the five

villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age range of 2, 4, and 6 months.

to have long roots that is different. It was found that the average length of roots which has the largest elephant grass

lawn. This can be the basis of selection as a model of vegetative plant.

Setaria, kolonjono, and blembem grass (

a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6 months.

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aggregation of land as a result of the activity of plant roots and the addition of organic matter,


Methods of physical/mechanical erosion control efforts can also be done by mechanical technical

this method requires large financing compared with vegetative way, because it involves the

creation of infrastructure, such as: 1) Preparation of routes for the drainage of water from certain places to

sites; 2) Preparation of the terraces that water flow can be inhibited so that runoff can be reduced and the carrying


physical/mechanical require considerable expense, but for the sake of avoiding the erosion that would result in far

greater losses, the way it should be noted. Through the manufacture and treatment by using mechanical erosion

control efforts can be expected to reduced or impaired surface flow (run off) so that the power o

The vegetative method is included in the soil and water conservation strategies are: a.

(permanent plant cover). The ability of cover crops to reduce erosion is no doubt. Cover


principal crops, or even sometimes as a staple crop protection. Although all plants that can close the ground as well

ther deliberately planted in order to cover ground or not) it can be regarded as cover crops, but in a special sense

is a cover crop is a crop that was deliberately planted to protect soil from erosion , increase soil organic matter, and

he productivity of the soil; b. Planting in the strip is a way of farming with several crops, in


In this system all tillage should be done to cut the slope. In addition, in a strip cropping is also


in the strip is a cover crop in the ground permanently.

Based on the education, farmers that settled in sub-watershed Keduang was 34.48% have primary school education,


(x2 count) is smaller than the x2 table (0,05:4) so the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected,


Based on farmers' incomes in sub watersheds Keduang is about 10,34% had incomes of less than

, 42.67% have incomes in between Rp.500.000, - to Rp.1.000.000, -, 35.78% have incomes of

to Rp.2.000.000, -; 6.90% have incomes Rp.2.100.00, - to Rp.2.500.000

incomes of more than Rp.2.500.000, -. The results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4)

the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences between the five

ps (populations) for the variable level of income.

Based on extensive land cultivation shows about 21:21% indicates that farmers has an area of

less than 0.5 hectares, 54.74% has arable land area of 0.5 to 1 hectare, 14.66% has arable la

8:19% of arable land has an area of 1.6 to 2 hectares, and 1:29% of arable land has an area of

The results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) so

sis (Ho) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences between the five groups

(populations) for the variable area of arable land.

The model is done by planting vegetative grasses in the system demonstration plots conducted in five villages of


Pingkuk village in Jatiroto subDistrict, Sembukan village in Sidoharjo sub District, and Gemawang village whic

The ample area of each demonstration plot was 60 square meters, consisting

of six plots each having an area of 10 square meters. Five boxes planted with five species of grass, namely:

s, Setaria grass, kolojono grass, and blembem grass). At each plant was observed


The results of the number of tillers plant damplot shows that elephant grass, vetiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and

grass in the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6

The fifth plant used has a number of different tillers. This can be the basis of selection

The length of the roots of grass plants, vetiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and blembem in the five

villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age range of 2, 4, and 6 months. These five plants that used

It was found that the average length of roots which has the largest elephant grass

This can be the basis of selection as a model of vegetative plant. Traction plant Gajah

grass (the local name of grass) in the five villages which are used as a sample at

a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6 months. These five plants that used to have traction different.

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aggregation of land as a result of the activity of plant roots and the addition of organic matter, thereby


Methods of physical/mechanical erosion control efforts can also be done by mechanical technical

this method requires large financing compared with vegetative way, because it involves the

creation of infrastructure, such as: 1) Preparation of routes for the drainage of water from certain places to disposal

ter flow can be inhibited so that runoff can be reduced and the carrying


of avoiding the erosion that would result in far

Through the manufacture and treatment by using mechanical erosion

control efforts can be expected to reduced or impaired surface flow (run off) so that the power of the soil erosion

The vegetative method is included in the soil and water conservation strategies are: a. Planting a cover crop

(permanent plant cover). The ability of cover crops to reduce erosion is no doubt. Cover crops can be planted


Although all plants that can close the ground as well

ther deliberately planted in order to cover ground or not) it can be regarded as cover crops, but in a special sense

, increase soil organic matter, and

Planting in the strip is a way of farming with several crops, in


In addition, in a strip cropping is also


watershed Keduang was 34.48% have primary school education,


the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected,


watersheds Keduang is about 10,34% had incomes of less than

, 35.78% have incomes of

to Rp.2.500.000, - and 4.31% had

The results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4)

the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences between the five

Based on extensive land cultivation shows about 21:21% indicates that farmers has an area of arable land is

0.5 to 1 hectare, 14.66% has arable land area from 1.1 to

1.6 to 2 hectares, and 1:29% of arable land has an area of more

The results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) so the null

sis (Ho) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences between the five groups

ots conducted in five villages of


Pingkuk village in Jatiroto subDistrict, Sembukan village in Sidoharjo sub District, and Gemawang village which

each demonstration plot was 60 square meters, consisting

Five boxes planted with five species of grass, namely:

At each plant was observed


elephant grass, vetiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and

grass in the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6

This can be the basis of selection as a model of

The length of the roots of grass plants, vetiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and blembem in the five

These five plants that used

It was found that the average length of roots which has the largest elephant grass

Gajah (elephant), vetiver,

) in the five villages which are used as a sample at

These five plants that used to have traction different. It was found



that the average traction has the largest grass

as a model of vegetative plant.

2.7. Research Instruments, Statistical Analysis and the Result of Research

Questionnaires were used as Research Instruments. Questionnaire was also used

used a Likert scale with five alternative answers.

score is five times eleven is 55. The results of real measurements in the field showed that the average score

achieved for the variables of human capital is 40.70 with a standard deviation of 6:51.

and the score total results of measurements of the real / real 40.70, it can be said to exist at the level of human

capital is moderates. The results of the

hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means there are no significant mean differences between the five groups

(populations) to variable human capital.

scale with five alternative answers.

times twelve is 60. While the results of real measurements in the field showed

the financial capital variable is 47.31 with a standard deviation of 5:53.

total results of measurements of the real of about 47.31, it can be said that the financial capital

levels. Based on the analysis showed that the results of

(0,05:4) so the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences

between the five groups (populations) for

natural resource capital, Likert scale also apply with five alternative answers.

items, so the ideal total score is five times eight is 40.

average score achieved for the natural resources capital variable is 31.59 with a standard deviation of 3:02.

ideal total score of 40, and the score total results of

existing capital of resources comes at a moderate level.

than x2 tables (0,05:4) so the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means

differences between the five groups (populations) for the variable sources of capital

2.7.1. Production Of Capital Equipment And Infrastructure Facilities

In this study, a questionnaire was also used to measure th

facilities, Likert scale also used with five alternative answers.

ideal total score is five times nine is 45.

achieved for the variable inputs of capital equipment and infrastructure is 33.63 with a standard deviation of

4.87. If the ideal total score of 45, and the score total results of measurements of the real / real 33.63, it

that capital equipment and infrastructure of production is at moderate levels.

2.7.2. Social capital observation

Social capital observation was used a Likert scale with five alternative answers.

(nine) items, so the ideal total score is five times nine is 45.

that the average score achieved for the variables of social capital is 32.68 with a standard deviation of 3.44.

ideal total score of 45, and the score total

capital existing at moderate levels. The results of the

so the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means there a

groups (populations) to variable social capital.

2.7.3. Government Incentives Capital

Government incentives Capital were measured using Likert scale with five alternative answers.

questions is 8 (eight) items, so the ideal total score is five times eight is 40.

field showed that the average score achieved for variable capital incentives the government is 29.78 with a

standard deviation of 4.91. If the ideal to

it can be said of capital there are government incentives to moderate levels.

Smirnov Z value for the variable is 3544, while government inc

according to the table shows that the calculated value of

hypothesis (Ho) is rejected which means that the data for government incentive variables are n

2.7.4. Multicollinearity Test Independent Variables

Multicollinearity test results show that for all independent variables included social capital, human capital,

financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production facilities a

government incentives the VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) is smaller than 10 and greater tolerance value

0.10. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity in all the independent

variables. Autocorrelation test results showed that the Durbin

Durbin-Watson coefficient values greater than 0.05 then it can be concluded that in all the independent variables

include social capital, human capital

and infrastructure as well as government incentives are not going autocorrelation. Heteroscedasticity symptoms

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that the average traction has the largest grass Setaria (the name of grass).This can be used for the basis of selection

Research Instruments, Statistical Analysis and the Result of Research

Questionnaires were used as Research Instruments. Questionnaire was also used to measure human capital and

used a Likert scale with five alternative answers. The number of questions is 11 (eleven) items, so the ideal total

The results of real measurements in the field showed that the average score

achieved for the variables of human capital is 40.70 with a standard deviation of 6:51. If the ideal total score of 55,


The results of the Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) so


(populations) to variable human capital. Questionnaire was used to measure financial capital and using a

The number of questions is 12 (twelve) items, so the ideal total score is five

While the results of real measurements in the field showed that the average score achieved for

the financial capital variable is 47.31 with a standard deviation of 5:53. If the ideal total score of 60, and the score

total results of measurements of the real of about 47.31, it can be said that the financial capital

Based on the analysis showed that the results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table

the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences

groups (populations) for variables of financial capital. Questionnaire also used for measuring the

natural resource capital, Likert scale also apply with five alternative answers. The number of questions is 8 (eight)

ve times eight is 40. The results of real measurements in the field showed that the

average score achieved for the natural resources capital variable is 31.59 with a standard deviation of 3:02.

ideal total score of 40, and the score total results of measurements of the real 31.59, then can be concluded that the

existing capital of resources comes at a moderate level. The results of Chi square test (x2 count) showed greater

the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means there are no significant mean

differences between the five groups (populations) for the variable sources of capital natural resources.

Production Of Capital Equipment And Infrastructure Facilities

In this study, a questionnaire was also used to measure the production of capital equipment and infrastructure

facilities, Likert scale also used with five alternative answers. The number of questions were 9 (nine) items, so the

ideal total score is five times nine is 45. The results of real measurements in the field showed that the average score


If the ideal total score of 45, and the score total results of measurements of the real / real 33.63, it

that capital equipment and infrastructure of production is at moderate levels.

Social capital observation was used a Likert scale with five alternative answers. The number of questions are 9

l total score is five times nine is 45. The results of real measurements in the field showed

that the average score achieved for the variables of social capital is 32.68 with a standard deviation of 3.44.

ideal total score of 45, and the score total results of measurements of the real / real 32.68, it can be said of social

The results of the Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4)

the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which means there are no significant mean differences between the five

groups (populations) to variable social capital.

Government Incentives Capital

Government incentives Capital were measured using Likert scale with five alternative answers.

ight) items, so the ideal total score is five times eight is 40. The results of real measurements in the


If the ideal total score of 40, and the total score measurement results of real / real 29.78,

it can be said of capital there are government incentives to moderate levels. The results show that the Kolmogorov

value for the variable is 3544, while government incentives Kolmogorov Smirnov

according to the table shows that the calculated value of Z is greater than the Z table (0,05:232) so that the null

hypothesis (Ho) is rejected which means that the data for government incentive variables are n

Multicollinearity Test Independent Variables


financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production facilities and infrastructure as well as

(Variance Inflation Factor) is smaller than 10 and greater tolerance value

Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity in all the independent

Autocorrelation test results showed that the Durbin-Watson coefficient obtained was 1.329.

greater than 0.05 then it can be concluded that in all the independent variables

include social capital, human capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production facilities


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.This can be used for the basis of selection

to measure human capital and

The number of questions is 11 (eleven) items, so the ideal total

The results of real measurements in the field showed that the average score

If the ideal total score of 55,


square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) so the null


re was used to measure financial capital and using a Likert

The number of questions is 12 (twelve) items, so the ideal total score is five

that the average score achieved for

If the ideal total score of 60, and the score

total results of measurements of the real of about 47.31, it can be said that the financial capital is at moderate

square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table

the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differences

Questionnaire also used for measuring the

The number of questions is 8 (eight)

The results of real measurements in the field showed that the

average score achieved for the natural resources capital variable is 31.59 with a standard deviation of 3:02. If the

measurements of the real 31.59, then can be concluded that the

square test (x2 count) showed greater

there are no significant mean

natural resources.

e production of capital equipment and infrastructure

The number of questions were 9 (nine) items, so the

ield showed that the average score


If the ideal total score of 45, and the score total results of measurements of the real / real 33.63, it can be said

The number of questions are 9

The results of real measurements in the field showed

that the average score achieved for the variables of social capital is 32.68 with a standard deviation of 3.44. If the

results of measurements of the real / real 32.68, it can be said of social

square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table (0,05:4)

re no significant mean differences between the five

Government incentives Capital were measured using Likert scale with five alternative answers. The number of

The results of real measurements in the


tal score of 40, and the total score measurement results of real / real 29.78,

The results show that the Kolmogorov

entives Kolmogorov Smirnov Z value is 0.0892

table (0,05:232) so that the null

hypothesis (Ho) is rejected which means that the data for government incentive variables are normally distributed.


nd infrastructure as well as

(Variance Inflation Factor) is smaller than 10 and greater tolerance value of

Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity in all the independent

Watson coefficient obtained was 1.329. Because the

greater than 0.05 then it can be concluded that in all the independent variables

, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production facilities




occur as a result of the residual variation that is not the same

the variance in the regression error (ei) for some value of x is not constant or variable.

absence of constant error variance can be done by drawing the graph of y with the residual

limits the distribution of the dots are relatively parallel then said to be a constant error variance.

that there was no heterokedastisity.

2.7.5. Multiple linear regression test

Multiple linear regression test used to

capital, human capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production facilities and

infrastructure and government incentives for the

watershed. Dependent variable has a mean of 55.4612 berkonservasi decision by the number of data 232 and a

standard deviation of 7.37776. Independent variables of social capital has a mean of 3

deviation of 3.43949 and the amount of data 232.

deviation of 6.51435 and the amount of data 232.Financial capital variable has a mean of 47.3103 with a standard

deviation of 5.53370 and the amount of data 232.

31.5862 3.02105 and the amount of data 232.

deviation of 4.87079 and the amount of data 232

deviation 29.7888 4.91515 and the amount of data 232.

Multiple correlation coefficient

by F-test F price obtained for 190.116 with a significance of 0.00.

constant price of 15.109 with a coefficient of

-0.239, the coefficient of X 4 0224, the coefficient of

of the coefficient of X1, X2, and X4 are not significant because each has a significance of more than 0.00.

regression equation is Y = 0.038X1 0.120X2 + 0239 + 0329 + X3 + X5 + 0.224X4 X6 + 15 109 0

correlations for the six variables, respectively 0034, 0127,

2.7.6. “T “ Test Results Analysis

T test results between social capital variables and the decision indicates that conservation count of 42 634 t while t

table (n = 462 with a level of significance level α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t calculated <t table means the Ho

accepted that there is significant influence between variables

implementing the watershed commun

and the decision of conservation activities shown that t count of 22.847 while the t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05

significance level is 1.984. Since the t count> t table then Ho

between variables human capital (human capacity) to decisions taken in implementing watershed conservation

community development, t test results between financial capital and the decision variables b

t count of 13.462 while the t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984. Due

means the Ho accepted that there was no significant effect between the variables of financial capital (financial

capacity) of the decisions taken in implementing watershed conservation community development. t test results

between variable capital and natural resources conservation decision shows that t count

(n = 462 d with a significance level α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t count> t table then Ho is rejected, which means that

there is significant influence between variable capital resources (natural capacity) of the watershed community

decisions in implementing sustainable conservation. t test re

variables of conservation count shows that of 37 622 t while t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is

1.984. Since the t count> t table then Ho is rejected which means that there is an influence

between the variables of physical capital (physical capacity) to decisions taken in implementing the watershed

communities sustainable conservation of t test results between government incentives and the decision variables of

conservation count shows that of 44 109 t while t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984

t count> t table then Ho is rejected it means that there are a significant effect between the variables of government

incentives on decisions taken and in implementing the watershed communities sustainable conservation.

2.7.7. “F” Test Probability Value and Coefficients of Determinant

The analysis is also performed by “F”

concluded that Ho is rejected means that there are significant variables that influence human capital, financial

capital, natural capital, physical capital, social capital, and

implementing watershed conservatio

for the variables of social capital, human capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production

facilities and infrastructure, and government incentives is 0.

social capital, human capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment production facilities and

infrastructure, and government incentives to the decision of conservation was 83.5%.

influenced by conservation factors, social capital, human capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital

equipment production facilities and infrastructure, and government incentives amounting to 83.5% while the rest is

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occur as a result of the residual variation that is not the same for all observations.Heterokedastisitas occurs when

the variance in the regression error (ei) for some value of x is not constant or variable.

absence of constant error variance can be done by drawing the graph of y with the residual

limits the distribution of the dots are relatively parallel then said to be a constant error variance.

Multiple linear regression test

Multiple linear regression test used to measure the magnitude of the effect of independent variables, namely social


infrastructure and government incentives for the dependent variable is the decision conservation of Keduang sub

Dependent variable has a mean of 55.4612 berkonservasi decision by the number of data 232 and a

Independent variables of social capital has a mean of 32.6767 with a standard

deviation of 3.43949 and the amount of data 232. Human capital variable has a mean of 40.6983 with a standard


of 5.53370 and the amount of data 232. Variable capital resources has a mean with standard deviation

31.5862 3.02105 and the amount of data 232. Physical capital variable has a mean of 33.6250 with a standard

deviation of 4.87079 and the amount of data 232. Variable incentives the government has a mean with standard

deviation 29.7888 4.91515 and the amount of data 232.

Multiple correlation coefficient R of 0.914. The coefficient is significant because it can be said after tested

or 190.116 with a significance of 0.00. another result from analysis show that a

constant price of 15.109 with a coefficient of X1 at 0038 prices, the coefficient for 0120 X2, X3

0224, the coefficient of 0.329 X5, X6 and 0919 coefficients.

of the coefficient of X1, X2, and X4 are not significant because each has a significance of more than 0.00.

Y = 0.038X1 0.120X2 + 0239 + 0329 + X3 + X5 + 0.224X4 X6 + 15 109 0

correlations for the six variables, respectively 0034, 0127, -0365, 0152, 0271, and 0532.


n = 462 with a level of significance level α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t calculated <t table means the Ho

accepted that there is significant influence between variables social capital (social capacity) to decisions taken in

implementing the watershed communities sustainable conservation. T test results between human capital variables


significance level is 1.984. Since the t count> t table then Ho is rejected, which means there is significant influence

human capital (human capacity) to decisions taken in implementing watershed conservation

community development, t test results between financial capital and the decision variables b

t count of 13.462 while the t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984. Due


ty) of the decisions taken in implementing watershed conservation community development. t test results

between variable capital and natural resources conservation decision shows that t count of 45.614 while the t table

α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t count> t table then Ho is rejected, which means that


in implementing sustainable conservation. t test results between physical capital and the decision


1.984. Since the t count> t table then Ho is rejected which means that there is an influence



ation count shows that of 44 109 t while t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984


ken and in implementing the watershed communities sustainable conservation.

“F” Test Probability Value and Coefficients of Determinant

F” test, “F” test probability value is less than the 0.05 level so that it can be

luded that Ho is rejected means that there are significant variables that influence human capital, financial

capital, natural capital, physical capital, social capital, and signals the government of the decisions taken in

implementing watershed conservation community development; the value of the coefficient of determination (R)


facilities and infrastructure, and government incentives is 0.835 so that it can be stated that the contribution of


infrastructure, and government incentives to the decision of conservation was 83.5%.



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for all observations.Heterokedastisitas occurs when

the variance in the regression error (ei) for some value of x is not constant or variable. Constant detection or

absence of constant error variance can be done by drawing the graph of y with the residual (y-y). If the line that

limits the distribution of the dots are relatively parallel then said to be a constant error variance. It can be concluded

measure the magnitude of the effect of independent variables, namely social


dependent variable is the decision conservation of Keduang sub

Dependent variable has a mean of 55.4612 berkonservasi decision by the number of data 232 and a

2.6767 with a standard

Human capital variable has a mean of 40.6983 with a standard


Variable capital resources has a mean with standard deviation

Physical capital variable has a mean of 33.6250 with a standard

Variable incentives the government has a mean with standard

The coefficient is significant because it can be said after tested

another result from analysis show that a

0120 X2, X3 coefficient of

and 0919 coefficients. Of the six coefficients

of the coefficient of X1, X2, and X4 are not significant because each has a significance of more than 0.00. The

Y = 0.038X1 0.120X2 + 0239 + 0329 + X3 + X5 + 0.224X4 X6 + 15 109 0919. Partial


n = 462 with a level of significance level α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t calculated <t table means the Ho

social capital (social capacity) to decisions taken in

ities sustainable conservation. T test results between human capital variables


is rejected, which means there is significant influence

human capital (human capacity) to decisions taken in implementing watershed conservation

community development, t test results between financial capital and the decision variables berkonservasi show that

t count of 13.462 while the t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984. Due t calculated <t table


ty) of the decisions taken in implementing watershed conservation community development. t test results

of 45.614 while the t table

α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t count> t table then Ho is rejected, which means that


sults between physical capital and the decision


1.984. Since the t count> t table then Ho is rejected which means that there is an influence significant association



ation count shows that of 44 109 t while t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984 . Since the


ken and in implementing the watershed communities sustainable conservation.

test probability value is less than the 0.05 level so that it can be

luded that Ho is rejected means that there are significant variables that influence human capital, financial

signals the government of the decisions taken in

n community development; the value of the coefficient of determination (R)


that the contribution of


infrastructure, and government incentives to the decision of conservation was 83.5%. That is, decisions are





influenced by other factors: the value of the coefficient of determination (R) for

it can be stated that the contribution of social capital on the decision on conservation was 21.5%.

are influenced by factors berkonservasi social capital of 21.5% while the rest is influenced by other

factors. Coefficient of determination (R) for human capital variables is 0.619, so it can be stated that the

contribution of human capital to the decision on conservation is 61.9%

of conservation of human capital by 61.9% while the rest is influenced by other factors.Coefficient of

determination (R) for the financial capital variable is 0.042, so it can be stated that the financial capi

to the decision of conservation was 4.2%.

financial capital by 4.2% while the rest is influenced by other factors.

determination (R) for natural resource capital variable is 0.439, so it can be stated that the capital contribution of

natural resources against the decision of conservation was 43.9%.

conservation related to capital resour

Coefficient of determination (R) for the variable inputs of capital equipment and infrastructure is 0.672 so

that it can be stated that the contribution of capital inputs and infrastruct

was 67.2%. That is, decisions are influenced by conservation factors related to capital facilities and infrastructure

for the production of 67.2% while the rest is influenced by other factors.Coefficient of determi

government incentives variable is 0.783, so it can be stated that the contribution of government incentives to

conservation decision was 78.3%. That is, decisions are influenced by conservation incentive factors for the

government while the remaining 78.3% influenced by other factors.

2.7.8. Demonstration Plot and the rate of Sedimentation

In this study, conducted in five Demonstration Plot sample,

consisting of six plots each having an area of

(elephant grass, vetiver grass, Setaria grass, grass kolonjono, and grass of blembem

control area with no plants at all. Each plot length of 10 meters and a width of one meter, one end section made a

hole reservoir sediment erosion results 1x1x0, 5 meter. Ea

embankment. Traction observations of each plant is known that traction plant

kolonjono, and blembem in the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age rang

months. The fifth power plant used to have a different grip.

the largest grass Setaria. This can be the basis of selection as a model of vegetative plant.

found that the average traction are significant differences between Pingkuk Gemawang, Gemawang

and Gemawang-Sembukan villages.

for all plants in general is in the villa

The stronger the root system with age of vegetation, and therefore the increasing age of plant vegetation so

traction will be higher. This means that the rate of erosion will be more suppressed.

affect erosion, because the root system of plants to help determine the activity of the formation and stabilization

of aggregates, which means it also increases the porosity of the soil. As stated in advance that will determine the

capacity of the soil porosity and infiltration rate. Vegetative methods in soil and water conservation strategy is

the management of plants in such a way so as to suppress the rate of erosion and runoff in the sub

Keduang Based on test results and the differences in the calcu

tillers, and root length for all plants

greatest in the village Sembukan. Ability to resist erosion rate of each grass plant can be d

volume of sediment that accumulated in the holes provided on each plot plots, including plots of control

plot. The total volume of sediment of each plot as follows: (1)

Roots fragrance = 2.0 cubic meters / ha, (3)

cubic meters / ha, (5) blembem Grass

Based on observations of sediment collected from

best ability to resist erosion, erosion occurs only 1.2 cubic meters per hektar. This number of relatively small

volume compared with the grass plant other.

20 cubic meters per hectare for six months.

crop of 40 cubic meters. This is a considerable loss of land, economically is a huge disadvantage because many

of topsoils are washed away resulting in lower soil fertility.

vegetative Keduang can maintain the stability of the structure of the soil through the root system and land cover

so as to increase infiltration and prev

vegetative approach sedimentation rate of sub

Implementation of watershed management using an approach based vegetative communities have

characteristics that are quite complex, because it involves various parties together.

selected the vegetative element in the form of grass monocot plants, not the tall plants in the form of trees, by the

0948 (Online)

54

d by other factors: the value of the coefficient of determination (R) for social capital variables is 0.215, so

it can be stated that the contribution of social capital on the decision on conservation was 21.5%.

berkonservasi social capital of 21.5% while the rest is influenced by other

Coefficient of determination (R) for human capital variables is 0.619, so it can be stated that the

contribution of human capital to the decision on conservation is 61.9%. That is, decisions are influenced by factors


determination (R) for the financial capital variable is 0.042, so it can be stated that the financial capi

to the decision of conservation was 4.2%. That is, decisions are influenced by factors of conservation based on

financial capital by 4.2% while the rest is influenced by other factors. While the value of the coefficient of

R) for natural resource capital variable is 0.439, so it can be stated that the capital contribution of

natural resources against the decision of conservation was 43.9%. That is, decisions are influenced by factors of

conservation related to capital resources amounting to 43.9% while the rest is influenced by other factors.


that it can be stated that the contribution of capital inputs and infrastructure tools for doing conservation decision

That is, decisions are influenced by conservation factors related to capital facilities and infrastructure

for the production of 67.2% while the rest is influenced by other factors.Coefficient of determi


That is, decisions are influenced by conservation incentive factors for the

remaining 78.3% influenced by other factors.

Demonstration Plot and the rate of Sedimentation

In this study, conducted in five Demonstration Plot sample, The area of each demonstration plot 60 square meters,

consisting of six plots each having an area of 10 square meters.Five boxes planted with five species of grass

ss, Setaria grass, grass kolonjono, and grass of blembem).One plot to another is a

Each plot length of 10 meters and a width of one meter, one end section made a

hole reservoir sediment erosion results 1x1x0, 5 meter. Each plot to one another is limited by the small

Traction observations of each plant is known that traction plant elephant grass, vetiver, Setaria,

in the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age rang

The fifth power plant used to have a different grip. In the table it was found that the average traction has

This can be the basis of selection as a model of vegetative plant. Based on the test it was

nd that the average traction are significant differences between Pingkuk Gemawang, Gemawang

Based on the calculation of average traction, which has the largest root length

for all plants in general is in the village of Sembukan.


This means that the rate of erosion will be more suppressed. Plant root system greatly

erosion, because the root system of plants to help determine the activity of the formation and stabilization


and infiltration rate. Vegetative methods in soil and water conservation strategy is

the management of plants in such a way so as to suppress the rate of erosion and runoff in the sub

Keduang Based on test results and the differences in the calculation of the average length of shoots, number of

tillers, and root length for all plants is the largest general Sumberejo village. As for the average traction is

Ability to resist erosion rate of each grass plant can be d


The total volume of sediment of each plot as follows: (1) elephant grass = 1.2 cubic meters / ha, (2) Grass

2.0 cubic meters / ha, (3) Setaria Grass = 3.8 cubic meters / ha, (4)

blembem Grass = 5.6 cubic meters / ha, (6) Without plants (control) = 20 cubic meters / ha.

Based on observations of sediment collected from each plot, it is known that the elephant grass


volume compared with the grass plant other. As for the plot without Tamanan grass plots, sediment produced by

20 cubic meters per hectare for six months. For one year of sediment that occurs in one hectare of land without a

This is a considerable loss of land, economically is a huge disadvantage because many

f topsoils are washed away resulting in lower soil fertility. Conservation approaches in sub


so as to increase infiltration and prevent erosion, improve soil nutrient and economic value.

vegetative approach sedimentation rate of sub-watershed Keduang decreases.


hat are quite complex, because it involves various parties together. In this study deliberately


www.iiste.org

social capital variables is 0.215, so

it can be stated that the contribution of social capital on the decision on conservation was 21.5%. That is, decisions

berkonservasi social capital of 21.5% while the rest is influenced by other

Coefficient of determination (R) for human capital variables is 0.619, so it can be stated that the

That is, decisions are influenced by factors


determination (R) for the financial capital variable is 0.042, so it can be stated that the financial capital contribution

That is, decisions are influenced by factors of conservation based on

While the value of the coefficient of

R) for natural resource capital variable is 0.439, so it can be stated that the capital contribution of

That is, decisions are influenced by factors of

ces amounting to 43.9% while the rest is influenced by other factors.


ure tools for doing conservation decision

That is, decisions are influenced by conservation factors related to capital facilities and infrastructure

for the production of 67.2% while the rest is influenced by other factors.Coefficient of determination (R) for


That is, decisions are influenced by conservation incentive factors for the

each demonstration plot 60 square meters,

10 square meters.Five boxes planted with five species of grass

).One plot to another is a

Each plot length of 10 meters and a width of one meter, one end section made a

ch plot to one another is limited by the small

elephant grass, vetiver, Setaria,

in the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6

In the table it was found that the average traction has

Based on the test it was

nd that the average traction are significant differences between Pingkuk Gemawang, Gemawang-Sumberejo,

Based on the calculation of average traction, which has the largest root length


Plant root system greatly

erosion, because the root system of plants to help determine the activity of the formation and stabilization


and infiltration rate. Vegetative methods in soil and water conservation strategy is

the management of plants in such a way so as to suppress the rate of erosion and runoff in the sub-watershed

lation of the average length of shoots, number of

As for the average traction is

Ability to resist erosion rate of each grass plant can be determined from the


= 1.2 cubic meters / ha, (2) Grass

/ ha, (4) kolonjono Grass = 3.6

= 5.6 cubic meters / ha, (6) Without plants (control) = 20 cubic meters / ha.

elephant grass plants have the


s plots, sediment produced by

For one year of sediment that occurs in one hectare of land without a

This is a considerable loss of land, economically is a huge disadvantage because many

Conservation approaches in sub-watershed


ent erosion, improve soil nutrient and economic value. So that with this


In this study deliberately




reason that the grass has increased the we

benefits primarily as animal feed, grass also has a defensive aspect and watershed conservation.

commodity carefully traced the grass can generate economic activity, especially in the

areas. With the availability of grass in all the basin's reserves, will motivate the farmers to develop the livestock

sector.

In developing the venture capital business and the addition of the farmers in cooperation with the part

for example by banks in the region.

banks of this private activity. From banking sector will grow rapidly.

of cows and cattle traders in various places in the sub watershed of Keduang.

traders, the more the circulation of money, particularly in the sub watershed of Keduang.Thus further increase

the welfare of society.

2.7.9. The new research findings

The new research findings about the urgency of conservation of plants and grasses as an economic commodity to

all of the farmers equally socialized.

communication forum of Soil and Water Conserv

KKTA. With cultivate grass as an alternative crops of watershed land conservation will motivate increasing efforts

and spur the growth of farm economy.

would encourage growth in rural development banking world.

should always be done by providing courses and practical training about conservation efforts. Efforts can also be

done formally by incorporating the materials into the watershed conservation into formal school curriculum.

3. Conclusion

Based on the results of the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the five capitals and government incentives

are jointly significant effect on farmers' conservation decisions in the prevention of sedimentation in the sub

watershed of Keduang, while for grass

economic value for livestock and cattle purposes.

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Semarang: Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro

Pelestarian Sumber Daya Tanah dan Air. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi Offset

Analisis Regresi. Yogyakarta : Andi Offset

Respon Konduktivitas Stomata dan Laju Transpirasi Rumput Blemben di Sekitar Sumber

Emisi Gas Kawah Sikidang. Semarang: Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan


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ranganyar on July 24th

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Surakarta (UNS), since then he has been working as Lecturer at Biology Education Department, University of

Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia. His Educational Background were as follows: he got Doctorandus on Biology



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mail for the corresponding author: [email protected]

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Journal of Watersheds,Volume

. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Aerob Pendegradasi Selulosa dari Serasah

Surabaya: Jurusan Biologi Fakultas MIPA

Some Figures Facts and Its Impact on

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Contingent Valuation and Watershed Management. School of

. Bandung : Tarsito

. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Pengaruh Interval Defoliasi Dan Pupuk Fosfat Terhadap Kualitas Hijauan Setaria

lam Pertanaman Campuran Dengan Sentro (Centrosema Pubescens

Semarang: Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro

Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi Offset

Respon Konduktivitas Stomata dan Laju Transpirasi Rumput Blemben di Sekitar Sumber

. Semarang: Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan


Journal of World Development Vol. 31 No 11 pp 1865-1872.

cdn. Glenview, Illinois,

Tiwari, Krishna R. (2008). Natural Resource and Watershed Management in South Asia. The Journal of

undang RI No. 41 tahun 1999 tantang Kehutanan (Indonesia’s Forestry Regulation) UUD Negara RI th

Thomas and Seth Tufer.(2001). Public Participation in the Watershed Management Planning Viewon

Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation

1950. He was graduated from FKIP University of Sebelas Maret

Biology Education Department, University of

re as follows: he got Doctorandus on Biology



esia’s Environmental Profession Association and the member of association Seameotrop Map and RCCN

[email protected].

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